Objective To investigate the distribution and antimicrobial resistance profiles of clinically isolated Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis in hospitals across China from 2015 to 2021,and provide evidence for rational use of antimicrobial agents.Methods Data of H.influenzae and M.catarrhalis strains isolated from 2015 to 2021 in CHINET program were collected for analysis,and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by disc diffusion method or automated systems according to the uniform protocol of CHINET.The results were interpreted according to the CLSI breakpoints in 2022.Beta-lactamases was detected by using nitrocefin disk.Results From 2015 to 2021,a total of 43 642 strains of Haemophilus species were isolated,accounting for 2.91％of the total clinical isolates and 4.07％of Gram-negative bacteria in CHINET program.Among the 40 437 strains of H.influenzae,66.89％were isolated from children and 33.11％were isolated from adults.More than 90％of the H.influenzae strains were isolated from respiratory tract specimens.The prevalence of β-lactamase was 53.79％in H.influenzae strains.The H.influenzae strains isolated from children showed higher resistance rate than the strains isolated from adults.Overall,779 strains of H.influenzae did not produce β-lactamase but were resistant to ampicillin(BLNAR).Beta-lactamase-producing strains showed significantly higher resistance rates to these antimicrobial agents than the β-lactamase-nonproducing strains.Of the 16 191 M.catarrhalis strains,80.06％were isolated from children and 19.94％isolated from adults.M.catarrhalis strains were mostly susceptible to both amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and cefuroxime,evidenced by resistance rate lower than 2.0％.Conclusions The emergence of antibiotic-resistant H.influenzae due to β-lactamase production poses a challenge for clinical anti-infective treatment.Therefore,it is very important to implement antibiotic resistance surveillance for H.influenzae and guide rational antibiotic use.All local clinical microbiology laboratories should actively improve antibiotic susceptibility testing and strengthen antibiotic resistance surveillance for H.influenzae.

Objective To investigate the distribution and antimicrobial resistance profiles of clinically isolated Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis in hospitals across China from 2015 to 2021,and provide evidence for rational use of antimicrobial agents.Methods Data of H.influenzae and M.catarrhalis strains isolated from 2015 to 2021 in CHINET program were collected for analysis,and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by disc diffusion method or automated systems according to the uniform protocol of CHINET.The results were interpreted according to the CLSI breakpoints in 2022.Beta-lactamases was detected by using nitrocefin disk.Results From 2015 to 2021,a total of 43 642 strains of Haemophilus species were isolated,accounting for 2.91％of the total clinical isolates and 4.07％of Gram-negative bacteria in CHINET program.Among the 40 437 strains of H.influenzae,66.89％were isolated from children and 33.11％were isolated from adults.More than 90％of the H.influenzae strains were isolated from respiratory tract specimens.The prevalence of β-lactamase was 53.79％in H.influenzae strains.The H.influenzae strains isolated from children showed higher resistance rate than the strains isolated from adults.Overall,779 strains of H.influenzae did not produce β-lactamase but were resistant to ampicillin(BLNAR).Beta-lactamase-producing strains showed significantly higher resistance rates to these antimicrobial agents than the β-lactamase-nonproducing strains.Of the 16 191 M.catarrhalis strains,80.06％were isolated from children and 19.94％isolated from adults.M.catarrhalis strains were mostly susceptible to both amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and cefuroxime,evidenced by resistance rate lower than 2.0％.Conclusions The emergence of antibiotic-resistant H.influenzae due to β-lactamase production poses a challenge for clinical anti-infective treatment.Therefore,it is very important to implement antibiotic resistance surveillance for H.influenzae and guide rational antibiotic use.All local clinical microbiology laboratories should actively improve antibiotic susceptibility testing and strengthen antibiotic resistance surveillance for H.influenzae.

Background::Keratinocytes play an important role in wound healing; however, less is known about skin keratinocytes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Therefore, this study aimed to search for the transcriptional characteristics of keratinocytes at the single-cell level from T2DM patients, and to provide experimental data for identifying the pathological mechanisms of keratinocytes under pathological conditions.Methods::We performed single-cell RNA sequencing on the skin tissue from two T2DM patients and one patient without diabetes-induced trauma using the BD Rhapsody TM Single-Cell Analysis System. With the help of bioinformatics R-based single-cell analysis software, we analyzed the results of single-cell sequencing to identify the single-cell subsets and transcriptional characteristics of keratinocytes at the single-cell level, including Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and Gene Ontology analyzes. Results::In this study, we found specific highly expressed signature keratinocyte-related genes. We analyzed the transcriptome of keratinocytes from experimental and control groups and screened a total of 356 differential genes, which were subject to bioinformatics analysis. Enriched pathways included oxidative phosphorylation, antigen processing and presentation, prion and Huntingtons’ diseases, bacterial invasion of epithelial cells, thermogenesis, vasopressin-regulated water reabsorption, and protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum.Conclusions::This study revealed the characteristics of keratinocytes at the single-cell level and screened a group of differentially expressed genes related to T2DM-associated keratinocytes, oxidative phosphorylation, cytokine receptor interactions, prion diseases, and other signaling pathways.

Objective To summarize the surgery nursing cooperation points of liver procurement of brain death contributions (DBD) donor in the uninterrupted blood flow way . Methods Complete the following preoperativepreparation such as personnel,brain death donation donor,environment ,surgical content,multiple organ repair system and other related equipments;intraoperative preparation includes surgical instruments and related equipments ,assisting intubation of arteria lienalis ,portal vein and the choledochus and the organ procurement . Result About 3 cases of donor liver procurement were successfully implemented in the interrupt blood flow way, operation time was 3~4 h,bleeding was 200~400 mL,an average of 300 mL. Conclusions Uninterrupted flow liver transplantation can protect liver function to the greatest extent , thus greatly avoids the common complication of organ transplantation.The tacit understanding surgery cooperation improves the rate of surgery successfully.

Objective To investigate the correlation between microembolic signal (MES) and immune inflammation in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Methods The consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke were enroled. According to the results of MES, they were divided into either a positive group or a negative group. The Immune inflammatory indexes, demographics, and baseline clinical data in both groups were compared. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the independent influencing factors of MES in acute ischemic stroke. Results A total of 237 patients were enroled, including 52 in the MES positive group and 185 in the MES negative group. There were significant differences in the levels of triglyceride (2. 130 ± 0. 933 mmol/L vs. 1. 811 ± 0. 962 mmol/L; t = 2. 126, P = 0. 035), plasma fibrinogen (2. 946 ± 0. 255 g/L vs. 2. 833 ± 0. 322 g/L; t = 2. 332, P = 0. 021 ), Lp-PLA2 level ( 288. 265 ± 27. 855 μg/L vs. 261. 652 ± 29. 961 μg/L; t = 2. 897, P = 0. 004 ), as wel as the proportions of CD4 + CD25high Treg (8. 695% ± 1. 461% vs. 9. 445% ± 1. 397% ; t = 3. 386, P = 0. 001), artery stenosis ≥70% (21. 15% vs. 5. 41% ; χ2 = 10. 592, P = 0. 001 ) and smal arterial occlusive stroke (9. 62% vs. 23. 24% ; χ2 = 4.667, P = 0. 031) between the MES positive group and the MES negative group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the increased plasma fibrinogen level (odds ratio [OR] 3. 257, 95%confidence interval [CI] 1. 124 - 9. 438; P = 0. 030), artery stenosis ≥ 70% (OR 3. 585, 95% CI 1. 394 -9. 219; P = 0. 008), and the decreased ratio of Treg (OR 3. 801, 95% CI 1. 190 - 12. 148; P = 0. 024) were the independent risk factors for positive MES, and smal arterial occlusive stroke was its independent protective factor (OR 0. 244, 95% CI 0. 072 - 0. 829; P = 0. 024). Conclusions MES may be associated with immune inflammation. The relationship between stroke and immune inflammation should be taken seriously.

Objective To investigate the association between the minisatellite polymorphism in the first exon of PLA2G4C gene and schizophrenia, and to reveal the important role of DNA sequence polymorphism in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia.Methods The minisatellite polymorphisms in the first exon of PLA2G4C gene in 91 patients with schizophrenia (case group)and 81 healthy persons (control group)were detected with PCR-sequencing analysis.The chi-square (χ2 )goodness-of-fit test was used to analyze the distribution of the PLA2G4C minisatellite polymorphism in various groups and to explore the association between the minisatellite polymorphism in the first exon of PLA2G4C gene and schizophrenia. Results There were minisatellite polymorphisms in PLA2G4C gene.Three kinds of polymorphisms 1×27 bp,2×27 bp and 3×27 bp were found by sequencing.The distribution of allelic frequencies at PLA2G4C polymorphism showed no statistical significance between case group and control group (P>0.05 ). No statistically significant difference was found in 3-homozygous haplotypes in PLA2G4C gene between case group and control group (P>0.05).At the same time,there was no statistically significant difference between 3-heterozygous haplotypes in PLA2G4C gene between case group and control group (P>0.05).Conclusion The minisatellite polymorphisms in the first exon of PLA2G4C gene are found,but the minisatellite polymorphism in the first exon of PLA2G4C gene may be not associated with the occurrence of schizophrenia.

Objective To investigate the effects of 13-hexyl-berbefine hydroehlofide (HB-13) and 13-hexyl-paimatine hydrochloride (HP-13) on the activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB) and phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in a human keratinocyte cell line, HaCaT stimulated by tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). Methods HaCaT cells were cultured in the presence of various concentrations (0.39, 0.78, 1.56 μg/mL) of HB-13 or HP-13 for 120 minutes followed by the stimulation with recombinant human TNF-α for 120 minutes (in phosphorylatEd-IkB-α test) or 15 minutes (in phosphorylated-p38 test). Then, HaCaT cells were disrupted, total protein was extracted, and the expressions of phosphorylated I B-α and phosphorylated p38 were detected with Western blot. HaCaT cells receiving neither pretreatment nor stimulation served as blank control, untreated HaCaT cells stimulated by rhTNF-α as stimulator control, and HaCaT cells pretreated with turmeric root tuber and stimulated by rhTNF-α as positive control. Results From 0.39 to 1.56 μg/mL, both HB-13 and HP-13 significantly inhibited the expression of p-IkB-α in HaCaT cells stimulated by rhTNF-α, and a nonsignificant dose-dependent trend was observed for their inhibitory effect, with the ICo value being 0.441 μg/mL for I-IB-13 (r = -0.990, n = 3, P > 0.05) and 0.832 μg/mL for HP-13 (r = -0.992, n = 3, P > 0.05). In contrast, neither 1-113-13 nor HP-13 within the experiment concentration range had a significant effect on the expression of p-p38 in HaCaT cells stimulated by rhTNF-α (P > 0.05). Conclusions Within the experimental concentration range, both HB-13 and HP-13 can inhibit the activation of NF-kB in HaCaT cells induced by TNF-α signal, but neither of them suppress the phosphorylation of p38MAPK induced by TNF-α signal in HaCaT cells.

Objective To investigate the effects of triptolide on the expression of a series of proteins associated with interferon-γ (IFN-γ)signaling in HaCaT keratinocytes.Methods After pretreatment with difrerent dosages of triptolide(10-10-10-7 mol/L),HaCaT cells were stimulated by recombinant human IFN-γ(rhIFN-γ,500 U/mL)for various periods followed by the collection of cells.Then,total protein was extracted from these cells and subjected to Western blotting for the detection of expression of interferon-γ receptor α(IFN-γRα),phosphorylated Janus kinase 2(pJAK2)and suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS1).Results Triptolide at the concentrations of 10-8 mol/L and 10-7 mol/L significantly inhibited the IFN-γRα expression upregulated by rhIFN-γ(both P＜0.05).The expression of pJAK2 induced bv rhIFN-γ was also suppressed by triptolide at the concentrations of 10-9 moI/L and 10-8 mol/L(both P＜0.05).The inhibition of triptolide on IFN-γRα and pJAK2 expression was dose-dependent and the 50%inhibitory concentrations(IC50 value)were 1.37×10-8 mol/L and 2.83×10-9 mol/L,respectively.On the contrary,triptolide upregulated the expression of SOCS1 stimulated by rhIFN-γ at the concentrations of 10-10,10-9 and 10-8 mol/L(P＜0.05,0.05,0.01,respectively)with the 50%effective dosage(ED50 value)at 3.32 × 10-11 mol/L.Conclusions By inhibiting the expression of IFN-γRα as well as phosphorylation of JAK2 and upregulating the expression of SOCS1,triptolide inhibits the phosphorylation of STAT-1,resulting in the inhibition of genetic transcription of multiple inflammatory factors induced by IFN-γ signaling in HaCaT keratinocytes,and the inhibition probably contributes to the efficacy of triptolide in the treatment of IFN-γ-dependent inflammatory skin disorders,such as psoriasis.