Objective:To understand the negative conversion of syphilis-specific antibody in follow-up in 0-18 months-old children born to pregnant women with syphilis in China in 2021 and analyze the related factors.Methods:The basic information of pregnant women with syphilis and follow-up information of their children in 2021 were extracted from the National Management Information System for the Prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV, syphilis and Hepatitis B. The logistic regression model was used to analyze related factors of negative conversion of syphilis-specific antibody.Results:In 2021, a total of 34 201 children was delivered by syphilis-infected pregnant women, and 23 592 (68.98%) children were included in this study. Negative conversion of syphilis-specific antibody occurred in 21 076 (89.34%) children, but not in 2 516 (10.66%) children. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified several factors associated with a higher probability of the negative conversion of syphilis-specific antibody: prophylactic benzathine penicillin injection at birth (a OR=1.35,95% CI:1.10-1.65), mother's age 26-30 years (a OR=1.22,95% CI:1.01-1.46), 36-40 years (a OR=1.34, 95% CI:1.09-1.64), other ethnic groups (a OR=1.19,95% CI:1.04-1.36), non-syphilis-specific antibody titers less than 1∶8 during pregnancy (a OR=1.56,95% CI:1.37-1.78), penicillin treatment (a OR=1.56,95% CI:1.23-1.98) and standardized treatment (a OR=1.21,95% CI:1.11-1.32). Conclusions:In 2021,the level of syphilitic-specific antibody negative conversion in follow-up in children born to pregnant women with syphilis was high in China. According to the factors associated with syphilis-specific antibody negative conversion, it is necessary to develop the follow-up strategies for the children born to pregnant women.

Objective:To understand the negative conversion of syphilis-specific antibody in follow-up in 0-18 months-old children born to pregnant women with syphilis in China in 2021 and analyze the related factors.Methods:The basic information of pregnant women with syphilis and follow-up information of their children in 2021 were extracted from the National Management Information System for the Prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV, syphilis and Hepatitis B. The logistic regression model was used to analyze related factors of negative conversion of syphilis-specific antibody.Results:In 2021, a total of 34 201 children was delivered by syphilis-infected pregnant women, and 23 592 (68.98%) children were included in this study. Negative conversion of syphilis-specific antibody occurred in 21 076 (89.34%) children, but not in 2 516 (10.66%) children. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified several factors associated with a higher probability of the negative conversion of syphilis-specific antibody: prophylactic benzathine penicillin injection at birth (a OR=1.35,95% CI:1.10-1.65), mother's age 26-30 years (a OR=1.22,95% CI:1.01-1.46), 36-40 years (a OR=1.34, 95% CI:1.09-1.64), other ethnic groups (a OR=1.19,95% CI:1.04-1.36), non-syphilis-specific antibody titers less than 1∶8 during pregnancy (a OR=1.56,95% CI:1.37-1.78), penicillin treatment (a OR=1.56,95% CI:1.23-1.98) and standardized treatment (a OR=1.21,95% CI:1.11-1.32). Conclusions:In 2021,the level of syphilitic-specific antibody negative conversion in follow-up in children born to pregnant women with syphilis was high in China. According to the factors associated with syphilis-specific antibody negative conversion, it is necessary to develop the follow-up strategies for the children born to pregnant women.

At present,there are policies for hepatitis B testing in 89.8%of countries and regions around the world.In 2022,the global hepatitis B vaccine birth dose coverage reached 45%,while the third-dose coverage reached 85%.Approximately 3%of pregnant women with high viral loads have received antiviral therapy,and the prevalence rate of HBsAg is about 0.7%among children aged≤5 years.While significant progress has been made in various countries towards eliminating mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus(HBV),there are still large gaps across countries and numerous challenges.There are differences in the prevalence of hepatitis B,vaccination,and access to antiviral drugs across the globe,and in addition,the factors such as insufficient laboratory testing capacity and difficulties in ensuring sustained access to treatment among pregnant and parturient women with HBV infection pose obstacles to eliminating the mother-to-child transmission of HBV.

Objective:To understand the loss to follow-up of children born to pregnant women with HIV infection (HIV-exposed children) and analyze its influencing factors in China in 2019.Methods:The data were collected from the follow-up records of pregnant women with HIV infection and their children reported by the national "Management Information System for the Prevention of HIV, syphilis and Hepatitis B Mother-to-Child Transmission" in 2019. HIV-exposed children were defined as those who were not followed up after birth or who were not followed up at 18 months of age and who were not followed up at 21 months of age. The univariate and multivariate influencing factors of loss to follow-up of children born to HIV-infected pregnant women were analyzed by χ2 test and logistic regression model. SPSS 25.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Results:The number of HIV-infected pregnant women was 5 039, the number of live-born children was 5 035, the number of loss to follow-up children within 18 months of age was 283, and the loss to follow-up rate children was 5.62%(283/5 035). The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the rate of loss to follow-up of exposed children born to pregnant women who worked as farmers (animal husbandry and fishery) (a OR=0.34, 95% CI: 0.22-0.53), unmarried (a OR=0.47, 95% CI: 0.24-0.93), first marriage (a OR=0.38, 95% CI: 0.22-0.67), remarriage (a OR=0.36, 95% CI: 0.20-0.67) and cohabiting (a OR=0.47, 95% CI: 0.23-0.97), and knew they had HIV infection before this pregnancy (a OR=0.53, 95% CI: 0.40-0.70) was lower. Han nationality (a OR=1.52, 95% CI: 1.09-2.13), primary school (a OR=2.06, 95% CI: 1.10-3.89) and junior middle school (a OR=1.81, 95% CI: 1.03-3.17) educational level, non-use of antiviral drugs (a OR=6.21, 95% CI: 4.32-8.93) and delivery in township (street) level midwifery institutions (a OR=5.72, 95% CI: 1.61-20.27) had higher rates of loss to follow-up among infants born to HIV-infected pregnant women. Conclusions:HIV-exposed children still have a specific rate of loss to follow-up in China in 2019. In order to further reduce the rate of loss to follow-up, it is of great significance to improve the detection rate of HIV before pregnancy and the rate of antiviral drugs used in pregnant women with HIV infection, which is of great significance for the effective implementation of comprehensive intervention measures of prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV.

Objective To study the effect of cold and heat treatment on metastasis and the peripheral blood immune response in patients with breast cancer. Methods A total of 124 breast cancer patients were randomly di-vided into a hot and cold therapy group and a control group, each of 62. Both groups were given conventional surgical resections, and the hot and cold therapy group was given cooling and heating physical therapy for one month before the operation. The efficacy of the treatment and the patients′ spiritual state were compared after the treatment. The effect on lung metastases was evaluated using tomographic images of the chest, and the changes in immune cell levels in the peripheral blood were detected using flow cytometry. Results After the treatment, the remission rate (54.8%), spiritual life ratings on the Karnofsky scale and the area of lung cancer nodule transfer were significantly better in the hot and cold therapy group than in the control group. Twelve weeks after the treatment, the percentage of MDSCs in the control group patients was 72.5%, significantly higher than the 5.3% of the therapy group. The CD4+and CD8+ T cells were 2.2% and 1.8%, significantly lower than the 26.7% and 13.9% of the control group. Con-clusion Cold and hot therapy before a mastectomy can effectively inhibit the metastasis of breast cancer and promote patients′physical rehabilitation and spiritual life. It may regulate the microenvironment of their immunosuppression and stimulate antitumor immunity.