Lithium batteries are widely used in energy storage, power, and other fields due to their advantages such as high performance and low cost. With the rapid development of the lithium battery industry, its production is constantly growing. However, the identification of occupational hazards and assessment of their health risks in lithium battery industry has rarely been reported. The composition of lithium batteries is complex and involves large numbers of compounds. Besides the traditional occupational hazards, workers may be exposed to many emerging chemicals throughout the production of raw materials, assembly and disassembly of lithium batteries. Therefore, this paper introduced the process chain of lithium battery production, analyzed the underlying occupational hazards in the industry, reviewed the health impacts of typical occupational hazards, and proposed the future research needs according to the current status of research on occupational exposure and health hazards in the lithium battery industry.

Objective To observe the value of intratumoral and peritumoral radiomics based on diffusion weighted imaging(DWI)for predicting histological grade of breast cancer.Methods Preoperative DWI data of 700 patients with single breast cancer diagnosed by pathology were retrospectively analyzed.The patients were divided into training set(n= 560,including 381 of grade Ⅰ+Ⅱ and 179 of grade Ⅲ)and test set(n=140,including 95 of grade Ⅰ+Ⅱ and 45 of grade Ⅲ)at the ratio of 8∶2.Intratumoral ROI(ROIintra)was manually delineated on DWI,which was automatically expanded by 3 mm and 5 mm to decline peritumoral ROI(ROIperi,including ROI3 mm and ROI5 mm),then intratumoral-peritumoral ROI(ROIintra+3 mm,ROIintra+5 mm)were obtained.The optimal radiomics features were extracted and screened,and the radiomics model(RM)for predicting the histological grade of breast cancer were constructed.Receiver operating characteristic curves were drawn,and the areas under the curve(AUC)were calculated to evaluate the predictive efficacy of each model.Calibration curve method was used to evaluate the calibration degree,while decision curve analysis(DCA)was performed to explore the clinical practicability of each model.Results AUC of RMintra,RM+3 mm,RM+5mm,RMintra+3 mm and RMintra+5 mm was 0.750,0.724,0.749,0.833 and 0.807 in training set,while was 0.723,0.718,0.736,0.759 and 0.782 in test set,respectively.In training set,significant differences of AUC was found(all P＜0.01),while in test set,no significant difference of AUC was found among models(all P＞0.05).The calibrations of models were all high.DCA showed that taken 0.02-0.88 as the threshold,the clinical net benefit of RMintra+per were greater in training set,while taken 0.40-0.72 as the threshold,the clinical net benefit of RMintra+per was greater in test set.Conclusion Both DWI intratumoral and peritumoral radiomics could effectively predict histological grade of breast cancer.Combination of intratumoral and peritumoral radiomics was more effective.

Objective:To investigate the effects and mechanism of metformin on the wound healing of full-thickness skin defects in diabetic rats.Methods:This study was an experimental study. Eighteen 8-week-old male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into control group, diabetes group, and diabetes+metformin group according to complete random grouping method, with 6 rats in each group. The latter two groups of rats were used to create diabetic models, and then four circular full-thickness skin defect wounds with a diameter of 5 mm were made on the back of 18 rats. Metformin F-127 hydrogel was applied only to the wounds of rats in diabetes+metformin group. The wound healing status on post injury day (POD) 7 and 13 was observed and the wound healing rate was calculated. The wound tissue on POD 7 and 13 was collected for hematoxylin-eosin staining to measure the length of re-epithelialized epidermis and calculate the change rates in diameters of epidermal and dermal wounds, for immunohistochemical staining to detect the relative expressions of keratin 10 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and for Western blotting to detect the protein expressions of keratin 10 and PCNA. The sample size in all the above experiments was 8 except that in the last experiment was 3. The correlations between the relative expressions of keratin 10 and PCNA in wound tissue in three groups of rats and their wound healing rates, and the correlation between the relative expressions of keratin 10 and PCNA in wound tissue were analyzed.Results:On POD 7, the wound healing rates of rats in diabetes group and diabetes+metformin group were 81.48% (77.89%, 85.53%) and 93.04% (92.51%, 94.24%), which were significantly lower than 100% (97.17%, 100%) in control group (with Z values of 2.37 and -3.36, respectively, P<0.05); the wound healing rate of rats in diabetes+metformin group was significantly higher than that in diabetes group ( Z=3.45, P<0.05). On POD 13, the wound healing rates of rats in control group and diabetes+metformin group were both 100% (100%, 100%), which were significantly higher than 94.47% (90.68%, 99.82%) in diabetes group (with Z values of 2.90 and -2.90, respectively, P<0.05). On POD 7, the change rates in epidermal wound diameter of rats in control group and diabetes+metformin group were significantly higher than that in diabetes group (with Z values of 3.36 and -2.74, respectively, P<0.05). The change rates in dermal wound diameter of rats in the three groups were similar on POD 7 and 13 ( P>0.05). The lengths of re-epithelialized epidermis of rats in control group and diabetes+metformin group on POD 13 were significantly longer than that in diabetes group (with Z values of 3.34 and -2.64, respectively, P<0.05). The relative expressions of keratin 10 in wound tissue of rats in diabetes group on POD 7 and 13 were significantly higher than those in control group (with Z values of -3.36 and -3.26, respectively, P<0.05) and diabetes+metformin group (with Z values of 3.36 and 3.15, respectively, P<0.05), and the relative expression of keratin 10 in wound tissue of rats in diabetes+metformin group on POD 7 was significantly lower than that in control group ( Z=3.05, P<0.05); the relative expressions of PCNA in wound tissue of rats in diabetes group on POD 7 and 13 were significantly lower than those in control group (with both Z values of 3.36, P<0.05) and diabetes+metformin group (with both Z values of -3.36, P<0.05). The protein expressions of keratin 10 in wound tissue of rats in control group and diabetes+metformin group on POD 7 as well as that in diabetes+metformin group on POD 13 were significantly lower than those in diabetes group ( P<0.05), and the protein expressions of PCNA in wound tissue of rats in control group and diabetes+metformin group on POD 7 were significantly higher than that in diabetes group ( P<0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between the relative expression of keratin 10 in wound tissue and the wound healing rate in control group and diabetes+metformin group of rats (with r values of 0.78 and 0.71, respectively, P<0.05), there was a significant negative correlation between the relative expression of PCNA in wound tissue and the wound healing rate in diabetes+metformin group of rats ( r=-0.60, P<0.05), and there was a significant negative correlation between the relative expressions of PCNA and keratin 10 in wound tissue of rats in diabetes group and diabetes+metformin group (with r values of -0.41 and -0.49, respectively, P<0.05). Conclusions:The diabetic rats with full-thickness skin defect wound exhibit delayed healing, accompanied by up-regulation of keratin 10 and down-regulation of PCNA in keratinocytes in the wound tissue. Metformin can promote wound healing in diabetic rats with full-thickness skin defects by down-regulating keratin 10 expression and up-regulating PCNA expression in keratinocytes in the wound tissue, and the wound healing rate was positively correlated with the expression of keratin 10 and negatively correlated with the expression of PCNA.

A purified polysaccharide with a galactose backbone(SPR-1,Mw 3,622 Da)was isolated from processed Polygonati Rhizoma with black beans(PRWB)and characterized its chemical properties.The backbone of SPR-1 consisted of[(4)-β-D-Galp-(1]9→ 4,6)-β-D-Galp-(1 → 4)-α-D-GalpA-(1 → 4)-α-D-GalpA-(1 →4)-α-D-Glcp-(1 → 4,6)-α-D-Glcp-(1 → 4)-α/β-D-Glcp,with a branch chain of R1:β-D-Galp-(1 → 3)-β-D-Galp-(1 → connected to the →4,6)-β-D-Galp-(1 → via O-6,and a branch chain of R2:α-D-Glcp-(1 →6)-α-D-Glcp-(1 → connected to the →4,6)-α-D-Glcp-(1 → via O-6.Immunomodulatory assays showed that the SPR-1 significantly activated macrophages,and increased secretion of NO and cytokines(i.e.,IL-1β and TNF-α),as well as promoted the phagocytic activities of cells.Furthermore,isothermal titration calorimetry(ITC)analysis and molecular docking results indicated high-affinity binding between SPR-1 and MD2 with the equilibrium dissociation constant(KD)of 18.8 μM.It was suggested that SPR-1 activated the immune response through Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)signaling and downstream responses.Our research demon-strated that the SPR-1 has a promising candidate from PRWB for the TLR4 agonist to induce immune response,and also provided an easily accessible way that can be used for PR deep processing.

Objective:To explore regulatory effects of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) on hypoxia-induced oxidative stress and activation of pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) .Methods:PSCs were cultured in normoxia or hypoxia conditions to establish normoxia or hypoxia group. PSCs were pre-treated with SCFA working solution (10 mmol/L sodium acetate, 0.5 mmol/L sodium propionate and 0.5 mmol/L sodium butyrate), and then cultured in hypoxia conditions to establish the hypoxia-SCFA group. PSCs pre-treated by normal saline was set as the hypoxia-control group. The relative growth viability of the cells was detected by the CCK-8 assay. Relative levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected by DCFH-DA fluorescence probe method. The mitochondrial membrane potential was detected by JC-1 fluorescence probe. Protein expression of cyclin-associated marker cyclin A and cyclin D, hypoxic marker HIF1α, activation marker α-SMA, and antioxidant marker NRF2 and HO-1 was detected by western blotting.Results:The relative viability of PSCs in hypoxia group was significantly higher than that in normoxia group at 48 h (1.23±0.05 vs 0.99±0.04), but the relative viability of hypoxia-SCFA group was significantly lower than that of the hypoxic-control group at both 36 h and 48 h (0.69±0.01 vs 0.86±0.03, 0.86±0.02 vs 1.25±0.05). The relative level of ROS was significantly higher in hypoxia group than normoxia group (1.74±0.11 vs 1.00±0.10). The relative level of ROS was significantly lower in the hypoxia-SCFA group than the hypoxia-control group (1.39±0.14 vs 1.66±0.11). The fluorescence signals of JC-1 polymer in hypoxia group were significantly higher than those in normoxia group (1.36±0.05 vs 1.00±0.11), whereas the fluorescence signals of JC-1 polymer were significantly lower in hypoxia-SCFA group than in hypoxia-control group (1.11±0.03 vs 1.32±0.06). The expression of cyclin A, cyclin D, HIF1α, α-SMA, NRF2, and HO-1 was significantly higher in hypoxia group than those in normoxia group (1.19±0.01 vs 0.63±0.02, 0.93±0.02 vs 0.83±0.03, 1.18±0.07 vs 0.41±0.02, 1.19±0.14 vs 0.66±0.04, 1.22±0.11 vs 0.61±0.04, 1.28±0.12 vs 0.68±0.02), but the expression of cyclin A, cyclin D, α-SMA, NRF2, and HO-1 in Hypoxia-SCFA group was significantly lower than those in hypoxia-control group (0.79±0.04 vs 1.15±0.03, 0.88±0.01 vs 0.95±0.03, 0.87±0.01 vs 1.18±0.05, 0.84±0.01 vs 1.22±0.04, and 0.92±0.02 vs 1.27±0.06). All these differences were statistically significant (all P values <0.05) . Conclusions:SCFA significantly improves the oxidative stress state of PSCs under hypoxic conditions, maintains the stability of mitochondrial membrane potential, and inhibites hypoxia-induced activation of PSCs.

Objective:To explore the neuroprotective effects and mechanisms of memantine on sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) model mice.Methods:Totally 90 male C57BL/6J mice aged 8-12 weeks were randomly divided into 3 groups (with 30 mice in each group) : sham group, model group and memantine group. The SAE mouse model was established by cecum ligation and puncture while mouse in sham group received open and closed abdomen only. The mice in the memantine group were irrigation with memantine (15 mg · kg -1· d -1) 3 hours before surgery and 7 consecutive days after modeling. The mice in the model group and sham group were irrigation with an equal volume of 0.9% sodium chloride solution. The 7-day survival rate was observed, neurobehavioral and cognitive function scores of each group of mice after modeling were assessed.Blood-brain barrier permeability was measured by detecting the content of Evans blue. Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the expression of astrocytes. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was conducted to detect cellular inflammatory factors and the glutamic acid content detection kit was used to detect the expression of glutamic acid. All data were analyzed by Graphpad Prism 8.3.0 software, survival rate was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier survival curve.Multigroup comparisons were conducted by one-way ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis test. Results:(1) There was a statistically significant difference in the 7-day survival rate among the three groups of mice after modeling ( F=24.11, P<0.01), and the 7-day survival rate of the memantine group was higher than that of the model group (57% (17/30), 27% (8/30), P<0.01). (2)The behavioral results showed that after 7 days of modeling, there were statistically significant differences in the total distance of the open field test, central area stay time, four corner area stay time, neurobehavioral scores, pole climbing test, and preference index for new object recognition test among the three groups of mice ( F/ χ2=17.67, 17.30, 9.39, 14.06, 10.36, 14.81, all P<0.05).The neurobehavioral score, pole climbing test score, preference index for new object recognition test, total distance of open field test, and central area stay time of the model group were all lower than those of the sham group (all P<0.05), while four corner area stay time of the model group was higher than that of the sham group ( P<0.05).The total distance of open field test (1 564.07(1 363.24, 1 988.19) cm, 913.91 (574.32, 1 096.23) cm), central area stay time (5.21 (4.91, 8.76) s, 1.09 (0.25, 1.64) s), neurobehavioral scores (9.75±0.50, 8.25±0.50), pole climbing test scores (5.67±0.52, 4.56±0.53), and preference index for new object recognition test (56.50±10.59, 26.84±2.91) of the memantine group were all higher than those of the model group (all P<0.05). The four corner area stay time was lower than that of the model group ((480.30±50.64) s, (529.80±36.20) s, P<0.05).(3)The comparison of molecular indicators showed that there were statistically significant differences in the content of Evans blue in the brain, the number of astrocytes in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex, pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6), anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10), and glutamic acid among the three groups of mice ( F/ χ2=8.84, 6.43, 28.46, 23.63, 12.23, 16.04, 69.22, 6.65, all P<0.05).The content of Evans blue, the number of astrocytes in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex, the expression of TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6, and glutamate in the model group were all lower than those in the sham group(all P<0.05). The levels of IL-10 in the model group was lower than that in the sham group ( P<0.05).The content of Evans blue ((5.67±1.38)μg/g, (11.08±2.79)μg/g), the number of astrocytes in the hippocampus (16.50 (13.75, 22.25)/μm 2), 80.00 (73.50, 83.50)/μm 2) and the cerebral cortex (40.00 (29.00, 48.00)/μm 2, 81.50 (72.25, 89.00)/μm 2) in the memantine group were lower than those in the model group (all P<0.05).The pro-inflammatory factor TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and glutamic acid expression in the memantine group were lower than those in the model group (all P<0.05), and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was higher than that in the model group ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Memantine can improve the neurobehaviors and cognitive functions of SAE mice through improving the integrity of the damaged blood-brain barrier, alleviating inflammation in the brain, as well as reducing glutamate levels in the brain.

Objective:To investigate the clinical, endoscopic and pathological features, and treatment and prognosis of gastric adenocarcinoma of fundic gland type of chief cell predominant type (GA-FG-CCP).Methods:Data of 40 GA-FG-CCP patients with 41 lesions diagnosed by histopathology at Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital and Shanghai East Hospital from January 2018 to May 2023 were collected. Their clinical and endoscopic features, pathological features, immunohistochemical results, endoscopic treatment, and prognosis were analyzed.Results:Among the 40 GA-FG-CCP patients, there were 15 males and 25 females, and the mean age was 60.03 years. Most of them had no obvious clinical symptoms or family history of tumor. Except one case, others had no helicobacter pylori infection. The endoscopic features of white light observation were: ① the main location was the upper part of the gastric body (63.41%, 26/41); ② faded or whitish mucosal surface (56.10%, 23/41); ③ dilated vessels with branch architecture (78.05%, 32/41); ④ no background mucosal atrophy (100.00%, 41/41). The features of magnifying endoscopy with narrow band imaging (ME-NBI) were: ① no obvious demarcation line (85.37%, 35/41); ② enlargement of the crypt opening (87.80%, 36/41); ③ widening of the intervening part (92.68%, 38/41); ④ lack of irregular microvascular pattern (95.12%, 39/41). All patients were confirmed gastric adenocarcinoma of the fundic gland by biopsy. The glands showed a low degree of dysplasia, similar to the differentiation of chief cell predominant pattern, also with scattered parietal cells, forming irregular and anastomosing cords. In the 40 patients, 20 did not receive endoscopic therapy. Twelve out of 21 lesions in 20 cases treated with endoscopic resection infiltrated into the submucosa (20-520 μm), 9 cases were intramucosal carcinoma. There was no lymphatic or venous infiltration, and horizontal and vertical margins were negative. Immunohistochemical staining results showed that the tumor was postive for pepsinogen-Ⅰ and MUC 6, with scattered postive for H +-K +-ATPase, but negative for MUC5AC, MUC2 and CD10, and the Ki-67 labeling index was low. No patients had recurrence or metastasis during mean follow-up of 15.85 months. Conclusion:GA-FG-CCP is rare and very well differentiated. Its clinical symptoms are not obvious, but there is endoscopic characteristics. The detection rate of GA-FG-CCP can be improved by white light and ME-NBI, and the diagnosis can be confirmed by pathology and immunohistochemical staining.

Objective:A high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed to determine the enzymatic activity of CD38 in blood, which was the major enzyme responsible for consuming nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD). Additionally, the study aimed to detect the differences in CD38 enzymatic activity among individuals of varying ages and health statuses.Methods:A 50 μl whole blood matrix and enzyme reaction substrate of 150 μl β-NAD at a concentration of 500 μmol/L were selected for the analysis. To eliminate the impact of endogenous β-NAD, the whole blood sample was pre-incubated at 37 ℃ for 20 minutes before adding the substrate. The reaction was terminated by perchloric acid (PCA) after incubation at 37 ℃ for 40 min. The change in product nicotinamide (NAM) before and after the enzymatic reaction was measured by HPLC to calculate the CD38 activity. The linearity, limit of detection, limit of quantification, precision, and stability of the method were evaluated. The CD38 enzymatic activities in 60 healthy volunteers and 30 colorectal cancer patients in blood were determined by the developed method.Results:Pre-incubation at 37 ℃ for 20 minutes eliminated the effect of endogenous β-NAD. The correlation coefficient of NAM was 0.999 in the concentration range of 0.1-3.2 μmol/L, with limit of detection of 0.5 nmol/L and limit of quantification of 2.1 nmol/L. The average within-run imprecision ( CV) and total CV were 3.22%-4.03% and 2.91%-4.70%, respectively. The recovery rate ranged from 94.82% to 96.81%. The CD38 activity of whole blood was stable by storage at 4 ℃ for 48 hours, storage at room temperature for 8 hours, thawing of frozen whole blood at room temperature for 2 hours, or repeated freeze-thawing three times. NAM, NAD standards, and pre-treatment samples were stable after 48 hours at 4 ℃ and 8 hours at room temperature. CD38 activity gradually decreased with increasing concentration of the added CD38 inhibitor 4-aminoquinoline derivative (78c). Measurement of 60 healthy physical examination population samples showed significantly higher CD38 enzyme activity in the elderly group than that in the young group ( t=-2.776, P=0.007) and measurement of 30 colorectal cancer patients showed significantly higher CD38 enzyme activity than that in healthy people ( t=-2.572, P=0.012). Conclusion:The established HPLC method for determining CD38 enzymatic activity is characterized by its simplicity, efficiency, accuracy, and reproducibility. This technique serves as a valuable tool for investigating aging and aging-related diseases.

Objective To understand the current situation of practice and cognition of ICU nurses on intra-abdominal pressure monitoring in tertiary general hospitals in Shandong Province,and to analyze the factors affecting their cognition,so as to provide references for formulating intra-abdominal pressure monitoring standards and procedures,and carrying out targeted training in the future.Methods A convenience sampling method was used,and a self-designed questionnaire on practice and cognition of intra-abdominal pressure monitoring was used to survey ICU nurses from tertiary general hospitals in 16 prefecture-level cities in Shandong Province from September to November 2022.Results A total of 627 valid questionnaires were collected,involving 31 tertiary general hospitals(24 tertiary A hospitals,77.42%;7 tertiary B hospitals,22.58%).The operation rate of intra-abdominal pressure monitoring was low(73.37%),and the main reasons were that they had not received intra-abdominal pressure monitoring related training(61.08%),with only 111(24.94%)nurses choosing the intersection of the mid-axillary line and the iliac crest as the reference zero point measurement,274(61.57%)nurses not taking an reading at the end of expiration.The intra-abdominal pressure monitoring cognition score was 0～16(7.88±2.79)points,and only 5 questions had a correct answer rate of≥50%.Conclusion The standardization of intra-abdominal pressure monitoring practice by ICU nurses in tertiary general hospitals in Shandong Province needs to be strengthened,and their cognition needs further training.It is suggested to unify and implement the standards and procedures of intra-abdominal pressure monitoring,further accelerate the training of intra-abdominal pressure monitoring technology,and improve the standard execution rate and cognitive level of ICU nurses on intra-abdominal pressure monitoring.