Objective: To explore the prevalence of bone defect and alveolar bone thickness changes in the mandibular incisors of untreated adults and post-orthodontic treatment adults, with the aim of providing strategies for preventing and managing alveolar bone defects during orthodontic treatment. Methods: This study was reviewed and approved by the Medical Ethics Committee. Clinical records, panoramic radiographs, cephalometric radiographs, and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images and informed consent were obtained for 150 untreated adults and 150 post-orthodontic adults. The untreated adults and post-orthodontic adults were respectively divided into three subgroups: skeletal ClassⅠ, Class Ⅱ and Class Ⅲ, with 50 cases per subgroup. Meanwhile, 60 cases with completeness of pre- and post-orthodontic data were enrolled from 150 post-orthodontic adults, including 20 cases each of skeletal ClassⅠ, Class Ⅱ, and Class Ⅲ. Cephalometric radiographs were imported into Dolphin software to measure skeletal parameters. CBCT images were imported into Mimics software to assess alveolar bone defects and to measure alveolar bone thickness of mandibular incisors among three groups: 150 untreated adult groups, 150 post-orthodontic groups and the pre- and post-treatment status of 60 patients selected from the latter group. Results: Untreated adult patients: the prevalence of labial dehiscence and fenestration in the mandibular incisors was higher than that on the lingual side among skeletal ClassⅠ, Ⅱ, and Ⅲ malocclusion patients, and there was a statistically significant difference in the alveolar bone thickness of the mandibular incisors among the three classes. Post-orthodontic treatment adults: for skeletal ClassⅠ and Ⅱ patients, the prevalence of lingual bone dehiscence in the mandibular incisors was significantly higher in the extraction groups than in the non-extraction groups; correspondingly, the lingual alveolar bone was also thinner in the extraction groups; Class Ⅱ non-extraction patients showed a higher prevalence of labial bone fenestration but a lower prevalence of lingual bone fenestration in mandibular incisors compared to Class Ⅱ extraction patients; the orthodontic-orthognathic combined treatment group showed significantly higher prevalence of labial/lingual bone dehiscence and thinner alveolar bone at multiple sites in the mandibular incisors compared to the camouflage group in skeletal Class Ⅲ patients. Comparison of mandibular incisor bone defects and thickness before and after orthodontic treatment in adult patients: in skeletal ClassⅠ and Ⅱ patients treated with premolar extraction and Class Ⅲ patients treated with orthodontic-orthognathic combined treatment, the lingual alveolar bone of mandibular incisors exhibited significant resorption and thinned after treatment, and this was accompanied by an increased prevalence of dehiscence; in non-extraction patients, ClassⅠ non-extraction patients showed thinning of the crestal-labial bone and apical-lingual bone, Class Ⅱ patients showed thinning of the crestal-labial bone and middle-labial bone of the mandibular incisors, along with an increased prevalence of dehiscence Conclusion In malocclusion adults, alveolar bone defects were already present in the mandibular incisors before orthodontic treatment. The alveolar bone defects and thickness in mandibular incisors among post-orthodontic adults were influenced by the treatment plan and Class of skeletal malocclusion.

Myopia is a common eye disease among children and adolescents, and it is also a major and common public health problem for children and adolescents worldwide. Although the myopia rate among children and adolescents in different provinces , cities , and regions varies , the incidence of myopia is generally high , showing a trend of high incidence and younger age. Myopia in children and adolescents is closely related to sleep conditions . The sleep time of most children and adolescents in China does not reach the recommended length of time for this age group, and their sleep quality is poor, which affects their study and life. The biological connection and molecular mechanism between sleep and myopia are hot topics in clinical research . This article reviews the epidemiological characteristics of myopia and sleep status in children and adolescents , as well as the biological mechanisms between sleep and myopia , with the aim of providing a theoretical basis for preventing myopia in children and adolescents.

[Objective] To explore the temperature parameters affecting the polybrene test and determine the optimal temperature conditions for detecting unexpected antibodies of the Rh system. [Methods] The reaction of IgG human anti-D antibody with different dilutions (undiluted, 1∶2, 1∶4, 1∶8, 1∶16, 1∶32，1∶64) with D antigen-positive red blood cells was detected by manual polybrene test (MPT). Different temperatures (25℃ and 37℃) were set, and the reaction time with low ionic medium was 4 minutes. The agglutination integral value of anti-D and red cell depolymerization time were compared to observe the effect of enhanced agglutination reaction, thereby establishing the test temperature reaction conditions for enhancing the MPT. The same reaction condition was applied to 36 blood samples containing unexpected antibodies of the Rh system, and the effect of enhanced MPT was observed in comparison with the polybrene method and the antiglobulin test (column agglutination). [Results] With all other conditions held constant, when low ionic medium was added, the incubation temperature of 25℃ and 37℃ resulted in different total agglutination integral values for anti-D (20.9±2.025 vs 25.5±2.635), and the comparison showed a significant difference (P<0.05). When the antibody dilution was 1∶16, the incubation temperature of 25℃ and 37℃ resulted in different agglutination integral values (3.9±0.738 vs 5.8±0.632), and the comparison showed a significant difference (P<0.05). Erythrocyte depolymerization time (62.8±8.149 vs 90.1±10.713) was significantly different (P<0.05). At a dilution of 1∶32, the incubation temperatures of 25℃ and 37℃ resulted in different agglutination integral values (2.5±0.527 vs 4.3±0.675), as well as different red blood cell dissociation times (35.4±7.792 vs 57.4±10.885)(P<0.05), and the comparison showed a significant difference (P<0.05), with no differences observed in the other groups. In the detection of 36 Rh system unexpected antibody samples, when the antibody titer was ≤2, the enhanced polybrene method had a higher positive rate, and when the antibody titer was ≥4, the detection rates of the three methods were consistent. [Conclusion] The reference temperature condition for the modified MPT is incubation at 37℃ for 4 min after the addition of low ionic medium. The application of this temperature condition to unexpected antibody samples of Rh system could achieve a significant enhancement effect, thereby increasing transfusion safety for the treatment of emergency patients, and is worth popularizing.

OBJECTIVE To establish drug utilization evaluation （DUE） criteria for pyrotinib to promote its appropriate application in clinical practice. METHODS Based on the label of Pyrotinib maleate tablets， with relevant guiding principles and diagnostic and treatment guidelines as the evaluation basis， DUE criteria for pyrotinib were determined through the Delphi method. Attribute hierarchical model （AHM） and entropy weight method （EWM） were used to combine and assign weights to each indicator within the DUE criteria. Additionally， the weighted technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution （TOPSIS） method was applied to perform rationality evaluation of medication in archived medical records from Hainan Provincial Tumor Hospital and Hainan Western Central Hospital regarding the use of pyrotinib from November 2019 to November 2023. RESULTS The established DUE criteria for pyrotinib included 4 primary indicators （prescription authority， indications for use， medication process， and medication outcomes） and 11 secondary indicators. The secondary indicators with higher weights were the route of administration and dosage （0.257） and indications in the label （0.241）. Among the 88 archived cases included， there were 28 cases of inappropriate medication （31.82%）， 43 cases of generally appropriate medication （48.86%）， and 17 cases of appropriate medication （19.32%）. The main issues related to inappropriate medication involved off-label use （42.05%） and inappropriate routes of administration and dosage （43.18%）. CONCLUSIONS DUE criteria for pyrotinib established using the AHM-EWM-weighted TOPSIS method is highly operational and results in quantifiable evaluation outcomes. The overall rationality of the use of pyrotinib in the above hospitals remains to be improved， and there are some issues， like the off-label use，and inappropriate routes of administration and dosage being liaoyylyy@163.com unreasonable.

[Objective] To compare the efficacy and safety of deglycerolized red blood cells (DRBC) and suspended red blood cells (SRBC) based on the propensity score matching (PSM) method, so as to provide evidence for the rational use of DRBC resources in clinical practice. [Methods] A total of 89 patients who received DRBC transfusion and 2 916 patients who received SRBC transfusion in our hospital from January 2023 to September 2024 were included. A 1∶1 nearest neighbor PSM was used to balance covariates such as gender, age, and body mass index (BMI). The changes of hemoglobin (Hb), red blood cell (RBC) count, hematocrit (HCT), and inflammatory markers such as white blood cell (WBC) count, neutrophil (NE) count, C-reactive protein (CRP), and Interleukin-6(IL-6) in the last 72 hours after transfusion were analyzed by SPSS 26.0 and R software to evaluate clinical efficacy and transfusion safety. [Results] The baseline of the two groups was balanced after PSM (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the total effective rate between the DRBC group (80.9%) and the SRBC group (86.5%) (P>0.05). In the SRBC group, WBC (×10 /L) increased from 9.634±6.742 to 10.147±6.835, CRP (mg/dL) increased from 5.468±4.647 to 6.174±6.114, and IL-6(pg/mL) decreased from 213.733±587.191 to 157.255±552.626. In the DRBC group, WBC (×10 /L) decreased from 11.123±7.880 to 11.011±8.549, CRP (mg/dL) decreased from 5.729±4.761 to 5.326±4.466, and IL-6(pg/mL) decreased from 238.806±639.060 to 152.255±266.558. Compared with the before treatment, the differences between the SRBC group and DRBC group were not statistically significant (P>0.05). Among all patients included in the statistics, the overall incidence of transfusion adverse reactions was 0.205% (6/2 916) in the SRBC group, and no adverse reactions occurred in the DRBC group. The incidence in the SRBC group was higher than that in the DRBC group. [Conclusion] Based on PSM analysis, there was no significant difference in the efficacy and safety of DRBC transfusion compared with SRBC transfusion, which can provide evidence-based support for routine application.

Radiochemotherapy-induced oral mucositis (OM) is a common oral complication in patients with tumors following head and neck radiotherapy or chemotherapy. Erosion and ulcers are the main features of OM that seriously affect the quality of life of patients and even the progress of tumor treatment. To date, differences in clinical prevention and treatment plans for OM have been noted among doctors of various specialties, which has increased the uncertainty of treatment effects. On the basis of current research evidence, this expert consensus outlines risk factors, clinical manifestations, clinical grading, ancillary examinations, diagnostic basis, prevention and treatment strategies and efficacy indicators for OM. In addition to strategies such as basic oral care, anti-inflammatory and analgesic agents, anti-infective agents, pro-healing agents, and photobiotherapy recommended in previous guidelines, we also emphasize the role of traditional Chinese medicine in OM prevention and treatment. This expert consensus aims to provide references and guidance for dental physicians and oncologists in formulating strategies for OM prevention, diagnosis, and treatment, standardizing clinical practice, reducing OM occurrence, promoting healing, and improving the quality of life of patients.
Humans ; Chemoradiotherapy/adverse effects* ; Consensus ; Risk Factors ; Stomatitis/etiology*

Objective To investigate the role and underlying mechanism of activating transcription factor 3(ATF3)in suppressing lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced autophagy and inflammatory responses in macrophages.Methods Firstly,the gene expression omnibus(GEO)database was used to analyze ATF3 expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs)from sepsis patients,and gene set enrichment analysis(GSEA)was performed to identify enriched signaling pathways.Secondly,RAW264.7 macrophages were divided into a blank control group and an LPS-stimulated group(100 ng/mL LPS).Western blotting and immunofluorescence assay were used to detect ATF3 protein expression and observe its subcellular localization,respectively.Lentiviral transduction was used to generate ATF3 knockdown and overexpression cell lines to evaluate their effects on cytokine release and bacterial clearance.Cleavage Under Targets and Tagmentation(CUT&Tag)sequencing was employed to identify downstream target genes transcriptionally regulated by ATF3.Furthermore,the impact of ATF3 knockdown or overexpression on autophagy-related gene 5(ATG5),autophagy-related gene 16-like 1(ATG16L1),and autophagy levels was evaluated.Results GEO analysis revealed that ATF3 expression was significantly elevated in PBMCs from sepsis patients(P<0.01),and GSEA showed significant enrichment of autophagy-related and inflammation-related pathways(P<0.01).In RAW264.7 cells,100 ng/mL LPS stimulation significantly increased ATF3 expression in the nucleus than the blank control group(P<0.01).ATF3 knockdown led to increased secretions of TNF-α and IL-6 and enhanced bacterial clearance of macrophages(P<0.01),whereas ATF3 overexpression significantly suppressed TNF-α and IL-6 releases,and remained bacterial clearance at a low level when compared with the conditions in the negative control(NC)group(P<0.01).CUT&Tag results demonstrated that ATF3 was enriched at the promoter regions of key autophagy genes Atg5 and Atg16l1.Compared with the NC group,ATF3 knockdown significantly up-regulated the protein levels of LC3-II/I,ATG5,and ATG16L1 while decreased p62 expression(P<0.01).Conversely,ATF3 overexpression inhibited the expression of LC3-II/I,ATG5,and ATG16L1(P<0.01),but had no significant effect on p62 level.Conclusion Sepsis induces elevated ATF3 expression in macrophages,and suppresses autophagic activity and down-regulates pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6,which probably mediated by ATF3 regulating transcription of ATG5 and ATG16L1,suggesting ATF3 as a potential therapeutic target for autophagy-inflammation imbalance.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of electroacupuncture for stress urinary incontinence(SUI)in rats.Methods A total of 30 rats were randomly divided into three groups:normal group,model group,and electroacupuncture group[electroacupuncture at Shenshu(BL23)and Huiyang(BL35)acupoints],with 10 rats per group.Except for the normal group,a SUI model was established in the other two groups.After grouping interventions,the following assessments including sneeze test,urodynamic parameter measurements(including intravesical pressure),serum levels of lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)and creatine kinase(CK)were conducted,urethral histopathological change was detected by hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining,and Western Blot was used to detect protein expression of transforming growth factor β1(TGF-β1),Smad2,Smad3,Smad7,typeⅠ collagen(Col Ⅰ),and type Ⅲ collagen(Col Ⅲ)in urethral tissues.Results Compared with the normal group,the model group exhibited significant increases in the number of sneeze test-positive rats,urine volume,residual urine volume,and serum LDH and CK levels,and protein expression of urethral Smad2 and Smad3,moreover,the model group showed significant decreases in urodynamic parameters[maximum bladder capacity(MBC),leak point pressure(LPP),abdominal leak point pressure(ALPP)],voiding efficiency,and protein expression of urethral TGF-β1,Smad7,ColⅠand Col Ⅲ,the differences being statistically significant(P＜0.05).In comparison to the model group,the electroacupuncture group demonstrated significant reductions in sneeze test-positive rats,urine volume,residual urine volume,serum LDH and CK levels,and protein expression of urethral Smad2 and Smad3,additionally,the electroacupuncture group displayed significant improvements in urodynamic parameters(MBC,LPP,ALPP)and voiding efficiency,upregulation of protein expression of urethral TGF-β1,Smad7,Col Ⅰ and Col Ⅲ,the differences being statistically significant(P＜0.05).Conclusion Electroacupuncture may ameliorate SUI by activating the TGF-β1/Smad pathway to promote pelvic collagen synthesis and reduce urethral injury,thus improving urinary function.

【Objective】 To investigate the differential diagnosis of 1 anti-C, e alloantibodies combined with anti-e, Jk^b mimicking alloantibodies by absorption-elution test and titer integral method. 【Methods】 ABO, Rh and Kidd blood group antigens were identified by tube method. Two sets of panel cells were used for antibody screening and antibody specificity identification by saline method, polyamine method and microcolumn gel method.The antibody was further confirmed by multiple absorption-elution tests and titer integral method. RHCE and JK gene were sequenced by multiple PCR. 【Results】 Serological gene sequencing analysis showed that the ABO blood group of the patient was A type with Rh subtype ccDEE and was positive for direct antiglobulin test (DAT). Multiple absorption-elution tests and titer integral method demonstrated that the serum of the patient contained anti-C, e alloantibodies along with anti-e, Jk^b mimicking autoantibodies and there were anti-e, Jk^b mimicking autoantibodies on red blood cells(RBCs). According to gene sequencing analysis, there was G>C at exon 676 of the RHCE gene, and the remaining exons were not mutated, suggesting that the RHCE phenotype was ccEE. The 838 G/A heterozygote of exon 9 in JK gene, Jk blood group phenotype was Jk (a+ b+ ). Cross matched type A ccDEE and Jk(a+ b-) RBCs were transfused, and no adverse reactions occurred. 【Conclusion】 Serology combined with molecular biology to identify the phenotype of the patient′s RBCs, absorption-elution test and titer integral method to identify the antibody of the patient′s serum can detect the alloantibody type, thus providing strategies for targeted blood transfusion.

Background::Breast cancer is ranked among the most prevalent malignancies in the Chinese female population. However, comprehensive reports detailing the latest epidemiological data and attributable disease burden have not been extensively documented.Methods::In 2018, high-quality cancer surveillance data were recorded in 700 population-based cancer registries in China. We extracted data on female breast cancers (International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision [ICD-10]: C50) and estimated the incidence and mortality in 2022 according to the baseline data and corresponding trends from 2010 to 2018. Pathological types were classified according to the ICD for Oncology, 3rd Edition codes. Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were calculated as the sum of the years of life lost (YLLs) and years lived with disability (YLDs).Results::In 2022, approximately 357,200 new female breast cancer cases and 75,000 deaths occurred in China, accounting for 15.59% and 7.94% of total new cancer cases and deaths, respectively. The age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) was 33.04 per 100,000. When analyzed by pathological type, the ASIRs for papillary neoplasms, invasive breast carcinoma, rare and salivary gland-type tumors, and other types were 1.13, 29.79, 0.24, and 1.88 per 100,000, respectively. The age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) was 6.10 per 100,000. A total of 2,628,000 DALYs were found to be attributable to female breast cancer in China, comprising 2,278,300 YLLs and 349,700 YLDs. The ASIR, ASMR, and age-standardized rate (ASR) for DALYs in urban areas were consistently higher than those in rural areas. We observed a four-fold increase in the ASIR and ASR for DALYs and an eight-fold increase in the ASMR among females over 55 years compared with those aged under 55 years.Conclusion::These data provide invaluable insights into the latest epidemiology of female breast cancer in China and highlight the urgency for disease prevention and control strategy formulation.