Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and incidence trend of mumps in Nantong City from 2016 to 2023, and to provide a basis for scientific prevention and control. Methods Descriptive statistical analysis was conducted on monthly mumps incidence data in Nantong City from 2016 to 2023, and a SARIMA model was constructed to predict the incidence trend. Results A total of 3 928 mumps cases were reported in Nantong City from 2016 to 2023, with an average annual incidence rate of 6.36/100 000. Cases predominantly occurred during April–July and September–December, showing seasonal peaks. The male-to-female ratio was 1.43:1. The cases were concentrated in individuals aged ≤15 years (85.57%), primarily students, children in childcare settings, and scattered children (88.31%). The optimal model constructed by the SPSS Expert Modeler was SARIMA(1,0,0)(0,1,1)₁₂, predicting an epidemic peak of mumps in Nantong City from September to November in the second half of 2024. Conclusion From 2016 to 2023, mumps incidence in Nantong City has shown an overall downward trend with a seasonal bimodal distribution. Males had higher incidence rates than females, and cases were predominantly students, kindergartens and scattered children, highlighting the need to strengthen mumps prevention in schools and childcare institutions. The SARIMA model is suitable for short to medium term prediction of mumps in Nantong City. A minor peak is predicted to occur in the second half of 2024 (September–November). It is necessary to strengthen the epidemic surveillance of mumps and vaccination of age-eligible children.

The incidence rate of hepatic fibrosis remains at a high level， and there is still a lack of specific therapeutic drugs， posing a serious threat to human health. As a type of natural active components widely present in plants， flavonoids have multiple physiological functions such as antioxidant， anti-inflammatory， and anti-fibrotic activities， and a large number of studies have confirmed the anti-hepatic fibrosis effect of flavonoids. As for the mechanism of action， flavonoids can target the functions of hepatic stellate cells by inhibiting their proliferation and differentiation， promoting their apoptosis， regulating the level of autophagy， reducing the formation of extracellular matrix， and regulating iron metabolism in hepatic stellate cells， and meanwhile， they can inhibit chronic liver inflammatory response， improve oxidative stress status， regulate intestinal flora balance， and block epithelial-mesenchymal transition， thereby blocking the progression of fibrosis through multiple dimensions. At the level of signaling pathways， flavonoids mainly exert an anti-fibrotic effect by regulating the abnormal activation of the signaling pathways such as transforming growth factor-β1/Smad， Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription， nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2， nuclear factor-kappa B， phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B， mitogen-activated protein kinase， Wnt/β-catenin， and adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase. This article summarizes the research advances in the anti-fibrotic effect of flavonoids， in order to provide a theoretical basis for further exploring their medicinal potential.

Hereditary liver diseases refer to liver metabolic disorders caused by gene mutations. The existing clinical treatments are mostly symptomatic therapies，delaying liver damage and improving patients' lives. With the development of gene therapy technology，it has become possible to treat genetic diseases by modifying known gene mutations. This review briefly introduces several common gene therapies（including recombinant adeno-associated virus vectors，CRISPR/Cas9，antisense oligonucleotides，lipid nano particle-mRNA），and discusses the latest research progress，ongoing challenges and potential solutions of gene therapy for hereditary liver diseases through the relevant preclinical studies and drug clinical trials of hereditary liver diseases. In order to promote the further development of gene therapy and provide reference for the treatment of other complex diseases.

The S100 calcium-binding protein family member A16(S100A16)exhibits differential expression in various malignant tumors and plays a critical role in tumor progression,including effects on tumor cell proliferation,apoptosis,adhesion,epithelial-mesenchymal transition,migration,and invasion.Its aberrant expression is associated with adverse clinical outcomes,making it a potential prognostic biomarker.Fur-thermore,S100A16 is closely linked to the infiltration of immune cells within the tumor microenvironment,contributing to the establish-ment of an immunosuppressive state.The expression level of S100A16 in tumor-associated endothelial cells may also correlate with the formation of an inhibitory immune microenvironment.Additionally,S100A16 has been implicated in tumor chemotherapy resistance.This review summarizes recent advances in our understanding of the mechanisms by which S100A16 contributes to different types of tumors,its regulatory effects on the tumor immune microenvironment,and its role in drug treatment resistance.The aim of this review is to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of tumor prevention and treatment and provide a theoretical foundation for overcoming drug resistance in can-cer therapy.

Colorectal cancer(CRC)is a prevalent malignancy of the digestive tract in China;it exhibits aggressive progression that is closely associated with tumor microenvironment(TME)modulation.Tumor-associated macrophages,which are pivotal immunomodulatory com-ponents of the TME,demonstrate remarkable functional heterogeneity.Among these,secreted phosphoprotein 1-positive tumor-associated macrophages(SPP1+TAMs)represent a distinct subset with well-characterized protumorigenic properties.Evidence indicates that SPP1+TAMs exhibit a unique spatial distribution pattern in CRC tissues,with pronounced enrichment at the invasive tumor front and metastatic niches.Through the secretion of SPP1 and other effector molecules,this subset orchestrates multifaceted oncogenic processes,including tumor cell adhesion,migration,angiogenesis,and metastatic dissemination.This review systematically elucidates the spatial distribution,molecular reg-ulatory mechanisms,and clinical implications of SPP1+TAMs in CRC,thereby providing a theoretical foundation for developingnovel diagnost-ic biomarkers and targeted therapeutic strategies.

Objective To explore the effect of microRNA-381-3p(miR-381-3p)/MuRF1 axis on cardiopulmonary injury in hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension(HPH)mice and its potential mechanisms.Methods Sixty mice were randomly assigned to four groups:the normal control group(NC),the hypobaric hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension(HPH)group,the HPH+agomir control group and the HPH+miR-381-3p agomir analog group(HPH+miR-381-3p agomir),with 15 mice in each group.The HPH mouse model was established using a low-pressure and hypoxic artificial chamber.Three weeks prior to the establishment of the HPH model,miR-381-3p agomir and its corresponding control agomir were prepared by dissolving them in RNA-free phosphate-buffered saline(PBS)according to the experimental requirements.These solutions were administered via tail vein injection at a dose of 10 mg/kg,twice weekly for three consecutive weeks.Right heart function was assessed using echocardiography.Right ventricular systolic pressure(RVSP)was measured via cardiac catheterization.Pulmonary vascular remodeling was evaluated through hematoxylin and eosin(HE)staining.Levels of inflammatory cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Real-time quantitative fluorescent PCR(RT-qPCR)was employed to analyze the mRNA expression levels of miR-381-3p and MuRF1.Potential targets of miR-381-3p were predicted,and pathway enrichment analysis was conducted.A dual-luciferase reporter gene assay was performed to confirm the direct regulatory effect of miR-381-3p on MuRF1.Results Compared with the NC group,the mRNA expression of miR-381-3p was significantly decreased in both the HPH group and the HPH+agomir control group,whereas the mRNA expression of MuRF1 was significantly increased(P＜0.05).In contrast,compared with the HPH group and the HPH+agomir control group,the mRNA expression of miR-381-3p was significantly increased in the HPH+miR-381-3p agomir group,while the mRNA expression of MuRF1 was significantly decreased(P＜0.05).Additionally,compared with the NC group,RVSP,right ventricular anterior wall thickness(RVAW),right ventricular hypertrophy index(RVHI),right ventricular collagen volume fraction(CVF),distal pulmonary artery wall thickness ratio(WT),pulmonary artery wall area ratio(WA),as well as IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α levels in alveolar lavage fluid were significantly increased in the HPH group and the HPH+agomir control group,whereas the right ventricular diameter(RVID)was significantly decreased(P＜0.05).Conversely,compared with the HPH group and the HPH+agomir control group,RVSP,RVAW,RVHI,right ventricular CVF,WT,Wa and RVID were decreased in the HPH+miR-381-3p agomir group,and IL-1β,IL-6,and TNF-α levels of alveolar lavage fluid were significantly decreased(P＜0.05).Furthermore,the downstream target genes of miR-381-3p were predicted in the database,and MuRF1 was a potential target,and the Cytoskeleton in muscle cells ranked first in the significant enrichment of target genes.Compared with WT-MuRF1+mimic control group,the luciferase activity was decreased in the WT-MuRF1+miR-381-3p mimic group(P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in the luciferase activity between the Mut-MuRF1+mimic control group and the Mut-MuRF1+miR-381-3p mimic group.Conclusion Overexpression of miR-381-3p can improve cardiopulmonary injury in HPH mice,and the mechanism may be related to the targeted inhibition of MuRF1 by miR-381-3p.

Objective:To investigate the ability to diagnose, treat and manage kidney disease in Shanghai community health service centers.Methods:This was a cross-sectional survey. An online questionnaire survey was conducted in November 2023 among 248 Shanghai community health service centers and 2 140 general practitioners in Shanghai. The main topics of the institutional research were the kidney disease-related inspection items that medical institutions could carry out, the kidney disease diagnosis and treatment drugs, the kidney disease grass-roots management training, the opening of kidney disease clinics and the establishment of kidney disease standard diagnosis and treatment records. The main topics of the survey of general practitioners were general information, standardized diagnosis and management measures of kidney disease, knowledge based on the diagnosis and treatment guidelines of chronic kidney disease, and difficulties in standardized management of kidney disease.Results:Among the laboratory examination items in Shanghai community health service centers, the rates of routine urine (99.60%, 247 centers), renal function (95.16%, 236 centers) and urinary microalbumin (89.11%, 229 centers) were high. Among the imaging examinations, B-ultrasound of urinary system had the highest rate (92.34%, 229 centers). The preparation rate of kidney disease drugs varied widely among the centers, and the preparation rate of Chinese drugs such as Jinshuibao, nephritis Kangfu tablet and Shenshuaining was more than 90%. Sixty-six (26.61%) community health service centers had established kidney disease clinics. The overall accuracy rate of community general practitioners was 63.81% (13 656/21 400), of which the accuracy rate for diagnosis and screening method, referral indication and emergency dialysis indication was more than 85%, but the accuracy rate for drug treatment and careful medication was low at 28.93% (1 238/4 280) and 33.22% (711/2 140), respectively. There was a willingness for Community general practitioners to provide all aspects of life guidance for patients with kidney disease, but for patients with end-stage renal disease replacement therapy, there was a preference for this to be provided by the appropriate specialist.Conclusions:The community health service centers in Shanghai has already had the basic conditions for the management of kidney disease in terms of basic examination and testing equipment, drugs, etc. The community general practitioners have a certain knowledge of kidney disease, and the drug treatment needs to be strengthened.

Objective To explore the correlation of complex inflammation indexes,neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio(NLR)and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio(PLR)with the severity of acute ische-mic stroke(AIS).Methods A total of 278 patients with brain MRI-confirmed AIS admitted in our department between March 2018 and September 2023 were enrolled retrospectively,and according to the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS)score at admission,they were divided into a mild stroke group(NIHSS score≤3,n=157)and a moderate-severe stroke group(NIHSS score＞3,n=121).Clinical data and results of laboratory tests at admission were collec-ted,and NLR and PLR were calculated.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the association of NLR and PLR with AIS severity.Results Compared with the mild stroke group,the moderate-severe stroke group had significantly older age,larger proportions of atrial fibrillation and pre-morbid Modified Rankin Scale(mRS)score＞1,higher NLR and PLR,and higher ratio of culprit large vessel stenosis,and a lower rate of transient ischemic attack(TIA)(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that TIA(95％CI:0.017-0.455,P=0.004)was a protective factor,and pre-morbid mRS＞1(95％CI:1.451-6.700,P=0.004),NLR(95％CI:1.041-1.346,P=0.010)and culprit large vessel stenosis(95％CI:1.370-4.415,P=0.003)were risk factors for the severity of AIS.Conclusion Inflammation is involved in the pathogenesis of AIS,and the complex inflammatory index,NLR may be an inde-pendent risk factor for the severity of AIS.

Acute pancreatitis(AP)is a frequently encountered acute abdominal syndrome in clinical settings,and the integrated model of traditional Chinese and Western medicine(TCM-WM)has demonstrated notable advantages in the diagnosis and treatment of AP.To systematize and standardize clinical practices related to develop clinical pathway for integrated TCM-WM diagnosis and treatment of AP,which enhances the efficiency and quality of patient care.This pathway focuses on AP,a common acute and life-threatening disease within the digestive system,and outlines that the central pathological mechanism involves pancreatic injury and localized inflammation resulting from the abnormal activation of pancreatic enzymes.It has the characteristics of rapid onset,multiple causes,and complex manifestations.Severe cases can be life-threatening.At present,conventional treatments encompass a diverse range of modalities.Moreover,traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)holds distinct advantages in alleviating relevant symptoms,and TCM-WM is gaining increasing prevalence.To enhance the standardization and consistency of diagnostic and therapeutic practices,this clinical pathway clearly delineates the target patient population,which includes individuals diagnosed with abdominal pain disorder according to TCM and with AP in accordance with WM criteria,as well as the corresponding inclusion standards.The diagnostic framework integrates both TCM and WM guidelines,and further incorporates disease staging,severity grading,and syndrome differentiation to support a comprehensive and integrated diagnostic strategy.The treatment integrates approaches from both TCM and WM.Within the WM framework,interventions consist of basic supportive care,infection control,nutritional support,and the management of complications.In the context of TCM,the protocol includes syndrome differentiation and corresponding therapeutic strategies(Distinct syndrome patterns are identified and managed during the acute and convalescent phases),such as acupuncture and retention enema.This clinical pathway addresses multiple key components,including preventive strategies,post-treatment follow-up,criteria for evaluating therapeutic efficacy,admission and discharge,admission examination protocols,discharge criteria,and the rationale for deviations or withdrawal from the pathway.It is designed to provide a systematic and standardized reference framework for relevant clinical practices.

Objective:To investigate whether spectacle lens wear affects the exophthalmometry values (EVs) on myopia and explore the risk factors for EVs in myopia.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted.A total of 935 university freshmen (935 eyes) who received eye examinations were enrolled from September to December 2019.Anterior segments were examined by slit lamp microscopy.EVs were measured with a Hertel exophthalmometer.Non-cycloplegia auto-refraction, lensometer test, visual acuity test and subjective refraction were performed on all subjects.Ocular biometric parameters including axial length (AL) and average corneal radius (CR) were obtained by Lenstar 900.A 1∶1 propensity score matching (PSM) was performed between the spectacle group and the non-spectacle group to compare the differences in EVs and visual acuity.Linear regression was used to analyze the effect of different factors on the EVs in all myopic students.This study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki.The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital (No.2021KY-16).Written informed consent was obtained from each subject.Results:The mean EVs of students was (14.03±1.87)mm.There were significant differences in the distribution of myopia severity between the spectacle group and non-spectacle group before matching ( χ2=345.800, P<0.001), and after PSM, the baseline characteristics of the two groups were well balanced with good comparability.After PSM, there was no significant difference in EVs between the spectacle group and non-spectacle group ([13.93±1.87]mm vs.[13.66±1.85]mm; t=1.140, P=0.25), and the spectacle group had better visual acuity of 1.0(0.8, 1.0) than 0.4(0.2, 0.8) in non-spectacle group, with a statistically significant difference ( Z=-8.450, P<0.001).Multivariate linear regression showed that EVs increased by 0.06 mm for every 1 D increase in spherical equivalent towards myopia ( β=-0.06, 95% CI: -0.11--0.01, P=0.03), and EVs increased by 0.17 mm for every 1 mm increase in AL ( β=0.17, 95% CI: 0.06-0.28, P<0.01).Average CR did not influence EVs significantly ( β=0.07, 95% CI: -0.10-0.24, P=0.43). Conclusions:Wearing spectacles may not affect the EVs and not wearing spectacle may affect visual acuity in myopic patients.The higher the degree of myopia, the longer the AL, the higher the EVs may be.