In recent years, the rising prevalence of obesity and its associated metabolic syndromes has emerged as a critical global public health concern. Sustained weight loss exceeding 10% of total body weight has been shown to ameliorate obesity-related comorbidities, including type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and hepatic steatosis. Recently, the potential of brown adipose tissue (BAT) to improve metabolism has garnered significant attention. However, evidence regarding weight loss therapies that promote BAT activation remains limited in preclinical models and is even scarcer in clinical studies, partly due to the paucity of appropriate BAT assessment techniques. This review aims to explore the potential impact of various weight loss therapies on BAT, with the goal of providing novel insights and strategies for the treatment of obesity.

ObjectiveTo investigate whether intestinal deficiency of lanosterol synthase （LSS）， a key enzyme in cholesterol synthesis， influences the progression of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease （MASLD） by regulating intestinal cholesterol absorption and immune response. MethodsLSS heterozygous knockout （LSS^+/-） mice and wild-type （WT） controls were generated using CRISPR/Cas9 technology and fed either a high-fat diet （HFD） or regular chow （CHOW）. The model was validated by genotyping. Hepatic steatosis was assessed by HE and oil red O staining. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the localization and expression of NPC1L1 and CD36 proteins in the intestine. Western blot analysis was performed to measure JNK phosphorylation and TLR4 protein levels in intestinal tissues. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （qPCR） was employed to examine the mRNA expression of TLR4 and IL-6. ResultsLSS^+/- mice were successfully validated by genotyping and reduced intestinal LSS protein expression. HE and oil red O staining of liver sections showed that， compared with WT mice fed a CHOW diet， WT mice fed a HFD exhibited a marked increase in hepatic lipid vacuoles. In contrast， compared with HFD-fed WT mice， HFD-fed LSS^+/- mice displayed significantly attenuated hepatic lipid deposition and reduced serum ALT levels （P<0.05）. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that， compared with WT mice， the expression of the cholesterol absorption protein NPC1L1 in the intestinal villi of LSS^+/- mice was downregulated under both CHOW and HFD conditions （P_HFD<0.001）. Conversely， the expression of the fatty acid transporter CD36 was upregulated in the intestines of LSS^+/- mice （P_CHOW<0.05， P_HFD<0.01）. Western blot analysis demonstrated that， compared with WT mice， TLR4 protein expression in the intestines of LSS^+/- mice significantly increased under both CHOW and HFD conditions （both P<0.05）. JNK phosphorylation level was significantly elevated in LSS^+/- mice under CHOW condition （both P<0.05）. Under HFD condition， total JNK protein expression increased， but its phosphorylation level showed no significant change. qPCR analysis showed that， compared with WT mice， the mRNA levels of TLR4 （P_CHOW<0.01， P_HFD<0.000 1） and IL-6 （P_CHOW<0.001， P_HFD<0.01） were significantly upregulated in the intestines of LSS^+/-mice. ConclusionLSS deficiency counteracts hepatic lipid deposition by orchestrating a synergistic reprogramming involving restricted intestinal cholesterol absorption， enhanced fatty acid utilization， and activation of immune pathways， suggesting intestinal LSS as a potential therapeutic target of MASLD.

The increasing prevalence of myopia has become one of the major global public health issues.Current myopia control measures, such as orthokeratology lenses, defocus spectacles, soft defocus contact lenses, low-concentration atropine eye drops all have limitations.Repeated low-level red light (RLRL) therapy emerging in recent years has become one of the treatments for childhood myopia.Multiple clinical studies have shown that RLRL irradiation can inhibit the rapid progression of myopia in children and adolescents.Recently, a research report titled Cone Density Changes After Repeated Low- Level Red Light Treatment in Children With Myopia, which has sparked widespread discussion among parents of myopic children.The main purpose of this article is to conduct a detailed analysis of the research methods and results, and to explore whether the conclusion can be drawn that RLRL affects the density of macular cone cells in myopic children.

Objective To explore the effect of artificial pleural effusion combined with radiofrequency ablation in patients with phrenic top liver cancer.Methods A total of 92 patients with liver tumors at top of the diaphragm were prospectively selected and divided into the control group(46 cases,radiofrequency ablation)and the observation group(46 cases,radiofrequency ablation+artificial pleural effusion)by the random number table method.Clinical outcomes one month after treatment,time to first surgical ablation,serum alpha-fetoprotein(AFP)levels and complications before treatment and one month after treatment were compared.Both groups were followed up for 2 years after the operation,and survival conditions of patients were compared.Results Enhanced MRI or enhanced CT at 1 month after surgery in the 2 groups showed that the complete tumor ablation rate was lower in the control group than that in the observation group(76.09%vs.93.48%,P＜0.05).The surgical ablation time of the observation group was shorter than that of the control group[(9.64±1.22)min vs.(11.15±1.47)min,P＜0.05].The survival rates were higher in the observation group than those in the control group at 1 year(82.61%vs.58.70%)and 2 years(71.74%vs.47.83%)after treatment(P＜0.05).Serum AFP levels decreased in both groups after treatment,and those were lower in the observation group than those in the control group(P＜0.05).The total complication rate of the observation group was lower than that of the control group(8.70%vs.23.91%,P＜0.05).The follow-up period of 92 patients ranged from 7 to 29 months,with a mean of(20.17±4.61)months.The local tumor progression rate was higher in the control group than that in the observation group during the follow-up period(36.96%vs.10.87%,P＜0.05).Conclusion Artificial pleural effusion combined with radiofrequency ablation can effectively improve the clinical efficacy and survival rate of patients with liver cancer,reduce the level of serum AFP and decrease the occurrence of complications.

Objective To design a Five-Elements Music Software based on Traditional Chinese Medicine's(TCM)theory of five elements music therapy and music emotion classification.The software is intended to provide appropriate music selections tailored to the negative emotional states of cancer patients and evaluate its effectiveness in psychological rehabilitation.Methods ①Music screening and classification:Qualitative analysis was used by six experts in TCM,psychology,nursing,and musicology to screen five elements music and classify corresponding emotional categories.②Software design and development:Based on screening and classification of music materials,design and develop a"Five Elements Music Software Based on Emotion Classification".③Software application evaluation:Recruit 50 cancer patients from the"Beijing Anti Cancer Paradise"as participants to have a trial listening experience with music software,and fill out a satisfaction questionnaire to evaluate its application effect.Results This study established a music database containing 150 pieces of five-elements musical tunes and completed the classification of emotional categories.Among the included subjects,80%of the recruited objects were satisfied with the experience of the five elements music software,of which the application experience of female patients was significantly better than that of male patients,and breast cancer patients were better than other cancer patients,with a statistically significant difference(P<0.05).The five elements music Software in clinic showed comparing with other two groups after four weeks,there was a significant difference for HAMD when comparing five elements music software group and the other two groups(P<0.05).Conclusion The five-element music software designed based on emotion classification effectively meets the psychological rehabilitation needs of cancer patients.It provides appropriate music selections and convenient listening method to regulate cancer-related negative emotions,extending psychological rehabilitation from the hospital to the home.

Objective To investigate the predictive value of bone metabolism parameters on cardiac autonomic nervous system function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Methods A total of 328 patients with T2DM hospitalized in the Department of Endocrinology of Gansu Provincial People's Hospital were enrolled in this study from October 2022 to October 2023.According to the serum 25(OH)D level,all the participants were divided into<10 ng/ml group(n=80),10～20 ng/ml group(n=173),and 20～30 ng/ml group(n=75).Biochemical indicators,bone metabolic parameters,left ventricular mass(LVM)and left ventricular mass index(LVMI)were compared.Time domain indicators ofheart rate variability(HRV)in 24 h holter electrocardiogram,including the global standard deviation of normal sinus RR interval(SDNN),sinus RR interval mean standard deviation(SDANN),and normal continuous sinus RR interval difference root mean square(RMSSD).Meanwhile,adjacent RR interval difference>50 ms as a percentage of the total inter-period(PNN50),HRV triangle index,standard deviation of the difference between the length of the entire adjacent NN interperiod(SDSD),and 24 h holter electrocardiogram HRV time-domain relevant indicators were compared among the three groups.The influence of bone metabolism parameters on cardiac autonomic nervous function and their correlation were analyzed,and the optimal cutting point of cardiac autonomic nervous function was predicted by receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve.Results SBP,heart rate(HR),FPG,PWV,PTH and β-CTX in groups of 10 ng/ml,10～20 ng/ml and 20～30 ng/ml decreased in turn(P<0.05),while HDL-C,ABI,25(OH)D,Ca2+and PNN50 decreased.Correlation analysis between Spearman and Pearson showed that 25(OH)D was positively correlated with SDNN,HRV triangle index,PNN50 and rMSSD(P<0.01).Logistic regression analysis showed that 25(OH)D,Ca2+and HR were the influencing factors of cardiac autonomic nervous dysfunction in patients with T2DM.The ROC curve analysis showed that the areas under the ROC curve of 25(OH)D,Ca2+and HR were 0.791,0.607 and 0.629,respectively,with sensitivity of 73.4%,53.2%and 38.7%,and specificity of 74.0%,93.6%and 81.4%,respectively.Conclusions 25(OH)D is the influencing factor of cardiac autonomic nervous dysfunction in patients with T2DM,and patients with high degree of deficiency are more prone to cardiac autonomic nervous dysfunction.

Objective To perform an economic evaluation of ilaprazole in the treatment of patients with peptic ulcer bleeding and low-risk stigmata,and to provide a reference for drug selection.Methods From a societal perspective,we used decision analysis to evaluate the cost and effectiveness of ilaprazole and omeprazole in treating peptic ulcer bleeding patients dur-ing hospital stays.The probabilities of model nodes were taken from phase Ⅲ clinical trial research results,while cost data came from national medical insurance prices,published literature,and hospital databases.Sensitivity analysis and scenario analysis were performed to test the stability of the results.Results A cost minimization analysis was performed.Under the basic setting,the cost of the ilaprazole group was 4 038.99 yuan,and that of the omeprazole group was 3 837.61 yuan,which means that the cost of the ilaprazole group was 201.38 yuan higher.Sensitivity analysis showed that the results were stable.Scenario analysis showed that ilaprazole was more cost-effective than the innovator drug of omeprazole.Conclusion Ilaprazole was less economical than ome-prazole in the treatment of peptic ulcer bleeding patients with low-risk stigmata.

Objective:To study the risk factors and the molecular epidemiology characteristics for Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae(CRE) colonization in neonatal inpatients in Shenzhen region, China, which provide reference for the prevention and control of clinical CRE infection.Methods:This study is a prospective case-control study.Anal samples from inpatients between January 2023 and December 2023 at Longgang Maternity and Child Institute of Shantou University Medical College and Shenzhen Children's Hospital were collected for screening CRE strain. Drug susceptibility test, modified Carbapenem Inactivation Method (mCIM) test, drug resistance-related gene sequencing and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) were performed for isolated CRE strains.Meanwhile, the clinical data were collected for analyzing the risk factors of CRE intestinal colonization by multivariate regression analysis.Results:A total of 1 517 patients were screened, 26 CRE(1.7%, 26/1 517) were identified which including 14 Escherichia coli(53.8%, 14/26), 11 Klebsiella pneumoniae(42.3%, 11/26), 1 Enterobacter cloacae(3.9%, 1/26). The predominant carbapenemase gene was New Delhi Metallo(NDM) (92.4%, 24/26), followed by Imipenem (IMP) (3.8%, 1/26) and Guiana extended spectrum gene (GES) (3.8%, 1/26).Among the carried NDM resistance genes, New Delhi Metallo 5 (NDM5) was the main one, accounting for 84.6% (22/26).The MLST typing of Escherichia coli was mainly Sequence Type 48 (ST48) (6/14), while that of Klebsiella pneumoniae was mainly Sequence Type 35 (ST35) (10/11). All CRE isolates were resistant to penicillin, penicillinase inhibitors, cephalosporins, ertapenem and imipenem.The resistance rates of Escherichia coli to amikacin, levofloxacin was 1/14, 4/14, respectively. All isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae were sensitive to amikacin, and the resistance rate to levofloxacin is 1/11. Risk factors for CRE colonization include the older age, length of hospital stay, tracheal intubation, invasive respiration, lumbar puncture, Apgar <7 score, and exposure to antibiotics.Conclusions:NDM5 is the predominant resistant gene in CRE isolated from neonatal patients feces in Shenzhen region.It is necessary to strengthen the screening of CRE colonization in neonate for prevention and control of CRE infection.

Objective To construct a Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase Ⅱ(CaMKⅡ)long-fragment fusion protein plasmid;investigate the expression,extraction,and purification of CaMK Ⅱ;and identify its binding to the Cav1.2 channel.Methods The extracted pGEX-6p-1/CaMK Ⅱ long-fragment plasmid was transformed into Escherichia coli BL21 receptor cells and cultured in a shaking incubator for 12 h.Isopropyl β-D-thiogalactoside was added to promote GST fusion protein expression.Next,the GST-CaMK Ⅱ long frag-ment was isolated and purified with GS-4B using dithiothreitol(DTT)combined with ultrasonic crushing.After treatment with the PreScis-sion protease,the GST label was removed to obtain the CaMK Ⅱ long-fragment protein.The molecular weight and relative purity of the CaMKⅡ long-fragment protein were determined using 15％sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(SDS-PAGE).The concentration of the purified protein was determined using the Bradford method.The binding ability of the CaMK Ⅱ long-fragment pro-tein to the Cav1.2 channel protein was evaluated using the pull-down method combined with Western blotting.Results The sequencing results showed that the CaMK Ⅱ long fragment was successfully constructed.A CaMK Ⅱ long-fragment protein with high purity and con-centration was obtained using DTT combined with ultrasonic crushing.This protein can bind to the CT1 protein of cardiac Cav1.2 calcium channel.Conclusion In this study,we successfully constructed a CaMKⅡ long-fragment plasmid.The CaMKⅡ long-fragment protein was extracted and purified,and was determined to bind to Cav1.2 channel proteins and exhibit biological activity.Collectively,this study provides a basis for further study of the function of CaMK Ⅱ.

The increasing prevalence of myopia has become one of the major global public health issues.Current myopia control measures, such as orthokeratology lenses, defocus spectacles, soft defocus contact lenses, low-concentration atropine eye drops all have limitations.Repeated low-level red light (RLRL) therapy emerging in recent years has become one of the treatments for childhood myopia.Multiple clinical studies have shown that RLRL irradiation can inhibit the rapid progression of myopia in children and adolescents.Recently, a research report titled Cone Density Changes After Repeated Low- Level Red Light Treatment in Children With Myopia, which has sparked widespread discussion among parents of myopic children.The main purpose of this article is to conduct a detailed analysis of the research methods and results, and to explore whether the conclusion can be drawn that RLRL affects the density of macular cone cells in myopic children.