ObjectiveTo explore the potential mechanism of Changji'an Formula （肠激安方） on intestinal permeability for rats with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome （IBS-D） of liver depression and spleen deficiency syndrome by the microRNA-29b-3p （miR-29b-3p）/tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 3 （TRAF3）/nuclear factor-κB （NF-κB）/myosin light chain kinase （MLCK） axis. MethodsTwenty-four 1-day-old male Sprague-Dawley （SD） suckling rats were selected， and the IBS-D rat model of liver depression and spleen deficiency syndrome was established via a three-factor method，i.e. maternal separation plus acetic acid stimulation and restraint stress， for 6 consecutive weeks. After successful modeling， the rats were randomly divided into a model group， pinaverium bromide group， low-dose and high-dose Changji'an Formula groups， with 6 rats in each group. Another 6 age-matched non-modeled SD rats were included as the control group. The low-dose and high-dose Changji'an Formula groups were given intragastric administration of Changji'an Formula solution at doses of 16.74 g/（kg·d） and 33.48 g/（kg·d）， respectively； the pinaverium bromide group received intragastric administration of pinaverium bromide tablets at 0.018 g/（kg·d）； and the control group was given distilled water at 10 ml/（kg·d） via intragastric gavage. The intervention was conducted once daily for 14 consecutive days. After the gavage treatment， the fecal water content of rats in each group was measured. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was used to detect the serum levels of intestinal permeability indicators， including D-lactic acid （D-LA）， diamine oxidase （DAO）， and lipopolysaccharide （LPS）. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction （qRT-PCR） was conducted to determine the mRNA expression levels of miR-29b-3p， TRAF3， tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， p65， p50， and MLCK in colonic tissues. Western Blot analysis was employed to detect the protein expression levels of TRAF3， TNF-α， p65， phosphorylated p65 （p-p65）， MLCK， myosin light chain （MLC）， phosphorylated MLC （p-MLC）， and tight junction proteins including junctional adhesion molecule-A （JAM-A）， Occludin， and Claudin-1 in colonic tissues. ResultsCompared with the control group， the model group exhibited significantly increased fecal water content and serum levels of D-LA， DAO， and LPS， along with decreased protein expression levels of JAM-A， Occludin， and Claudin-1 in colonic tissues （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Additionally， in the model group， the mRNA expression levels of miR-29b-3p， TNF-α， p65， p50， and MLCK in colonic tissues were up-regulated， while the mRNA and protein expression levels of TRAF3 were down-regulated； the protein levels of TNF-α and MLCK， as well as the ratios of p-p65/p65 and p-MLC/MLC， significantly elevated （P＜0.01）. Compared with the model group， all treatment groups showed reduced fecal water content and serum levels of D-LA， DAO， and LPS， along with down-regulated mRNA expression levels of miR-29b-3p， TNF-α， p65， p50， and MLCK， and up-regulated TRAF3 mRNA expression in colonic tissues. Moreover， the pinaverium bromide group and high-dose Changji'an Formula group presented increased protein levels of Occludin， Claudin-1， and TRAF3， as well as decreased protein levels of TNF-α and MLCK， and reduced ratios of p-p65/p65 and p-MLC/MLC in colonic tissues （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Compared with the low-dose Changji'an Formula group， the high-dose group had lower fecal water content and serum levels of DAO and LPS （P＜0.01）. In comparison with the pinaverium bromide group， the high-dose Changji'an Formula group showed a significant decrease in serum DAO level （P＜0.01）. ConclusionsChangji'an Formula can reduce intestinal permeability and restore intestinal barrier function in IBS-D rats of liver depression and spleen deficiency syndrome by regulating the miR-29b-3p/TRAF3/NF-κB/MLCK axis.

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli（ETEC）infection can induce watery diarrhea，leading to dehydration，electrolyte disturbance，and even death in severe cases. Recombinant B subunit/inactivated whole-cell cholera（rBS/WC）vaccine is effective in preventing ETEC infectious diarrhea. On the basis of the latest evidence on etiology and epidemiology of ETEC，as well as the effectiveness，safety，and health economics of rBS/WC vaccine，National Clinical Research Center for Child Health（The Children’s Hospital，Zhejiang University School of Medicine）and Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention invited experts to develop expert consensus on rBS/WC vaccine in prevention of ETEC infectious diarrhea. It aims to provide the clinicians and vaccination professionals with guidelines on using rBS/WC vaccine to reduce the incidence of ETEC infectious diarrhea.

Placental growth factor (PLGF) is isolated and purified from human placental complementary DNA (cDNA) library, and syncytiotrophoblast cells are the main synthesis site. PLGF can bind to tyrosinase receptors located in trophoblast cells and vascular endothelial cells, and regulate trophoblast cell proliferation through autocrine and paracrine regulation of angiogenesis, respectively. PLGF plays an extremely important role in the formation and development of the placenta during pregnancy. The abnormal secretion of PLGF is closely related to the occurrence and progression of pregnancy complications (such as pregnancy complicated with diabetes, hypertension in pregnancy, preeclampsia, etc.). In this paper, the structure, receptor, biological activity of PLGF and its relationship with normal pregnancy and pregnancy complications were reviewed to provide references for clinical guidance and auxiliary diagnosis of pregnancy complications.

OBJECTIVE: To establish reuse process of positive pressure powered air-filter protective hoods during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic. METHODS: The procedure of pretreatment, storage, recovery, cleaning, disinfection and sterilization process of positive pressure powered air-filter protective hoods, which were used in the treatment of COVID-19 infection patients was established in Central Sterile Supply Department of the hospital. The cleaning and disinfection effects of the protective hoods after treatment were examined by magnifying glass method, residual protein detection method, real-time PCR, and agar pour plate method. RESULTS: Twenty five used protective hoods underwent totally 135 times of washing, disinfecting and sterilizing procedures. After washing, all the protein residue tests and COVID-19 nucleic acid tests showed negative results. After sterilizing, all the protective hoods met sterility requirement. All the tested protective hoods were undamaged after reprocessing. CONCLUSIONS The established reuse procedures for used positive pressure powered air-filter protective hoods are safe.
Air Filters/virology* ; Betacoronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control* ; Disinfection/standards* ; Equipment Reuse/standards* ; Pandemics/prevention & control* ; Pneumonia, Viral/prevention & control* ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Sterilization/standards*

Objective: To explore the surgical methods for children with contracture deformity on hands after burn. Methods: From January 2014 to January 2018, 33 pediatric patients, a total of 42 hands with scar contracture deformities were reviewed. There were 24 males and 9 females, aged from 11 months to 6 years and 7 months. Among them, 20 hands were volar metacarpophalangeal joint contractures, 9 were volar interphalangeal joint contractures, 7 were dorsal metacarpophalangeal joint contractures (3 claw-shaped hands), 3 were hand back contractures, and 3 were palm contractures. Of the 42 hands, 36 hands were repaired with full-thickness skin grafts or split-thickness skin grafts, after the removal of contracted scar, and 6 hands were repaired with abdominal skin flaps, due to the tendon or bone exposure after the scar removal. Results: Skin grafts on 31 hands were all survived after 2 weeks. However, the survival area of 3 skin grafts was about 90%, and 2 skin grafts survived about 80%. All of them healed well after dressing changing. The 6 hands repaired with abdominal skin flap healed well too. After 1-2.5 years of follow-up, finger scar contracture occurred in 4 hands with skin grafting, and they were performed scar excision and sheet skin grafting. Three hands were treated with Z-plasty, due to web space contracture. The function of other hands were normal, without contracture or deformity. The skin color and texture were similar to the surrounding skin, with limited pigmented. Scars on the edge of skin grafts was not obvious. Patients and their families were satisfied. Conclusions The sheet skin graft is the main method for postburn scar contracture in children′s hands. The abdominal skin flap should be considered, if tendon or bone is exposed, especially for large wound or multiple sites.

Objective To investigate the MRI manifestations of pilomyxoid astrocytoma (PMA)at unusual sites and differential diagnosis in children.Methods The clinical and MRI data from 6 cases of PMA with atypical locations confirmed by surgery and pathology were analyzed retrospectively.Results 2 cases located at cerebral hemisphere,1 case at tegmentum mesencephali,1 case at medulla and 2 cases at cerebellar hemisphere.There were 4 cases of solid tumor and 2 case belonged to cystic-solid mass.5 cases were round or oval and 1 case was shallow lobulated.In addition,there were 2 cases with hemorrhage and 2 cases with peritumoral edema.T1WI showed hypointensity,isointense or slightly hyperintense while T2WI and fluid attented inversion recovery (FLAIR)exhibited isointensity or hyperintensity.After contrast administration,there were 3 cases of obvious multi-ring enhancement,of which 1 case showed astral enhancement of the mural nodules and the other 3 cases showed mild homogeneous or inhomogeneous enhancement.4 cases showed non-enhanced areas in the solid parts.No signs of leptomeningeal dissemination were found in all 6 cases.Conclusion The PMA at unuaual sites in children is primarily solid or cystic-solid,and the image manifestations of plain scan are varied.After enhancement,the tumors show obviously multi-circular enhancement and mild homogeneous or inhomogeneous enhancement could be observed,no enhancement areas are visible in the solid parts.It is noteworthy to distinguish this astrocytoma from other lesions.

OBJECTIVE:To establish the HPLC fingerprints for Sini decoction and compare the differences of compositions of Sini decoction prepared by traditional decoction and modern machine decoction. METHODS:HPLC was performed on the column of Kromasil C18 with mobile phase of acetonitrile-0.1% phosphoric acid(gradient elution)at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min,the detec-tion wavelength was 235 nm,column temperature was 30 ℃,and injection volume was 10 μl. The HPLC fingerprints of 10 batch-es of Sini decoction were determined with reference peak of liquiritin peaks,and common peak identification and similarity evalua-tion were conducted by using Chromatographic Fingerprint Similarity Evaluation System(2004 A edition). RESULTS:There were 18 common peaks and the similarity was no less than 0.982. According to the verification,the fingerprint of 10 batches of Sini de-coction showed good similarity with reference fingerprint,and the similarity of 10 batches of Sini decoction was high,which was prepared by the 2 methods. CONCLUSIONS:The established fingerprint is specific and stable,and can provide reference for quali-ty evaluation and control for Sini decoction;and there are no obvious differences in the main chemical compositions of Sini decoc-tion prepared by traditional decoction and modern machine decoction.

OBJECTIVE:To compare cost-effectiveness of Xiyanping injection and Ribavirin injection in the treatment of com-mon type hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) in children,and to provide evidence for rational drug use in the clinic. METHODS:The literatures about Xiyanping injection in the treatment of common type HFMD in children using Ribavirin injection as control were retrieved from CNKI,VIP,Wanfang,PubMed,Cochrane library and other databases. The decision tree was established with TreeAge Pro 2011 software to conduct cost-effectiveness analysis. Tornado diagram was used to analyze sensitive factors;single fac-tor and double factors sensitivity analysis were also conducted. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:The total cost of Xiyanping injection and Ribavirin injection were 2 887.53 and 3 058.72 yuan,respectively. The total effective rates were 92.49% and 78.12%. Xiyan-ping injection shows cost-effectiveness advantage. The results of cost-effectiveness analysis were supported by sensitivity analysis.

Objective To study the gene homology of intestinal colonized and infectious bacteria in ICU patients to provide the epidemiological and molecular biological basis for formulating the control measures of multi resistant bacterial hospital infection. Methods The multi-drug resistant colonized bacteria isolated from the anal swabs and the same multi-drug resistant bacteria isola-ted from the clinical samples in the same patients were matched.The Diversilab automatic repetitive extragenic palindromic(REP)-PCR typing system was adopted to analyze the gene homology of multi-drug resistant colonized bacteria and infectious bacteria in the intestinal tract.Results 4 pairs of multi-drug resistant colonized bacteria and the same multi-drug resistant bacteria isolated from the clinical samples on admission in the same patients were selected and performed the homology detection,2 pairs had the ho-mology and 2 pairs had no homology;4 pairs of multi-drug resistant colonized bacteria and the same multi-drug resistant bacteria isolated from the clinical samples in the patients with hospital infection were performed the homology detection,4 pairs all showed the homology.Conclusion The multi-drug resistant colonized bacteria and the infectious bacteria in ICU patients have the homolo-gy.The multi-drug resistant colonized bacteria can cause the occurrence of hospital infection,so their management should be strengthened in clinic.

Tumor associate macrophages ( TAMs) play a significant role in the interaction of tumor inflam-mative microenvironment and tumor cells .TAMs originate from monocytic precursors ,recruiting into tumor tissue by colony stimulating factor ( CSF) .This review summarized that TAMs promote tumor progression and metastasis though angiogenesis ,lymphogenesis , immunosuppression , matrix remodeling and affecting cancer stem cells .The article pointed that targeting TAMs is a new strategy for future tumor therapy .