The mental health management of laboratory animals is a critical factor in ensuring the reliability of scientific research data. However, due to the subtle nature of mental state alterations and the limitations of current assessment methods, the mental health of laboratory animals is often overlooked by researchers. Therefore, there is an urgent need to explore a new, objective, simple, and practical method for evaluating mental health. Stress, as a primary factor inducing alterations in the mental state of animals, can influence experimental results across multiple research fields through the neuroendocrine-immune network. This paper first elucidates the necessity of mental health management in laboratory animals from three perspectives: factors contributing to stress, neural mechanisms of stress, and research areas affected by stress. It highlights that excluding animals with abnormal mental states before experiments can enhance the efficiency and reproducibility of biomedical studies. Second, this paper briefly summarizes existing methods for assessing the health of laboratory animals, pointing out that approaches such as behavioral tests and metabolomics have many limitations in evaluating stress responses. Existing methods struggle to meet the demand for simple, objective, and non-invasive assessment methods in animal management. Therefore, this paper focuses on hair, a biological sample with the advantages of cumulative information and non-invasive collection, and systematically describes the theoretical basis and technological advances in using hair characteristics as indicators of stress responses from three perspectives: hair traits, the levels of substances in hair, and artificial intelligence (AI). It proposes and supports an innovative technical pathway that combines hair traits with AI-based image analysis, with the aim of offering an improved solution for non-invasive and objective stress assessment, while providing theoretical support for improving the health management system of laboratory animals.

ObjectiveTo compare the Children's Hepatic tumors International Collaboration （CHIC） and the new Chinese Children's Cancer Group （CCCG） hepatoblastoma （HB） risk stratification systems in terms of their prognostic prediction efficacy and chemotherapy guidance value for Chinese children with HB， aiming to identify the risk stratification system more suitable for Chinese HB patients. MethodsThis retrospective study analyzed the clinical data of 403 pediatric patients with HB aged ＜ 18 years who were initially diagnosed at The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University between February 2010 and September 2023. The prognostic predictive efficacy and chemotherapy-guided value of the CHIC and CCCG risk stratification systems was compared. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 27.0. Results①Using the new CCCG risk stratification， the 5-year event-free survival （EFS） rates for children who received versus did not receive risk-stratified chemotherapy according to the CCCG-HB-2016 protocol were 82.5% and 67.7% （P=0.002）， respectively， and the 5-year overall survival （OS） rates were 91.5% and 85.1% （P=0.038）. Using CHIC risk stratification， the corresponding 5-year EFS rates for children who received versus did not receive risk-stratified chemotherapy according to the CCCG-HB-2016 protocol were 80.3% and 68.5% （P=0.030）， and the 5-year OS rates were 90.9% and 85.8% （P=0.151）. ②Among children treated with the CCCG-HB-2016 protocol stratified by the new CCCG system， the 5-year EFS rates for the very low-risk （6 cases）， low-risk （20 cases）， intermediate-risk （61 cases）， and high-risk （69 cases） groups were 100%， 94.1%， 94.7%， and 66.2% （P＜0.001）， respectively， and the 5-year OS rates were 100%， 100%， 96.5%， and 82.0% （P=0.017）. Among children treated with the CCCG-HB-2016 protocol stratified by the CHIC system， the 5-year EFS rates for the very low-risk （32 cases）， low-risk （22 cases）， intermediate-risk （37 cases）， and high-risk （54 cases） groups were 93.8%， 95.2%， 76.1%， and 66.8% （P=0.003）， respectively， and the 5-year OS rates were 93.1%， 100%， 89.5%， and 85.6% （P=0.190）. ③For patients receiving CCCG-HB-2016 risk-stratified chemotherapy， the P-values for EFS comparisons between the CHIC and new CCCG systems within the very low-risk， low-risk， intermediate-risk， and high-risk groups were 0.537， 0.879， 0.023， and 0.934， respectively. Among patients who received stratified chemotherapy according to the CCCG-HB-2016 regimen， the intermediate-risk group in the new CCCG risk stratification system exhibited a significant advantage in 5-year event-free survival （EFS） compared with the intermediate-risk group in the CHIC risk stratification system （94.7% vs. 76.1%）. ConclusionCompared to the CHIC risk stratification， the new CCCG stratification may offer better prognostic prediction and guidance value for chemotherapy in Chinese HB patients， with the intermediate-risk group showing superior outcomes.

Purpose To investigate the role of combined immunohistochemical expression of SATB2 and p16 and pathological histomorphological features in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of atypical polypoid adenomyoma(APAM),myometrial infiltrating endometrioid carcinoma(MIEC)and interstitial fibrotic endometrial polyps(IFEP).Methods A total of 32 cases of APAM,20 cases of MIEC and 25 cases of IFEP were collected.The expression of SATB2 and p16 in the stromal cells of the three groups of cases was detected by immunohistochemical EnVision two-step method.Four morphological features were evaluated in the three groups:complex glandular structure,squamous and mulberry metaplasia,fibromuscular stroma and cellular atypia.Results The expression of SATB2 in the stroma of APAM(31/32)was significantly higher than that of MIEC(1/20)and IFEP(0/25),and the difference was statisti-cally significant.The expression of p16 in APAM(32/32)stroma was significantly higher than that in MIEC(3/20),and the difference was statistically significant,while compared with IFEP(21/25),the difference was not statistically significant.Histomorphological characteristics:compared with the MIEC group,APAM had obvious squamous and mul-berry metaplasia(APAM group 31/32,MIEC group 4/20),and the difference was statistically significant;However,there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of complex glandular structure(APAM group 22/32,MIEC group 20/20),fibromuscular stroma(APAM group 32/32,MIEC group 20/20),and cellular at-ypia(APAM group 32/32,MIEC group 20/20).Compared with the IFEP group,APAM had typical complex glandu-lar structure(APAM group 20/32,IFEP group 0/25),squamous and mulberry metaplasia(APAM group 32/32,IF-EP group 2/25),and cellular atypia(APAM group 32/32,IFEP group 0/25),and the difference was statistically sig-nificant.However,there was no statistically significant difference in fibromuscular stroma(APAM group 32/32,IFEP group 25/25)between the two groups.Conclusion The combined immunohistochemical analysis of SATB2 and p16 and histomorphological features is helpful for the diagnosis of APAM and the differential diagnosis of MIEC and IFEP.

Purpose To investigate the role of combined immunohistochemical expression of SATB2 and p16 and pathological histomorphological features in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of atypical polypoid adenomyoma(APAM),myometrial infiltrating endometrioid carcinoma(MIEC)and interstitial fibrotic endometrial polyps(IFEP).Methods A total of 32 cases of APAM,20 cases of MIEC and 25 cases of IFEP were collected.The expression of SATB2 and p16 in the stromal cells of the three groups of cases was detected by immunohistochemical EnVision two-step method.Four morphological features were evaluated in the three groups:complex glandular structure,squamous and mulberry metaplasia,fibromuscular stroma and cellular atypia.Results The expression of SATB2 in the stroma of APAM(31/32)was significantly higher than that of MIEC(1/20)and IFEP(0/25),and the difference was statisti-cally significant.The expression of p16 in APAM(32/32)stroma was significantly higher than that in MIEC(3/20),and the difference was statistically significant,while compared with IFEP(21/25),the difference was not statistically significant.Histomorphological characteristics:compared with the MIEC group,APAM had obvious squamous and mul-berry metaplasia(APAM group 31/32,MIEC group 4/20),and the difference was statistically significant;However,there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of complex glandular structure(APAM group 22/32,MIEC group 20/20),fibromuscular stroma(APAM group 32/32,MIEC group 20/20),and cellular at-ypia(APAM group 32/32,MIEC group 20/20).Compared with the IFEP group,APAM had typical complex glandu-lar structure(APAM group 20/32,IFEP group 0/25),squamous and mulberry metaplasia(APAM group 32/32,IF-EP group 2/25),and cellular atypia(APAM group 32/32,IFEP group 0/25),and the difference was statistically sig-nificant.However,there was no statistically significant difference in fibromuscular stroma(APAM group 32/32,IFEP group 25/25)between the two groups.Conclusion The combined immunohistochemical analysis of SATB2 and p16 and histomorphological features is helpful for the diagnosis of APAM and the differential diagnosis of MIEC and IFEP.

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) refers to acute diffuse lung injury caused by a variety of intrapulmonary and/or extrapulmonary factors such as infection and trauma. Uncontrolled inflammatory response is the main pathological feature. Different functional states of alveolar macrophages have different effects on inflammatory response. Transcription activating factor 3 (ATF3) is a fast response gene in the early stage of stress. In recent years, it has been found that ATF3 plays an important role in regulating the inflammatory response of ARDS by regulating the function of macrophages. This paper reviews the regulatory effects of ATF3 on alveolar macrophage polarization, autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum stress and its effects on the inflammatory process of ARDS, aiming to provide a new research direction for the prevention and treatment of ARDS.

High mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1), a highly conversed non-histone nucleoproteins with strong pro-inflammatory property, is one of the inflammatory mediator of the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Numerous studies have confirmed that HMGB1 regulates ARDS by binding to receptor for advanced glycation end product (RAGE), Toll-like receptor (TLR) and etc. And it can significantly increase the mortality of ARDS. But the mechanism of HMGB1 release is still unclear. This study focuses on the HMGB1 release progress, which connected with Janus kinases/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), Notch, inflammasome, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), reactive oxygen species (ROS), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) and other signaling or dependent pathways in ARDS.

Objective To investigate the BRAF-V600E mutation in pediatric patients with Langerhans cell histiocytosis and its clinical features. Methods A retrospective study was conducted among 27 children who were diagnosed in our hospital between August 2009 and June 2015 ,including 17 males and 10 females. BRAF-V600E was amplified from tissue samples of the 27 children with LCH by PCR and the relationship was analysed between the mutation and clinical features ,outcome. Results BRAF-V600E mutation was found in 9 cases within all 27 tested cases(33.3%). Significant difference was not found in age ,gender ,system involvement ,6-week reaction ,3-year overall survival and event-free survival between BRAF-V600E positive and negative groups. Conclusions BRAF-V600E mutation was found in Chinese pediatric LCH patients with positive rate of 33.3%, that indicates LCH might be a neoplastic disease. However ,its definite role on disease onset ,system involvement and disease progression remains unknown.

Objective To analyze the risk factors of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in acute exacerbation (AE-COPD)complicated with pulmonary embolism ,and to provide reference for the pathogenesis and treatment .Methods A total of 73 patients with COPD suspected PE admitted to our hospital from May 2015 to April 2016 were enrolled in this study .All patients were examined including WBC ,Neu% ,CRP ,IL-8 ,ESR ,PCT ,ET-1 ,D-dimer ,fibrinogen ,NT-proBNP ,myocardial enzyme ,arterial blood gas ,lactic acid ,CT pulmonary angiography(CTPA)within 48 h of admission .The risk factors of AECOPD with PE or with-out PE were analyzed .Results There were 15 cases with PE ,58 cases without PE in all objects .Neu% ,PCT ,NT-proBNP ,D-di-mer ,LDH ,cTnI ,CRP ,IL-8 ,ET-1 in patients with PE were significant higher than those in patients without PE (P<0 .05) .In the PE group ,the correlation coefficient between CRP and IL-8 was 0 .457(P=0 .087) ,the correlation coefficient between CRP and ET-1 was 0 .598(P=0 .019) ,the correlation coefficient between IL-8 and ET-1 was 0 .695(P=0 .004) .Conclusion Acute exacer-bation of COPD combined with PE is associated with the severity of inflammation in the body ,the more serious the inflammatory re-action ,the corresponding increase in myocardial injury ,the higher the risk of PE .

Objective To investigate the prevalence rate of healthcare-associated infection(HAI)in Xiangya Hospital,and provide reference for preventing and controlling HAI.Methods The cross sectional surveys on preva-lence rates of HAI,cross-sectional antimicrobial use,and bacterial detection among all hospitalized patients on the given days in 2000-2014 (except 2006)were carried out by combination of bedside investigation and medical record reviewing.Results The prevalence rates of HAI in 2000-2014 decreased from 6.30% to 3.91%,difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 35.14,P < 0.001 );prevalence rates of community-associated infection(CAI)were 15.61%-15.76%,there was no significant difference among each year.General intensive care unit (ICU)had the highest prevalence rate;respiratory tract was the most common site of both HAI and CAI;urinary catheterization rate showed a decreased tendency,arteriovenous catheterization rate showed a increased tendency,difference were both significant(χ2 = 5.21,96.24,respectively,both P <0.001).In 2008 - 2014,pathogenic detection rates for specimens from patients receiving therapeutic antimicrobial agents were 36.37%-44.51%,from patients with HAI were 34.00%-44.99%,detection rate of pathogens causing HAI were 41.57%-68.48%,all showed a increased tendency,difference was significant (χ2 = 22.78,10.03,26.49,respectively,all P < 0.001 ).Gram-negative bacteria were the main pathogens causing infection;both cross sectional and combination antimicrobial usage rates declined (P < 0.05 ).Conclusion Prevention and control of HAI,and antimicrobial management has achieved preliminary success,prevalence rate of HAI and cross sectional antimicrobial usage rate declined obviously,the main pathogen is gram-negative bacteria,and the major infection site is lower respiratory tract.

A 27-year-old woman was admitted to a hospital due to intermittent fever for 20+ days and swelling pain in knee joint for 7 days.Patients was with persistent fever,the highest temperature to 40.1°C,the double knee joint swelling pain,a large number of scattered red needle-like rash were visible on bilateral hands and legs,lymph-adenectasis,splenectasis,bilateral hands interphalangeal joint and knee joint swelling pain,lymph nodes were con-fined to the bilateral axillary with soft texture,local tenderness,and good activity.Pathological results of left axil-lary lymph node showed the following finding:fragmental lymph node tissue with incomplete structure,lymphoid follicles existed,there were diffuse histocytes,immunoblasts,and a few small lymphocytes proliferation in the re-duced or disappeared area of follicular,caryokinesis could be easily seen,there were patches of necrosis foci with varied size,nucleus disintegrated,fibrinoid necrosis blood vessel with bleeding could be seen.Immunohistochemical detection showed the following results:CD3 (diffuse +);CD20 (follicular +);CD79α(follicular +);CD68 (+);EMA (-);ALK (-);CD15 (a small amount of cells +);CD30 (+),CD4 (-),CD5 (+);CD10 (-);bcl-2 (+);CD21 (+);telomerase B (-);TIA-1 (-);EBV(-)Ki-67 (+).Through a combination of clinical and immunohistochemical detection results,the diagnosis of histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis was made.Patient discontinued antimicrobial drugs,after she was treated with 5% glucose 100 mL + hydrocortisone sodium succinate 200 mg intravenous drip for 3 days,patients had no fever,axillary lymph node gradually dwindled.Then patients was treated with methylprednisolone 8 mg/d,twice a day,reduced 1 tablet every two weeks,and stopped eventual-ly.Patients was followed up for two years,repeated examination of blood routine,liver and kidney function were in the normal range,bilateral knee didn’t swell,could walk freely,there appeared no enlargement of lymph node.