Objective:To analyze the association between inflammation-related dietary patterns and the risk for cognitive impairment in older adults aged ≥65 years in longevity areas in China by using reduced rank regression (RRR) analysis.Methods:This study used cross-sectional data from the 2021 Healthy Aging and Biomarkers Cohort Study, including the information about study participants' demographic characteristics, lifestyles, daily life activities, and disease histories. Dietary intake was obtained by using a simplified food frequency questionnaire. Cognitive impairment was evaluated based on the Mini-Mental State Examination Scale combined with years of education. Fasting venous blood samples were collected to detect inflammatory markers, especially high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR). RRR analysis was used to obtain inflammation-related dietary patterns using hs-CRP and PLR as response variables. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the association between dietary pattern score and the risk for cognitive impairment. Restricted cubic spline was used to explore the dose response relationship, and mediation analysis was used to quantify the mediating effects of hs-CRP and PLR.Results:Two dietary patterns were identified with RRR. The primary pattern was characterized by higher intakes of flour, red meat, and dairy products, and lower intake of fresh vegetables, explaining 6.84% of the variance in food intake and 0.50% of the variance in inflammatory markers. Compared with the T1 group, the T3 group had significantly higher risk for cognitive impairment ( OR=1.242, 95% CI: 1.034-1.491). Each one standard deviation increase in the dietary pattern score was associated with an 8.7% increase in the risk for cognitive impairment ( OR=1.087, 95% CI: 1.008-1.172), with a significant linear trend (overall-model P<0.001, non-linear P=0.295). Mediation analysis indicated that hs-CRP mediated 6.2% of the association between the dietary pattern and the risk for cognitive impairment. Conclusion:The inflammation- related dietary pattern characterized by higher consumption of flour, red meat, and dairy products and lower consumption of fresh vegetables is associated with an increased risk for cognitive impairment in older adults, and hs-CRP partially mediates this association.

Objective To investigate the impact of enterovirus 71(EV71)on skeletal muscle injury and explore its mechanism in relation to the caspase-1/interleukin(IL)-1 β signaling pathway in EV71-induced skeletal muscle damage.Methods One-day-old BALB/c suckling mice were divided randomly into three groups:normal control(NC)(n=60),EV71 infection model(n=60),and caspase-1 inhibitor(EV71+VX765)(n=15)groups.The NC and EV71 model groups were further subdivided into four subgroups(5,7,10,and 14 days)(n=5 mice per group).An EV71-infected model was established by intraperitoneal injection of 25 × 103 μL/kg EV71 viral solution for 3 consecutive days.Mice in the caspase-1 inhibitor group received VX765(20 mg/kg)intraperitoneally 6 hours post-viral inoculation,continued daily for 10 days until sample collection.Mice in the NC group received an equivalent volume of saline containing 5％dimethylsulfoxide and 10％PEG300,followed by 2％cell maintenance solution after 6 hours.Post-modeling body weight and clinical disease scores were recorded.Pathological skeletal muscle damage was observed by hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining,and expression levels of EV71 VP-1(viral capsid protein),pro-caspase-1,cleaved-caspase-1,IL-1 β,α-smooth muscle actin(SMA),and Collagen Ⅰ were detected by Western blot and immunofluorescence.Results Compared with the NC group at the same time points,mice in the EV71 model group exhibited reduced body weight,elevated disease scores,and skeletal muscle pathology characterized by inflammatory cell infiltration,myofiber dissolution,and decreased cross-sectional area(HE staining).Western blot showed significantly increased levels of EV71 VP-1,IL-1β,α-SMA,and Collagen Ⅰ in skeletal muscle homogenate from EV71 mice at 5,7,and 10 days post-infection(P＜0.001).In contrast,mice in the VX765 group showed improved body weight,reduced clinical scores(P＜0.01),and significant downregulation of EV71 VP-1(P＜0.01),pro-caspase-1,cleaved-caspase-1,IL-1β,and Collagen Ⅰ compared with the EV71 model group(P＜0.01).These findings were confirmed by immunofluorescence,indicating that inhibition of caspase-1 alleviated EV71-induced skeletal muscle injury.Conclusions EV71 may induce skeletal muscle injury by activating the caspase-1/IL-1β signaling pathway.

Objective To compare the efficacy and the effects on cardiac function of heated humidified high-flow nasal cannula(HHHFNC)and nasal continuous positive airway pressure(NCPAP)as initial treatment for preterm infants with neonatal respiratory dis-tress syndrome(NRDS).Methods The preterm infants with NRDS,gestational age＜35 weeks and requiring noninvasive ventilation ad-mitted to Xuzhou Central Hospital from January 2021 to November 2023 were enrolled for a prospective study and were randomly divided into the HHHFNC group and NCPAP group.The initial treatment was performed using HHHFNC and NCPAP respectively.The efficacy,safety and effects on cardiac function were compared.Results 55 cases were enrolled in HHHFNC group,and 53 cases were enrolled in NCPAP group.There were no statistically significant difference between the two groups in the number and total dose of the use of pulmona-ry surfactant,the number of apneas within 24hours of enrollment,the duration of noninvasive ventilation,the cases of noninvasive ventila-tion failure,the age achieving total enteral nutrition,the length and costs of hospitalization(P＞0.05).The incidence of nasal injury in the HHHFNC group was significantly lower than that in the NCPAP group(0 vs 11.3％,P=0.032).There were no statistically signifi-cant difference between the two groups in the pneumothorax,stage Ⅱ-Ⅲ necrotizing enterocolitis,hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus,grade Ⅱ-Ⅳ intraventricular hemorrhage,bronchopulmonary dysplasia,and retinopathy of prematurity requiring treat-ment at the first screening(P＞0.05).There were no statistically significant difference between the two groups in fraction of inspired oxy-gen and arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide,Plasma B-type natriuretic peptide(183.9±48.5ng/L vs 187.8±51.4ng/L,189.4±50.9ng/L vs 180.2±45.1ng/L)and Tei index of right ventricle(0.38±0.05 vs 0.40±0.06,0.38±0.06 vs 0.39±0.06)at 24±6h and 48±6h after noninvasive ventilation(P＞0.05).Conclusion In the initial treatment for preterm infants(gestational age＜35 weeks)with NRDS who need noninvasive ventilation,the efficacy of HHHFNC was similar to that of NCPAP,and the rate of nasal injury was lower.Other safety indexes and the effects on cardiac function were similar.

Objective:To analyze the association between inflammation-related dietary patterns and the risk for cognitive impairment in older adults aged ≥65 years in longevity areas in China by using reduced rank regression (RRR) analysis.Methods:This study used cross-sectional data from the 2021 Healthy Aging and Biomarkers Cohort Study, including the information about study participants' demographic characteristics, lifestyles, daily life activities, and disease histories. Dietary intake was obtained by using a simplified food frequency questionnaire. Cognitive impairment was evaluated based on the Mini-Mental State Examination Scale combined with years of education. Fasting venous blood samples were collected to detect inflammatory markers, especially high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR). RRR analysis was used to obtain inflammation-related dietary patterns using hs-CRP and PLR as response variables. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the association between dietary pattern score and the risk for cognitive impairment. Restricted cubic spline was used to explore the dose response relationship, and mediation analysis was used to quantify the mediating effects of hs-CRP and PLR.Results:Two dietary patterns were identified with RRR. The primary pattern was characterized by higher intakes of flour, red meat, and dairy products, and lower intake of fresh vegetables, explaining 6.84% of the variance in food intake and 0.50% of the variance in inflammatory markers. Compared with the T1 group, the T3 group had significantly higher risk for cognitive impairment ( OR=1.242, 95% CI: 1.034-1.491). Each one standard deviation increase in the dietary pattern score was associated with an 8.7% increase in the risk for cognitive impairment ( OR=1.087, 95% CI: 1.008-1.172), with a significant linear trend (overall-model P<0.001, non-linear P=0.295). Mediation analysis indicated that hs-CRP mediated 6.2% of the association between the dietary pattern and the risk for cognitive impairment. Conclusion:The inflammation- related dietary pattern characterized by higher consumption of flour, red meat, and dairy products and lower consumption of fresh vegetables is associated with an increased risk for cognitive impairment in older adults, and hs-CRP partially mediates this association.

Objective To compare the efficacy and the effects on cardiac function of heated humidified high-flow nasal cannula(HHHFNC)and nasal continuous positive airway pressure(NCPAP)as initial treatment for preterm infants with neonatal respiratory dis-tress syndrome(NRDS).Methods The preterm infants with NRDS,gestational age＜35 weeks and requiring noninvasive ventilation ad-mitted to Xuzhou Central Hospital from January 2021 to November 2023 were enrolled for a prospective study and were randomly divided into the HHHFNC group and NCPAP group.The initial treatment was performed using HHHFNC and NCPAP respectively.The efficacy,safety and effects on cardiac function were compared.Results 55 cases were enrolled in HHHFNC group,and 53 cases were enrolled in NCPAP group.There were no statistically significant difference between the two groups in the number and total dose of the use of pulmona-ry surfactant,the number of apneas within 24hours of enrollment,the duration of noninvasive ventilation,the cases of noninvasive ventila-tion failure,the age achieving total enteral nutrition,the length and costs of hospitalization(P＞0.05).The incidence of nasal injury in the HHHFNC group was significantly lower than that in the NCPAP group(0 vs 11.3％,P=0.032).There were no statistically signifi-cant difference between the two groups in the pneumothorax,stage Ⅱ-Ⅲ necrotizing enterocolitis,hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus,grade Ⅱ-Ⅳ intraventricular hemorrhage,bronchopulmonary dysplasia,and retinopathy of prematurity requiring treat-ment at the first screening(P＞0.05).There were no statistically significant difference between the two groups in fraction of inspired oxy-gen and arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide,Plasma B-type natriuretic peptide(183.9±48.5ng/L vs 187.8±51.4ng/L,189.4±50.9ng/L vs 180.2±45.1ng/L)and Tei index of right ventricle(0.38±0.05 vs 0.40±0.06,0.38±0.06 vs 0.39±0.06)at 24±6h and 48±6h after noninvasive ventilation(P＞0.05).Conclusion In the initial treatment for preterm infants(gestational age＜35 weeks)with NRDS who need noninvasive ventilation,the efficacy of HHHFNC was similar to that of NCPAP,and the rate of nasal injury was lower.Other safety indexes and the effects on cardiac function were similar.

Objective To investigate the impact of enterovirus 71(EV71)on skeletal muscle injury and explore its mechanism in relation to the caspase-1/interleukin(IL)-1 β signaling pathway in EV71-induced skeletal muscle damage.Methods One-day-old BALB/c suckling mice were divided randomly into three groups:normal control(NC)(n=60),EV71 infection model(n=60),and caspase-1 inhibitor(EV71+VX765)(n=15)groups.The NC and EV71 model groups were further subdivided into four subgroups(5,7,10,and 14 days)(n=5 mice per group).An EV71-infected model was established by intraperitoneal injection of 25 × 103 μL/kg EV71 viral solution for 3 consecutive days.Mice in the caspase-1 inhibitor group received VX765(20 mg/kg)intraperitoneally 6 hours post-viral inoculation,continued daily for 10 days until sample collection.Mice in the NC group received an equivalent volume of saline containing 5％dimethylsulfoxide and 10％PEG300,followed by 2％cell maintenance solution after 6 hours.Post-modeling body weight and clinical disease scores were recorded.Pathological skeletal muscle damage was observed by hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining,and expression levels of EV71 VP-1(viral capsid protein),pro-caspase-1,cleaved-caspase-1,IL-1 β,α-smooth muscle actin(SMA),and Collagen Ⅰ were detected by Western blot and immunofluorescence.Results Compared with the NC group at the same time points,mice in the EV71 model group exhibited reduced body weight,elevated disease scores,and skeletal muscle pathology characterized by inflammatory cell infiltration,myofiber dissolution,and decreased cross-sectional area(HE staining).Western blot showed significantly increased levels of EV71 VP-1,IL-1β,α-SMA,and Collagen Ⅰ in skeletal muscle homogenate from EV71 mice at 5,7,and 10 days post-infection(P＜0.001).In contrast,mice in the VX765 group showed improved body weight,reduced clinical scores(P＜0.01),and significant downregulation of EV71 VP-1(P＜0.01),pro-caspase-1,cleaved-caspase-1,IL-1β,and Collagen Ⅰ compared with the EV71 model group(P＜0.01).These findings were confirmed by immunofluorescence,indicating that inhibition of caspase-1 alleviated EV71-induced skeletal muscle injury.Conclusions EV71 may induce skeletal muscle injury by activating the caspase-1/IL-1β signaling pathway.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a type of highly prevalent heterogeneous degenerative disease that leads to joint pain, deformity, the destruction of articular cartilage, and eventual disability. The current treatment strategies for OA often suffer from systemic side effects, poor anti-inflammatory efficacy, and persistent pain. To address these issues, we develop light-inducible nanomedicine that enables the co-delivery of anti-inflammatory drug (diacerein, DIA) and small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting nerve growth factor (NGF) for pain relief to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of OA. The nanomedicine is based on poly(β-amino-ester)-coated gold nanocages (AuNCs), which is further incorporated with the phase-change material (lauric acid/stearic acid, LA/SA). Following intra-articular (IA) injection in vivo, the nanomedicine displays high degree of drug accumulation and retention in the joint lesion of OA mouse models. The photothermal effect, induced by AuNCs, not only promotes DIA and siRNA release, but also upregulates the expression of heat shock protein 70 (HSP-70) to resist the apoptosis of chondrocytes in the inflammatory condition. The internalization of both DIA and siRNA results in strong anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving effects, which greatly contribute to the joint repair of OA mice. This study offers a promising combination strategy for OA treatment.

Objective To discuss the application of the"rotating guidewire and correcting the filter recovery hook direction technique"("rotation-correction loop technique"for short),a technique invented by the authors in clinical practice,in the retrieval of complex inferior vena cava filter(IVCF),and to discuss its technical skills and advantages.Methods The clinical data of 417 patients carrying an IVCF,who were admitted to the Department of Vascular Surgery of Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University of China to retrieve IVCF between January 2022 and December 2022,were retrospectively analyzed.Taking the time spent on the retrieval of IVCF and the intraoperative radiation dose as the evaluation indicators,the advantages and disadvantages of the standard filter retrieval technique,the"rotation-correction loop technique"and the other loop-assisted techniques were compared.Results Both the intraoperative radiation dose and the time spent on the retrieval of IVCF using"rotation-correction loop technique"were remarkably lower than those of other loop-assisted techniques(P＜0.000 1).Conclusion For the retrieval of complex IVCF,especially for the IVCF which is heavily tilted and/or its recovered hook is attached to the vascular wall,the use of"rotation-correction loop technique"can shorten the time spent on the the retrieval of IVCF and reduce the intraoperative radiation dose.This technique carries high safety and practicability,the device is simple and it can be manipulated by single physician,which is conducive to clinical application and promotion.(J Intervent Radiol,2024,33:289-294)

Objective:To screen and identify differential proteins, analyze lipid metabolism-related proteins and pathways, and explore their functions and biological processes in liver tissue of patients with alcoholic liver disease using tandem mass tag (TMT) labeling technology.Methods:Liver tissues that met the inclusion criteria were collected. Eight samples from patients with alcoholic cirrhosis and three samples from the normal control group were screened out. The TMT technique was used to screen differential proteins, perform signaling pathway enrichment analysis, and analyze protein interaction networks to explore the biological processes involved in them.Results:Proteomic analysis identified 2 741 kinds of differentially expressed proteins in the two groups of data with statistical significance ( P < 0.05). The standard criteria of P < 0.05 and |log2(foldchange)| > 1 had screened out 106 kinds of differentially expressed proteins. Compared with the control group, the alcoholic liver disease group had 12 kinds of up-regulated proteins and 94 kinds of down-regulated proteins. Among them, there were 2 kinds of up-regulated differential proteins related to lipid metabolism and 14 kinds of down-regulated differential proteins. The results of bioinformatics analysis showed that these proteins were primarily involved in biological processes such as lipid transport, regulation of lipase activity, fatty acid binding, and cholesterol metabolism in lipid metabolism and also had a close link to signal pathways related to lipid metabolism such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor signaling pathways, cholesterol metabolism, triglyceride metabolism, and regulation of lipolysis in adipocytes. Conclusion:The 16 kinds of lipid metabolism-related differential proteins may be the key proteins in the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease.

ObjectiveTo investigate the differentially expressed proteins in the plasma exosome of acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) patients with different prognoses, to analyze their functions and biological processes, and to provide a basis for clinical diagnosis. MethodsA prospective study was performed for 10 ACLF patients who were hospitalized and diagnosed in Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, from July 2019 to October 2019, and the patients were followed up for 90 days. The patients who died or received liver transplantation were enrolled as liver transplantation/death group (5 patients), and the patients who survived were enrolled as survival group (5 patients). The Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of general data between the two groups. The label-free quantitative proteomic method was used for identification and quantitative analysis of plasma exosome proteins to screen out differentially expressed proteins, and a functional enrichment analysis was performed. R-3.5.1 software was used to perform a hierarchical cluster analysis of differentially expressed proteins to analyze the biological processes involving these proteins. ResultsA total of 860 proteins were identified by the exosome proteomic analysis, and according to the criteria of upregulation ＞1.2 folds or downregulation ＞1.2 folds (P＜0.05), there were 116 differentially expressed proteins. Compared with the liver transplantation/death group, the survival group had 62 upregulated proteins and 54 downregulated proteins. The bioinformatics analysis showed that these differentially expressed proteins mainly participated in immune reaction, signal transduction, vesicle-mediated transport, cell death, and cell proliferation and were closely associated with the signaling pathways including inflammatory response, carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism, hepatocyte injury, and hepatocyte regeneration. ConclusionDifferentially expressed proteins screened out by the label-free quantitative proteomic method can be used as serological markers for the early diagnosis and prognostic evaluation of ACLF.