Objective: To investigate the protective effects and underlying mechanisms of sodium pyruvate (SP) on RBC storage lesions using an oxidative damage model. Methods: Six units of leukocyte-depleted suspended RBCs (discarded for non-infectious reasons within three days post-collection) were randomly assigned to four groups: negative control (NS), positive control (PS), experimental group 1 (SP1), and experimental group 2 (SP2). Oxidative stress was induced in the PS group by the addition of hydrogen peroxide (H O ), while SP1 and SP2 received SP supplementation at different concentrations (25 mM and 50 mM, respectively) in the presence of H O . After 1 hour of incubation, RBC morphology was assessed microscopically, and biochemical indicators including glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), methemoglobin (MetHb), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and Na /K -ATPase activity were measured. Results: RBCs in the PS group exhibited pronounced morphological damage, including cell shrinkage and echinocyte formation, whereas both SP-treated groups showed significantly reduced structural injury. SP treatment led to elevated GSH levels and decreased concentrations of MDA and MetHb, suggesting attenuation of oxidative stress. Additionally, SP enhanced intracellular ATP levels and Na /K -ATPase activity, thereby contributing to membrane stability. Notably, the SP2 group (50 mM) demonstrated superior protective effects compared to SP1 (25 mM). Conclusion: Sodium pyruvate effectively attenuates oxidative storage lesions in RBCs, primarily through its antioxidant properties, energy metabolism supporting ability, and celluar membrane stabilizing function. These findings suggest SP as a promising additive for enhancing the quality and safety of stored RBCs.

OBJECTIVE To explore the differences in the clinical laboratory test indexes between the patients with two different TCM syndrome types of eczema(dampness-heat infiltration type and non-dampness-heat infiltration type)and observe the distribution and drug resistance rate of pathogens isolated from the skin lesions so as to pro-vide bases for syndrome differentiation and reasonable use of antibiotics.METHODS A total of 180 patients with eczema who were positive for bacterial culture of skin secretions and were treated in Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Jan.2021 to Dec.2023 were enrolled in the study and were divided into the dampness-heat infiltration group with 134 cases and the non-dampness-heat infiltration group with 46 cases.The data of clini-cal laboratory test indexes were collected from the two groups of patients,the secretion specimens were sampled from the skin lesion sites,the isolated pathogens were identified by VITEK 2 Compact automatic microorganism analysis system,and the drug susceptibility testing was performed.RESULTS The direct bilirubin level of the dampness-heat infiltration group was(3.99±1.62)umol/L,higher than(3.46±1.12)umol/L of the non-damp-ness-heat infiltration group(P＜0.05),but both were in the normal range;there were no significant differences in other test indexes between the two groups.Totally 180 strains of pathogens were isolated from the 180 patients with eczema,156(86.67％)of which were gram-positive bacteria;Staphylococcus aureus(98 strains),Staphy-lococcus epidermidis(29 strains)and Staphylococcus haemolyticus(15 strains)were the predominant species of the gram-positive bacteria.The gram-negative bacteria accounted for 12.22％(22 strains).The drug resistance rate of the S.aureus strains to penicillin was up to 82.65％,and the isolation rate of methicillin-resistant Staphy-lococcus aureus(MRSA)was 12.24％(12/98);the drug resistance rates of the S.epidermidis strains to penicil-lin and erythromycin were 75.86％,and the drug resistance rate of the S.haemolyticus strains to erythromycin was 100.00％.CONCLUSIONS The gram-positive bacteria(dominated by the S.aureus)are dominant among the pathogens isolated from the skin lesion specimens of the eczema patients and are highly resistant to penicillin and erythromycin.The isolation rate of MRSA is relatuvely low.There is limited clinical significant difference in the direct bilirubin between the two groups.It is necessary to further explore more reliable indexes for syndrome dif-ferentiation.

With the rapid advancements in minimally invasive spine surgery and the increasingly sophisti-cated concept of visualization,transforaminal endoscopic lumbar discectomy(TELD)has become a primary treatment for lumbar disc herniation.Among the critical preoperative steps in TELD,foraminalplasty plays a pivotal role,as its quality directly impacts surgical outcomes and postoperative recurrence rates.This article systemati-cally reviews the evolution of foraminalplasty techniques,evaluates the selection and application of plasty sites,examines factors influencing stability after lumbar foraminalplasty,and highlights recent advancements in computer-assisted navigation.The goal is to serve as a comprehensive reference for clinicians.

OBJECTIVE To explore the differences in the clinical laboratory test indexes between the patients with two different TCM syndrome types of eczema(dampness-heat infiltration type and non-dampness-heat infiltration type)and observe the distribution and drug resistance rate of pathogens isolated from the skin lesions so as to pro-vide bases for syndrome differentiation and reasonable use of antibiotics.METHODS A total of 180 patients with eczema who were positive for bacterial culture of skin secretions and were treated in Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Jan.2021 to Dec.2023 were enrolled in the study and were divided into the dampness-heat infiltration group with 134 cases and the non-dampness-heat infiltration group with 46 cases.The data of clini-cal laboratory test indexes were collected from the two groups of patients,the secretion specimens were sampled from the skin lesion sites,the isolated pathogens were identified by VITEK 2 Compact automatic microorganism analysis system,and the drug susceptibility testing was performed.RESULTS The direct bilirubin level of the dampness-heat infiltration group was(3.99±1.62)umol/L,higher than(3.46±1.12)umol/L of the non-damp-ness-heat infiltration group(P＜0.05),but both were in the normal range;there were no significant differences in other test indexes between the two groups.Totally 180 strains of pathogens were isolated from the 180 patients with eczema,156(86.67％)of which were gram-positive bacteria;Staphylococcus aureus(98 strains),Staphy-lococcus epidermidis(29 strains)and Staphylococcus haemolyticus(15 strains)were the predominant species of the gram-positive bacteria.The gram-negative bacteria accounted for 12.22％(22 strains).The drug resistance rate of the S.aureus strains to penicillin was up to 82.65％,and the isolation rate of methicillin-resistant Staphy-lococcus aureus(MRSA)was 12.24％(12/98);the drug resistance rates of the S.epidermidis strains to penicil-lin and erythromycin were 75.86％,and the drug resistance rate of the S.haemolyticus strains to erythromycin was 100.00％.CONCLUSIONS The gram-positive bacteria(dominated by the S.aureus)are dominant among the pathogens isolated from the skin lesion specimens of the eczema patients and are highly resistant to penicillin and erythromycin.The isolation rate of MRSA is relatuvely low.There is limited clinical significant difference in the direct bilirubin between the two groups.It is necessary to further explore more reliable indexes for syndrome dif-ferentiation.

With the rapid advancements in minimally invasive spine surgery and the increasingly sophisti-cated concept of visualization,transforaminal endoscopic lumbar discectomy(TELD)has become a primary treatment for lumbar disc herniation.Among the critical preoperative steps in TELD,foraminalplasty plays a pivotal role,as its quality directly impacts surgical outcomes and postoperative recurrence rates.This article systemati-cally reviews the evolution of foraminalplasty techniques,evaluates the selection and application of plasty sites,examines factors influencing stability after lumbar foraminalplasty,and highlights recent advancements in computer-assisted navigation.The goal is to serve as a comprehensive reference for clinicians.

Objective To explore the predictive effect of family functioning on mobile phone dependency and clarify the mediating role of peer relationships and self-esteem.Methods A stratified cluster random sampling method was used to collect data related to family functioning,self-esteem,and mobile phone dependency of 1 326 middle school students.SPSS 25.0 software was used to describe the data statistically and compare the differences among the demographic characteristics.Mplus 8.3 software was used to test the mediating effect of self-esteem on family functioning and mobile phone dependency of middle school students and the moderating effect of peer relation-ships.Results Family functioning negatively predicted the mobile phone dependency of middle school students(β=-0.291;95%CI:-0.361--0.224;P<0.001),self-esteem mediated the relationship between family functioning and mobile phone dependency(β=-0.066;95%CI:-0.096--0.044;P<0.001),and peer relationship moderated the mediating role of self-esteem between family func-tioning and mobile phone dependency(β= 0.117;95%CI:0.046-0.188;P= 0.001).Conclusion Family functioning directly affected mobile phone dependency and impacted mobile phone dependency through self-esteem.The mediating effect of self-esteem increases as peer relationships improve.

As one of the most malignant tumors worldwide, lung cancer, fueled by metastasis, has shown rising mortality rates. However, effective clinical strategies aimed at preventing metastasis are lacking owing to its dynamic multi-step, complicated, and progressive nature. Immunotherapy has shown promise in treating cancer metastasis by reversing the immunosuppressive network of the tumor microenvironment. However, drug resistance inevitably develops due to inadequate delivery of immunostimulants and an uncontrolled immune response. Consequently, adverse effects occur, such as autoimmunity, from the non-specific immune activation and non-specific inflammation in off-target organs. Nanocarriers that improve drug solubility, permeability, stability, bioavailability, as well as sustained, controlled, and targeted delivery can effectively overcome drug resistance and enhance the therapeutic effect while reducing adverse effects. In particular, nanomedicine-based immunotherapy can be utilized to target tumor metastasis, presenting a promising therapeutic strategy for lung cancer. Nanotechnology strategies that boost the immunotherapy effect are classified based on the metastatic cascade related to the tumor immune microenvironment; the breaking away of primary tumors, circulating tumor cell dissemination, and premetastatic niche formation cause distant secondary site colonization. In this review, we focus on the opportunities and challenges of integrating immunotherapy with nanoparticle formulation to establish nanotechnology-based immunotherapy by modulating the tumor microenvironment for preclinical and clinical applications in the management of patients with metastatic lung cancer. We also discuss prospects for the emerging field and the clinical translation potential of these techniques.
Humans ; Lung Neoplasms/therapy* ; Tumor Microenvironment ; Neoplasms/drug therapy* ; Immunotherapy/methods*

Objective:To investigate the effects of non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) on plasma B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) level and Tei index of right ventricle in preterm infants.Methods:Premature infants of gestational age<34 weeks with respiratory distress syndrome who were admitted in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Xuzhou Central Hospital and requiring for NPPV from December 2018 to October 2020, were enrolled in the study. Patients were randomly divided into two groups 46 patients received nasal continuous positive airway pressure ventilation (NCPAP group) and 49 patients received bi-level positive airway pressure ventilation (BiPAP group); 42 preterm infants of gestational age<34 weeks and without NPPV were selected as the control group. The plasma BNP, Tei index of right ventricle, mean airway pressure and oxygen index at 0-12 h and 48-60 h after NPPV were monitored in NCPAP group and BiPAP group. The plasma BNP and Tei index of right ventricle at 0-12 h and 48-60 h after admission were monitored in the control group. SPSS 20.0 statistical software was used for data analysis.Results:(1)The plasma BNP and Tei index of right ventricle at 48-60 h after NPPV were significantly higher than those at 0-12 h after NPPV in NCPAP group and BiPAP group [NCPAP group: (287.5±155.5) vs. (179.9±102.3) ng/L, (0.43±0.08) vs. (0.38±0.06); BiPAP group: (303.1±135.4) vs. (186.5±95.6) ng/L, (0.45±0.08) vs. (0.39±0.06); t=6.00, 3.34, 7.47, 4.48; all P<0.05]. There were no significant differences in the plasma BNP and Tei index of right ventricle at 48-60 h and 0-12 h after admission in the control group [(181.9±86.8) vs. (169.5±78.9) ng/L, (0.34±0.05) vs. (0.36±0.05); t=0.83, -1.59; all P>0.05].(2) There were no significant differences in the plasma BNP and Tei index of right ventricle at 48-60 h after NPPV between NCPAP group-and BiPAP group (all P>0.05), but they were significantly higher than those in control group at 48-60 h after admission(all P<0.05). (3)The mean airway pressure and oxygen index at 48-60 h after NPPV in NCPAP group and BiPAP group showed a decrease trend compared to those at 0-12 h after NPPV, but the differences were not significant [NCPAP group: (6.8±1.2) vs. (7.0±1.3) cmH 2O(1 cmH 2O=0.098 kPa), (5.7±2.1) vs. (6.1±2.3); BiPAP group: (7.0±1.3) vs. (7.2±1.2) cmH 2O, (5.5±2.0) vs. (5.8±2.1); t=-1.05, -0.80, -1.88, -0.67; all P>0.05]; while there were no significant differences between the two groups (all P>0.05). (4)There was a positive correlation between the plasma BNP and mean airway pressure ( r=0.48, P<0.001), but no correlation between Tei index of right ventricle and mean airway pressure ( r=0.17, P=0.119) at 48-60 h after NPPV. Conclusion:The cardiac function indexes such as plasma BNP and Tei index of right ventricle in preterm infants are increased at 48-60 h after NPPV. When mean airway pressure is the same, the effects of NCPAP and BiPAP on plasma BNP and Tei index of right ventricle in preterm infants are similar.

Objective:To compare left and right ventricular Tei indexes and to determine the reference range in newborns of different gestational age (GA) and birth weight (BW).Methods:From February 2019 to June 2021, newborns admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of our hospital were enrolled. Tei indexes were measured and calculated during 24 h~7 d after birth and reexamined 1~2 weeks later in some of the newborns. The newborns were assigned into <32 w group, 32~36 w group and ≥ 37 w group according to their GA, < 1 500 g group, 1 500~2 499 g group and ≥2 500 g group according to their BW, and early newborn group (1~7 d) and late newborn group (>7 d) according to their age of evaluation. The data were analyzed using t test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and correlation analysis with SPSS 20.0 statistical software. Results:A total of 128 cases were included. 42 cases in <32 w group, 43 in 32~36 w group and 43 in ≥37 w group. 42 cases in <1 500 g group, 42 in 1 500 ~ 2 499 g group and 44 in ≥2 500 g group. Tei indexes were reexamined after 7 d of age in 63 preterm infants and in 31 full-term infants. The left and right ventricular Tei indexes of the ≥37 w group were less than the 32~36 w group and the <32 w group in early newborns (left ventricular: 0.382±0.069 vs. 0.431±0.069 and 0.439±0.060, right ventricular: 0.373±0.038 vs. 0.431±0.035 and 0.452±0.064); the right ventricular Tei index of the 32~36 w group was significantly less than the <32 w group ( P<0.05). No significant differences existed in the left ventricular Tei index between the 32 ~ 36 w group and the < 32 w group ( P>0.05). The left and right ventricular Tei indexes of the ≥2 500 g group were significantly less than the 1 500~2 499 g group and the <1 500 g group (left ventricular: 0.385±0.069 vs. 0.434±0.067 and 0.434±0.064, right ventricular: 0.376±0.039 vs. 0.431±0.043 and 0.450±0.061) ( P<0.05).No significant differences existed between the 1 500~2 499 g group and the <1 500 g group ( P>0.05). No significant differences existed in the left and right ventricular Tei indexes between the late newborn group and early newborn group ( P>0.05). For early newborns (1~7 d of age), the reference range of Tei index gradually decreased along with the increase of GA and BW. Conclusions:The left and right ventricular Tei indexes of full-term infants and infants with BW ≥2 500 g are less than preterm and low birth weight infants. The reference range of Tei index in early newborns shows negative correlation with GA and BW.