Water resources are crucial for environmental protection and the health of humans, plants, and animals. Contamination of water by pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, and protozoa can lead to outbreaks of various water-related infectious diseases, posing serious threats to public health and causing significant economic and social losses. Therefore, accurate and timely detection of pathogens in water sources and related substances is vital for preventing water-borne infectious diseases. In recent years, various molecular techniques have been extensively used to address water quality issues, including emerging isothermal amplification techniques such as loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (NASBA), recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA), and helicase-dependent amplification (HDA). These techniques have significantly enhanced the capacity to detect and monitor pathogens in diverse aquatic systems and wastewater. This review focused on commonly used isothermal amplification techniques in water quality assessment and their recent advancements in environmental pathogens detection.

Objective To explore the application value of anhydrous ethanol as an alternative to methanol in the preparation of chromosomal specimens from peripheral blood lymphocytes, and to establish a set of quantitative analytical methods for objectively evaluating the effectiveness of specimen preparation. Methods Residual blood samples from routine laboratory slide preparation were used for lymphocyte culture. The standard slide preparation method was employed. The fixative in the control group was methanol and glacial acetic acid (3∶1). Four experimental groups were set up based on the ratio of anhydrous ethanol to glacial acetic acid in the fixative (volume ratios of 3∶1, 5∶1, 7∶1, and 9∶1 for experimental groups 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively). A chromosomal analysis was conducted using an automated chromosome scanning/image analysis system to evaluate the morphology and dispersion of metaphase chromosomes in both control and experimental groups. Comparisons were made between the control and experimental groups regarding the dic + r aberration rate, ace aberration rate, chromosomal aberration rate, chromosome dispersion index, chromosome overlapping ratio, and dispersion index/overlapping ratio. Results Microscopic evaluation revealed that the preparation quality of experimental groups 1 and 2 was comparable to the control group. No statistically significant differences were observed in dic + r aberration rate between each of the experimental groups and the control (P > 0.05). All experimental groups except group 4 showed no significant differences in ace aberration rate and chromosome aberration rate compared with the control group (P > 0.05). Experimental groups 1 and 2 showed no significant differences in chromosome dispersion index, overlapping ratio, and dispersion index/overlapping ratio compared with the control group (P > 0.05). Conclusion A mixture of anhydrous ethanol and glacial acetic acid at a 5∶1 ratio is recommended for use as a fixative in the preparation of chromosomal specimens from peripheral blood lymphocytes. A quantitative index system for assessing the quality of chromosomal specimens was established, enabling objective evaluation of slide preparation effectiveness.

Objective To explore the current research situation,hotspots and development trend in the field of acupuncture and mox-ibustion intervention for post-stroke dysphagia(PSD). Methods The literature on acupuncture and moxibustion intervention for PSD was retrieved from CNKI,VIP and Wan-fang database from 1994 to December 31st,2023,and analyzed with VOSviewer and CiteSpace. Results A total of 1 816 articles were included,and the number of publications increased year by year,reaching a peak in 2021 with 180 articles.There were 274 core authors included in the literature,among which Cheng Hongliang,Zhou Hongfei and Feng Weixing were the authors with the highest publication volume.The First Affiliated Hos-pital of Tianjin University of Chinese Medicine was the most productive institution,and the connections between institutions were relatively scattered.The high-frequency keywords were swallowing dysfunction,stroke,acu-puncture and moxibustion therapy,as well as rehabilitation therapy,among which tongue triple acupuncture,elec-troacupuncture,nape acupuncture and scalp acupuncture were the most commonly used methods.In addition,acupuncture combined with rehabilitation training,electrical stimulation,or other methods for PSD and acupoint selection rules were also research hotspots.When evaluating the efficacy of acupuncture intervention for PSD,the focus gradually shifted from the effective rate to the use of videofluorographic swallowing study,water swal-lowing test,standardized swallowing assessment,surface electromyography and other indicators to evaluate the swallowing function and the severity of dysphagia. Conclusion Research on acupuncture and moxibustion interventions for PSD has developed rapidly,with hotspots in-cluding the selection of specific acupuncture and moxibustion techniques,the combination of acupuncture and moxibustion with other rehabilitation therapies,outcome indicators for acupuncture and moxibustion interven-tions in PSD,and the rules of acupoint selection.In the future,it is essential to strengthen academic exchanges and collaborations across institutions and regions.Greater emphasis should be placed on objective evaluation in-dicators of acupuncture and moxibustion therapies for improving the swallowing function in PSD patients,as well as on optimizing combinations of acupuncture and moxibustion with modern rehabilitation approaches,so as to better guide clinical practice.

Objective:To observe any effect of early recumbent treadmill training on the balance and functional independence during hospitalization of children who have received hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).Methods:This was a retrospective analysis of 106 children who had received HSCT. Sixty-nine of them were qualified for study. Of those, 32 had performed recumbent treadmill training and the other 37 had not. The children in both groups received routine clinical treatment and nursing care, and also health education advocating exercise and giving exercise programs before and after the transplantation. The daily exercise was conducted with the help of parents. It lasted 20 to 30 minutes each time, 4 or 5 times a week. The treadmill group additionally spent 30 minutes training on a recumbent treadmill 5 times a week for 6 weeks. Balance, functional independence and fatigue levels were quantified before and after the treatment using the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), the Functional Independence Measure for Children (WeeFIM) and the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory-Multidimensional Fatigue Scale.Results:After the 6 weeks, significant improvement was observed in the experimental group′s average BBS score, motor function domain score, total WeeFIM score, general fatigue, and sleep/rest fatigue. All were then significantly better than the non-treadmill group′s results.Conclusion:Early recumbent treadmill training can promote the recovery of balance and functional independence of children after HSCT.

To analyze the biological characteristics of Pasteurella multocida in bovine respiratory tract and its prevalence in large-scale cattle farms,bacterial isolation,culture,and morphological observation were conducted on the lungs and liver samples of dead cows suffering from respiratory diseases in Hohhot,Inner Mongolia.The isolated strains were studied through biochemical testing,16S rRNA gene sequencing,specific primer PCR identification,capsule serotyping,pathogenicity testing,virulence gene testing,drug sensitivity testing,and drug resistance gene detection methods.The results showed that six strains of Pasteurella multocida serotype A were isolated and identi-fied from the lungs of diseased and dead cows.After sequencing the 16S rRNA sequence of the bac-teria,it was found that the six strains of Pasteurella multocida had the closest genetic relationship with the Chongqing isolate CQ2(CP033599.1).The results of mouse pathogenicity test and viru-lence gene detection showed that all isolates were pathogenic and carried at least 16 or more related virulence genes such as exbB,nanB,sodC,oma 87,etc.,but no hsf1 and toxA were detected.The results of drug sensitivity tests and resistance gene detection showed that the isolated strains were sensitive to different degrees of antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin,ofloxacin,and cefotaxime.They were resistant to streptomycin,clindamycin,and lincomycin,and resistance genes of str A,strB,and tet(H)were detected.The results indicate that there is a certain correlation between the pathoge-nicity and virulence genes,drug resistance phenotype,and drug resistance genes of Pasteurellamultocida type A in cattle.It is recommended to use quinolones(such as ciprofloxacin)and cepha-losporins(such as cefotaxime)antibacterial drugs in clinical practice,which can provide scientific basis and prevention and control plans for the prevention and treatment of respiratory diseases caused by Pasteurella multocida in cattle farms,and lay a foundation for the epidemiological mo-nitoring of bovine respiratory multocida pasteurellosis.

Objective:To investigate the predictive value of differential distribution of peripheral lymphocyte subsets before and after the first 131I treatment on the therapeutic response to 131I treatment in patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). Methods:A retrospective study was conducted on 46 PTC patients (16 males, 30 females, age 20-77 years) who underwent total thyroidectomy and received 131I treatment between January 2021 and August 2021 in First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University. Peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets (T, B, CD4 + T, CD8 + T, natural killer (NK), helper T (Th)1, Th2, Th17, and regulatory T (Treg) cells) were measured 1-2 d before and 30 d after 131I treatment. Based on serological and imaging evidence, therapeutic response at 6-12 months post- 131I therapy was categorized as either excellent response (ER) or non-excellent response (NER). Differences of preablative stimulated thyroglobulin (psTg) and clinical baseline characteristics between two groups were assessed by using independent-sample t test, paired t test, or Mann-Whitney U test. Predictive value of lymphocyte subsets before and after 131I treatment for therapeutic response was assessed through logistic regression analysis, ROC curve analysis, and decision curve analysis (DCA). Results:In ER group ( n=33) and NER group ( n=13), most lymphocyte subsets showed different degrees of reduction 30 d after 131I treatment compared to before 131I treatment, such as T, B, CD4 + T and Th1 cells in ER group, as well as T, B, CD4 + T, Th1, Th2, Th17, and Treg cells in NER group ( t values: 2.41-9.57, all P<0.05). Before 131I treatment, NER group had significantly higher levels of psTg, Th2, Th17, and Treg cells compared to the ER group ( t values: from -3.32 to -2.48, U=29.00, all P<0.05). After 131I treatment, most of lymphocyte subsets in NER group (T, B, CD4 + T, CD8 + T, Th1 and Treg cells) showed higher trend than those in ER group but without statistical significances ( t values: from -1.12 to -0.06, all P>0.05). Th2 cells before 131I treatment (odds ratio ( OR)=25.00, 95% CI: 1.36-459.10, P=0.030) was identified as a risk factor for NER. ROC curve analysis indicated that AUCs of psTg and Th2 cells for predicting therapeutic response were 0.932 and 0.790, respectively, which was 0.958 for the combined psTg and Th2 cells. DCA showed that within the threshold probability range of 10%-60%, the curves for psTg, Th2 cells, and the combined psTg and Th2 cells were all higher than the extreme curve, suggesting good effect. Conclusions:Most lymphocyte subsets decrease to varying degrees, and NER group shows a significant decrease 30 d after 131I treatment. Th2 cells may be a risk factor for poor response to 131I treatment, providing a certain value in predicting the therapeutic response to 131I treatment.

Objective To investigate the difference of electrocardiographic(ECG)features between total left main artery(LM)occlusion and subtotal occlusion,and analyze risk factors of in-hospital mortality.Methods A total of 94 patients with left main complete occlusion and 99 patients with subtotal occlusion were included.ECG characteristics,coronary angiography and other clinical data were compared,and factors of hospital death were analyzed.The receiver operating characteristics(ROC)curve was used to analyze the predictive value of ECG characteristics in hospital death risk in patients with LM occlusion.The relationship between ECG characteristics,shock and collateral circulation were analyzed in patients with LM occlusion.Results Compared with the subtotal occlusion group,patients with LM occlusion presented with more ST-segment elevation(STE)in Ⅰ,avL,V2-V5,more STE in avR and avL,more left anterior fascicular block+right bundle branch block,prolonged QRS duration,less STE in avR and less STE in avR+V1.The in-hospital mortality was 46.8%(44/94)in LM occlusion and 14.1%(14/99)in LM subtotal occlusion.STE in avR+avL predicted total LM occlusion with a specificity of 0.97,and left anterior branch+right bundle branch block predicted total LM occlusion with a specificity of 1.00.In patients with total LM occlusion,STE in Ⅰ,avL,V2-V5,prolongation of QRS duration,shock,no collateral circulation,STE in Ⅰ,avL,V2-V5 combined with left anterior fascicular block+right bundle branch block,and STE in Ⅰ,avL,V2-V5 combined with shock predicted in-hospital mortality,with the area under the curve of 0.716,0.619,0.766,0.688,0.572,0.785,respectively.The diagnostic specificity of STE in Ⅰ,avL,V2-V5 combined with shock was 0.82,and the sensitivity was 0.75.STE in Ⅰ,avL,V2-V5 combined with left anterior fascicular block+right bundle branch block predicted in-hospital death in LM occlusion with a specificity of 0.94.The proportion of shock was higher in patients with STE in Ⅰ,avL,V2-V5,left anterior fascicular block+right bundle branch block and collateral flow absence(P＜0.05).In patients with total occlusion,no collateral flow was observed in patients with STE in Ⅰ,avL,V2-V5.In patients with STE in avR(including avR+V1),82.4%of patients presented with right coronary collateral circulation supplying the left anterior descending coronary artery and left circumflex artery territory.In patients with STE in avR+avL,69.2%of patients presented with right coronary collateral circulation supplying left anterior descending coronary artery territory.Conclusion Total LM occlusion presents with different ECG features compared with subtotal occlusion.In LM total occlusion,the ECG features predict in-hospital mortality and are associated with different collateral circulation.

Objective : To investigate the effects of the exposure of sludge from sewage treatment plants and microplastic extracted from sludge on the oxidative stress levels in zebrafish, so as to put insights into the research into the impact of sludge and microplastics on human health. Methods : Adult wild AB zebrafish were exposed to five groups of sludge (0, 12.5, 25, 50 and 75 g/L) and four groups of microplastics extract from sludge (0, 240, 480, 960/L), with 24 zebrafish in each group. The color, activity and death of zebrafish were observed every day. The contents of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were detected 0 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, 96 h and 7 d post-exposure. A two-factor ANOVA was used to analyze the effects of different concentrations and time of exposure on the indicators above. Results : Under 75 g/L sludge exposure, zebrafish began to show mortality at 72 h and all died after 7 d. The zebrafish in the other sludge groups and all microplastic groups had normal color and activity, and no mortality was observed. Sludge concentration interacted with exposure time to affect SOD, CAT, GSH and MDA (P<0.05). With increasing sludge concentration and exposure time, SOD decreased, MDA increased, CAT increased first and then decreased, GSH decreased first and then increased, and GSH continued to decrease since 24 h in the 75 g/L group. The microplastic concentration interacted with exposure time to affect SOD and GSH (P<0.05), but not CAT or MDA (P>0.05). With increasing microplastic concentration and exposure time, SOD and MDA increased, CAT increased first and then decreased, the GSH was slightly increased at 24 h and decreased after 72 h. Conclusion Both sludge and microplastics extracted from sludge can induce oxidative stress damage in zebrafish, and exposure time and concentration can interact to affect oxidative stress levels. The microplastics extracted from sludge have less effect on oxidative stress levels in zebrafish than sludge.

Objective:To explore the influencing factors of seroma after transabdominal preperitoneal prosthetic (TAPP) inguinal hernia by laparoscopy.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was used to analyze the clinical data of 320 patients with inguinal hernia who received TAPP in Fuyang Fifth People′s Hospital from December 2019 to December 2022, including 226 males and 94 females, with an average age of (61.46±10.22) years (range: 23-76 years). Patients were divided into seroma group ( n=18) and non-seroma group ( n=302) according to whether seroma occurred after surgery. Multivariate Logistic analysis was used to screen the influencing factors of seroma after TAPP tension-free repair, and based on Softmax strategy, the artificial neural network model was constructed with binary classification variables survival 0 (no outcome event occurred) and 1 (outcome event occurred) as outcome variables. receiver operating characteristics (ROC) and cumulative gain graph were used to analyze the model differentiation and application value. The measurement data of normal distribution were expressed as mean±standard deviation ( ± s), and independent sample t-test was used for comparison between groups. Chi-square test was used for comparison between count data groups. Results:The incidence of postoperative seroma in 320 patients was 5.63% (18/320), including 7 cases of type Ⅰ, 4 cases of type Ⅱ, and 7 cases of type Ⅲ, all of which were improved after symptomatic treatment. Combined with underlying diseases, anticoagulant drugs, duration of disease, operation time, intraoperative blood loss, hernia sac diameter, mesh fixation method, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were factors influencing seroma ofter TAPP in inguinal hernia patients ( OR=1.732, 2.414, 2.346, 1.480, 2.159, 1.725, 1.248, 2.179; 95% CI: 1.385-2.942, 1.764-3.176, 1.280-3.209, 1.263-2.275, 1.331-2.861, 1.308-2.239, 1.005-1.764, 1.644-2.982; P<0.05). The ROC curve and cumulative gain graph showed that the artificial neural network model could well predict the probability of postoperative seroma. Conclusions:The occurrence of seroma after TAPP tension-free repair in inguinal hernia patients is related to underlying diseases, taking anticoagulant drugs, course of disease, operation time, intraoperative blood loss, diameter of hernia sac, patch fixation method, NLR and many other factors. Clinical attention should be paid to these problems to reduce the incidence of postoperative seroma.

ObjectiveTo investigate the therapeutic effect of the frozen and fresh preparations of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells （hUC-MSC） on a rat model of liver cirrhosis after transplantation via the portal vein or the caudal vein. MethodsA total of 70 specific pathogen-free healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into normal group （13 rats fed with ordinary tap water and rat food） and liver cirrhosis model group （57 rats given subcutaneous multi-point injection of mixed carbon tetrachloride/olive oil solution）. At week 8， the growth of rats was observed for both groups， and 3 rats were selected from each group for histopathological examination to confirm the formation of liver cirrhosis. A total of 50 rats were selected from the liver cirrhosis model and were divided into model group， portal vein group+fresh cell preparation group， portal vein+frozen cell preparation group， caudal vein+fresh cell preparation group， and caudal vein+frozen cell preparation group using a random number table， with 10 rats in each group. Fresh or frozen hUC-MSC were transplanted via the portal vein or the caudal vein， and after 4 weeks of administration， the different groups were compared in terms of the changes in liver function parameters and liver fibrosis degree. Continuous data were expressed as mean±standard deviation， and the independent-samples t test was used for comparison between two groups； a one-way analysis of variance was used for comparison between multiple groups， and the least significant difference t-test was used for further comparison between two groups. ResultsAt week 8 of modeling， the model group showed the formation of pseudolobules of different sizes in the liver and met the diagnostic criteria for liver cirrhosis， with significant increases in the levels of alanine aminotransferase （ALT）， aspartate aminotransferase （AST）， total bilirubin （TBil）， and alkaline phosphatase （ALP） compared with the normal group （all P<0.001）， suggesting that the rat model of liver cirrhosis was established successfully. There were significant differences in the levels of ALT， AST， TBil， and ALP between the five groups （F=232.00， 177.10， 112.30， 121.70， all P<0.001）. Further comparison between two groups showed that the model group had significantly higher levels of ALT， AST， TBil， and ALP than the normal group （all P<0.01）， and the portal vein group+fresh cell preparation group， the portal vein+frozen cell preparation group， the caudal vein+fresh cell preparation group， and the caudal vein+frozen cell preparation group had significantly lower levels of ALT， AST， TBil， and ALP than the model group （all P<0.01）. ConclusionThere are significant improvements in liver function and liver fibrosis degree in a rat model of liver cirrhosis at week 4 after the transplantation of hUC-MSC， and frozen or fresh cell preparation and different transplantation approaches have no significant influence on treatment outcome.