Methods: Cervical radiographs were analyzed. EOP hyperplasia was classified into three subtypes with standardized length measurements. Variables encompassed demographics, ONL-related indices, and sagittal parameters. Subtype comparisons and multivariate regression analyses (with EOP length as dependent variable) were conducted. Results: Analysis of 187 CSM patients (64.2% male) identified gender-specific patterns: males exhibited greater EOP length (9.4±6.8 mm vs. 4.6±3.4 mm, p<0.001). Type III EOP demonstrated male predominance (82.4% vs. type I 31.8%, type II 51.4%; p<0.001), with associated longer hyperplasia length (11.6±6.6 mm vs. type II 5.1±1.9 mm, p<0.001). Type III EOP was associated with higher ONL prevalence (type III 64.8% vs. type I 45.5%, type II 41.9%; p=0.010) and longer ONL osteophyte length (type III 18.8±9.8 mm vs. type I 14.2±8.1 mm, type II 14.2±9.4 mm; p=0.046). Multivariate regression confirmed male sex (β=–3.82, p=0.009), ONL osteophyte length (β=0.16, p=0.017), T1 slope (β=0.27, p=0.041), and spino-cranial angle (β=–0.19, p=0.009) as factors independently associated with EOP length (adjusted R²=0.382). Conclusions Severe EOP hyperplasia exhibits a male-predominant distribution pattern and demonstrates significant radiological associations with ONL and cervical sagittal imbalance in CSM patients. These findings advocate for EOP evaluation in clinical evaluations to identify high-risk biomechanical profiles.

Methods: From March 2020 to March 2023, 100 inpatients with DS were classified into groups A, B, C, and D based on the CARDS classification system. Preoperative radiological data were analyzed to measure the severity of central canal stenosis, facet joint arthropathy, intervertebral disc herniation, and spinal epidural lipomatosis, osteophyte formation, range of motion (ROM), and computed tomography value of the vertebral bodies. The radiological characteristics and clinical contraindications for OLIF were compared among the groups. Results: Of the 100 patients, 51% had clinical contraindications for OLIF, which included 85%, 25%, 62.5%, and 20% of patients in groups A, B, C, and D, respectively. Compared with group B, group A demonstrated greater severity of central canal stenosis, whereas group C showed a higher degree of facet joint arthropathy. More patients in groups A and C had severe central canal stenosis. Regarding the ROM results, group A had segmental stiffness, whereas group D presented relatively unstable slip segments. Conclusions Patients with different DS subtypes have varied radiological characteristics. Groups B and D are suitable candidates for OLIF. Most patients in group A are unsuitable for OLIF because of bony hyperplasia, severe spinal stenosis, and segmental stiffness.

Methods: From March 2020 to March 2023, 100 inpatients with DS were classified into groups A, B, C, and D based on the CARDS classification system. Preoperative radiological data were analyzed to measure the severity of central canal stenosis, facet joint arthropathy, intervertebral disc herniation, and spinal epidural lipomatosis, osteophyte formation, range of motion (ROM), and computed tomography value of the vertebral bodies. The radiological characteristics and clinical contraindications for OLIF were compared among the groups. Results: Of the 100 patients, 51% had clinical contraindications for OLIF, which included 85%, 25%, 62.5%, and 20% of patients in groups A, B, C, and D, respectively. Compared with group B, group A demonstrated greater severity of central canal stenosis, whereas group C showed a higher degree of facet joint arthropathy. More patients in groups A and C had severe central canal stenosis. Regarding the ROM results, group A had segmental stiffness, whereas group D presented relatively unstable slip segments. Conclusions Patients with different DS subtypes have varied radiological characteristics. Groups B and D are suitable candidates for OLIF. Most patients in group A are unsuitable for OLIF because of bony hyperplasia, severe spinal stenosis, and segmental stiffness.

Methods: From March 2020 to March 2023, 100 inpatients with DS were classified into groups A, B, C, and D based on the CARDS classification system. Preoperative radiological data were analyzed to measure the severity of central canal stenosis, facet joint arthropathy, intervertebral disc herniation, and spinal epidural lipomatosis, osteophyte formation, range of motion (ROM), and computed tomography value of the vertebral bodies. The radiological characteristics and clinical contraindications for OLIF were compared among the groups. Results: Of the 100 patients, 51% had clinical contraindications for OLIF, which included 85%, 25%, 62.5%, and 20% of patients in groups A, B, C, and D, respectively. Compared with group B, group A demonstrated greater severity of central canal stenosis, whereas group C showed a higher degree of facet joint arthropathy. More patients in groups A and C had severe central canal stenosis. Regarding the ROM results, group A had segmental stiffness, whereas group D presented relatively unstable slip segments. Conclusions Patients with different DS subtypes have varied radiological characteristics. Groups B and D are suitable candidates for OLIF. Most patients in group A are unsuitable for OLIF because of bony hyperplasia, severe spinal stenosis, and segmental stiffness.

Nonunion of osteoporotic vertebral fractures (OVF), predominantly affecting the elderly, can lead to intractable pain, vertebral collapse, progressive kyphotic deformity, and neurological impairment, significantly compromising patients′ quality of life. There exists considerable debate on diagnosis and management of OVF, encompassing key issues such as clinical diagnosis and staging criteria for nonunion, surgical indications and procedure selection, and postoperative rehabilitation planning. Currently, there lacks standardized clinical guideline and expert consensus on the diagnosis and management of OVF nonunion in China. To address this gap, Minimally Invasive Surgery Group of Chinese Orthopedic Association, Osteoporosis Committee of Chinese Association of Orthopedic Surgeons, Prevention and Rehabilitation Committee for Osteoporosis of Chinese Association of Rehabilitation Medicine and Minimally Invasive Orthopedic Surgery Branch of China Association for Geriatric Care jointly organized domestic experts in spinal surgery, endocrinology, and rehabilitation to formulate the Clinical guideline for the diagnosis and treatment for nonunion of osteoporotic vertebral fractures ( version 2025), based on existing literature and clinical experience and adhering to principles of scientific rigor and practicality. The guideline provided 13 evidence-based recommendations encompassing diagnosis and treatment of OVF nonunion, aiming to standardize its clinical management.

Objective:To investigate the overall drug resistance, drug resistance trend and distribution of drug resistance mutation sites in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients with antiviral therapy failure in Yunnan Province.Methods:The demographic data and genotype drug resistance of HIV/AIDS population with antiviral therapy failure in Yunnan Province from January 2021 to December 2023 were collected and analyzed by cross-sectional investigation. Statistical analyses were performed using chi-square test.Results:Among 15 159 HIV/AIDS patients, 12 215 cases tested positive by amplification. The circulating recombinant form (CRF) 08_BC was the predominant genetic subtype, accounting for 54.97%(6 714/12 215), followed by CRF01_AE (16.14%(1 972/12 215)) and CRF07_BC (14.48% (1 769/12 215)). When the viral load was ≥200 to <1 000 copies/mL, the incidence of drug resistance was 21.48%(99/461). When it was ≥1 000 to <10 000 copies/mL, the incidence was 51.29%(2 867/5 590). When it was ≥10 000 to <100 000 copies/mL, the incidence was 69.39% (3 979/5 734). When it was ≥100 000 copies/mL, the incidence was 81.86%(352/430). A total of 7 297 drug resistant cases were detected, with a drug resistance rate of 59.74% (7 297/12 215), thus the estimated drug resistance incidence rate among the antiviral treated population in Yunnan Province was 2.00% (7 297/364 238). From 2021 to 2023, the annual drug resistance rates among patients were 60.71%(2 554/4 207), 60.28%(1 671/2 772), and 58.67% (3 072/5 236), respectively, with no statistically significant difference ( χ2=4.47, P=0.107). Among the population with antiviral therapy failure, the drug resistance rates of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI), nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI), and protease inhibitor (PI) were 93.70%(6 837/7 297), 44.10%(3 218/7 297) and 5.15%(376/7 297), respectively. The mutation sites with the highest frequencies among the three classes of drugs including NRTI, NNRTI and PI were M184V/I (46.13%(2 123/4 602)), K103N/S (37.14%(2 648/7 129)), L33F (15.50%(82/529)) and M46I/L (15.50%(82/529)), respectively. Analysis of the degree of drug resistance showed that among NNRTI drugs, nevirapine (49.01%(5 987/12 215)) and efavirenz (48.00%(5 863/12 215)) had the highest drug resistance rates, followed by emtricitabine (23.59%(2 882/12 215)) and lamivudine (23.58%(2 881/12 215)) among NRTI drugs. Conclusions:Among HIV/AIDS patients with antiviral therapy failure in Yunnan Province from 2021 to 2023, CRF08_BC is the main genetic subtype. The drug resistance rate of patients increases with the increase of HIV-1 viral load. There is no significant change in the drug resistance rate from 2021 to 2023. NNRTI has the highest drug resistance rate, followed by NRTI, and PI has the lowest. The main mutation sites are M184V/I for NRTI, K103N/S for NNRTI, and M46I/L and L33F for PI. The drug resistance rates of nevirapine, efavirenz, emtricitabine and lamivudine are relatively high.

Objective To explore the fear of ulcer recurrence in patients with diabetic foot and analyze its influencing factors,so as to provide strategies for medical staff to implement comprehensive and personalized nursing interventions.Methods From February 2024 to March 2025,convenience sampling was used to select inpatients and outpatients with diabetic foot ulcers from 6 tertiary hospitals in China as the survey subjects.The general information questionnaire,ADL,MNA,PSQI,Diabetic Foot Self-Management Behavior Scale and FOP-Q-SF were used to investigate and analyze the results.Results A total of 191 questionnaires were distributed and 186 valid questionnaires were returned,with an effective recovery rate of 97.38％.The total score of ulcer recurrence fear of diabetic foot patients was(31.78±7.41).Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that nutritional status,sleep quality,duration of diabetes,other chronic diseases,family per capita monthly income and medical insurance were the influencing factors of ulcer recurrence fear in patients with diabetic foot(P＜0.05).Conclusion Patients with diabetic foot have a high level of fear of ulcer recurrence.Nutritional status,sleep quality,duration of diabetes,combined with other chronic diseases,family per capita monthly income,and medical insurance are its influencing factors.Nursing staff should take targeted nursing measures according to its influencing factors to reduce the occurrence of patients' fear of ulcer recurrence.

Objective To explore the fear of ulcer recurrence in patients with diabetic foot and analyze its influencing factors,so as to provide strategies for medical staff to implement comprehensive and personalized nursing interventions.Methods From February 2024 to March 2025,convenience sampling was used to select inpatients and outpatients with diabetic foot ulcers from 6 tertiary hospitals in China as the survey subjects.The general information questionnaire,ADL,MNA,PSQI,Diabetic Foot Self-Management Behavior Scale and FOP-Q-SF were used to investigate and analyze the results.Results A total of 191 questionnaires were distributed and 186 valid questionnaires were returned,with an effective recovery rate of 97.38％.The total score of ulcer recurrence fear of diabetic foot patients was(31.78±7.41).Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that nutritional status,sleep quality,duration of diabetes,other chronic diseases,family per capita monthly income and medical insurance were the influencing factors of ulcer recurrence fear in patients with diabetic foot(P＜0.05).Conclusion Patients with diabetic foot have a high level of fear of ulcer recurrence.Nutritional status,sleep quality,duration of diabetes,combined with other chronic diseases,family per capita monthly income,and medical insurance are its influencing factors.Nursing staff should take targeted nursing measures according to its influencing factors to reduce the occurrence of patients' fear of ulcer recurrence.

Nonunion of osteoporotic vertebral fractures (OVF), predominantly affecting the elderly, can lead to intractable pain, vertebral collapse, progressive kyphotic deformity, and neurological impairment, significantly compromising patients′ quality of life. There exists considerable debate on diagnosis and management of OVF, encompassing key issues such as clinical diagnosis and staging criteria for nonunion, surgical indications and procedure selection, and postoperative rehabilitation planning. Currently, there lacks standardized clinical guideline and expert consensus on the diagnosis and management of OVF nonunion in China. To address this gap, Minimally Invasive Surgery Group of Chinese Orthopedic Association, Osteoporosis Committee of Chinese Association of Orthopedic Surgeons, Prevention and Rehabilitation Committee for Osteoporosis of Chinese Association of Rehabilitation Medicine and Minimally Invasive Orthopedic Surgery Branch of China Association for Geriatric Care jointly organized domestic experts in spinal surgery, endocrinology, and rehabilitation to formulate the Clinical guideline for the diagnosis and treatment for nonunion of osteoporotic vertebral fractures ( version 2025), based on existing literature and clinical experience and adhering to principles of scientific rigor and practicality. The guideline provided 13 evidence-based recommendations encompassing diagnosis and treatment of OVF nonunion, aiming to standardize its clinical management.

Objective:To investigate the overall drug resistance, drug resistance trend and distribution of drug resistance mutation sites in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients with antiviral therapy failure in Yunnan Province.Methods:The demographic data and genotype drug resistance of HIV/AIDS population with antiviral therapy failure in Yunnan Province from January 2021 to December 2023 were collected and analyzed by cross-sectional investigation. Statistical analyses were performed using chi-square test.Results:Among 15 159 HIV/AIDS patients, 12 215 cases tested positive by amplification. The circulating recombinant form (CRF) 08_BC was the predominant genetic subtype, accounting for 54.97%(6 714/12 215), followed by CRF01_AE (16.14%(1 972/12 215)) and CRF07_BC (14.48% (1 769/12 215)). When the viral load was ≥200 to <1 000 copies/mL, the incidence of drug resistance was 21.48%(99/461). When it was ≥1 000 to <10 000 copies/mL, the incidence was 51.29%(2 867/5 590). When it was ≥10 000 to <100 000 copies/mL, the incidence was 69.39% (3 979/5 734). When it was ≥100 000 copies/mL, the incidence was 81.86%(352/430). A total of 7 297 drug resistant cases were detected, with a drug resistance rate of 59.74% (7 297/12 215), thus the estimated drug resistance incidence rate among the antiviral treated population in Yunnan Province was 2.00% (7 297/364 238). From 2021 to 2023, the annual drug resistance rates among patients were 60.71%(2 554/4 207), 60.28%(1 671/2 772), and 58.67% (3 072/5 236), respectively, with no statistically significant difference ( χ2=4.47, P=0.107). Among the population with antiviral therapy failure, the drug resistance rates of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI), nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI), and protease inhibitor (PI) were 93.70%(6 837/7 297), 44.10%(3 218/7 297) and 5.15%(376/7 297), respectively. The mutation sites with the highest frequencies among the three classes of drugs including NRTI, NNRTI and PI were M184V/I (46.13%(2 123/4 602)), K103N/S (37.14%(2 648/7 129)), L33F (15.50%(82/529)) and M46I/L (15.50%(82/529)), respectively. Analysis of the degree of drug resistance showed that among NNRTI drugs, nevirapine (49.01%(5 987/12 215)) and efavirenz (48.00%(5 863/12 215)) had the highest drug resistance rates, followed by emtricitabine (23.59%(2 882/12 215)) and lamivudine (23.58%(2 881/12 215)) among NRTI drugs. Conclusions:Among HIV/AIDS patients with antiviral therapy failure in Yunnan Province from 2021 to 2023, CRF08_BC is the main genetic subtype. The drug resistance rate of patients increases with the increase of HIV-1 viral load. There is no significant change in the drug resistance rate from 2021 to 2023. NNRTI has the highest drug resistance rate, followed by NRTI, and PI has the lowest. The main mutation sites are M184V/I for NRTI, K103N/S for NNRTI, and M46I/L and L33F for PI. The drug resistance rates of nevirapine, efavirenz, emtricitabine and lamivudine are relatively high.