OBJECTIVE: To construct and validate a prognostic prediction model for children with sepsis using the Phoenix sepsis score (PSS). METHODS: A retrospective case series study was conducted to collect clinical data of children with sepsis admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) of the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University from January 2022 to April 2024. The data included general information, the worst values of laboratory indicators within the first 24 hours of PICU admission, PSS score, pediatric critical illness score (PCIS), and the survival status of the children within 30 days of admission. The statistically significant indicators in univariate Logistic regression analysis were included in multivariate Logistic regression analysis to screen the risk factors affecting the prognosis of children with sepsis and construct a nomogram model. The receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC curve) was drawn to evaluate the predictive performance of the model. The Bootstrap method was used to perform 1 000 repeated sampling internal verification and draw the calibration curve of the model. RESULTS: A total of 199 children with sepsis were included, of which 32 died and 167 survived 30 days after admission. In the univariate Logistic regression analysis, shock, white blood cell count (WBC), international normalized ratio (INR), lactic acid (Lac), PSS score, and PCIS score were identified as statistically significant predictors. These variables were then included in the multivariate Logistic regression analysis, which demonstrated that shock [odds ratio (OR) = 4.258, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) was 1.049-17.288], WBC (OR = 1.124, 95%CI was 1.052-1.210), and PSS score (OR = 1.977, 95%CI was 1.298-3.012) were independent risk factors for mortality in pediatric patients with sepsis (all P < 0.05). A nomogram model was constructed based on these three risk factors, with the model equation as follows: -4.809+1.449×shock+0.682×PSS score+0.117×WBC. The calibration curve results showed that the model's predictions were highly consistent with the actual observations. The ROC curve showed that when the Youden index of the prediction model was 0.792, the sensitivity and specificity were 90.6% and 88.6%, respectively, and the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.957 (95%CI was 0.930-0.984), which was higher than the AUC of shock, WBC, and PSS score alone (0.808, 0.667, 0.908, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Shock, WBC, and PSS score have demonstrated certain predictive value for mortality in children with sepsis. The nomogram model based on the above indicators has important clinical significance for evaluating the prognosis and guiding treatment of children with sepsis.
Humans ; Sepsis/diagnosis* ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Logistic Models ; Intensive Care Units, Pediatric ; Nomograms ; Child ; ROC Curve ; Risk Factors ; Male ; Female ; Child, Preschool ; Infant

Objective:To explore the interaction effect of diabetes and obesity on recurrence or anal fistula in patients with perianal abscess after simple incision and drainage.Methods:The clinical data of 163 patients with perianal abscess who underwent simple incision and drainage from Jun. 2021 to Jun. 2023 were analyzed retrospectively. The incidence of recurrence or anal fistula in 6 months after surgery was calculated. Multivariate Logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of postoperative recurrence or anal fistula. The multiplicative and additive models were used to analyze the interaction effect of diabetes and obesity on the risk of postoperative recurrence or anal fistula.Results:In 6 months after simple incision and drainage, the incidence of recurrence or anal fistula was 28.22% (46/163). Univariate analysis results showed that gender, obesity, and diabetes were related to recurrence of perianal abscess or incidence of anal fistula ( P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis results showed that obesity ( OR=2.447, 95% CI: 1.320-4.538) and diabetes ( OR=2.162, 95% CI: 1.187-3.938) were independent risk factors for postoperative recurrence or anal fistula ( P<0.05). Interaction effect analysis found that after adjusting for confounding factors, diabetes and obesity had additive interaction effect on the risk of postoperative recurrence or anal fistula. The relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI), attribution percentage (AP), and interaction effect index (S) were 1.829 (95% CI: 0.605-3.007), 0.405 (95% CI: 0.143-0.597), and 2.098 (95% CI: 1.201-3.172), respectively. There was no multiplicative interaction effect between the two ( P>0.05) . Conclusions:Diabetes and obesity are independent risk factors for recurrence or anal fistula in patients with perianal abscess after simple incision and drainage. The two may have synergistic effect on the risk of postoperative recurrence or anal fistula.

Objective:To isolate and identify a phage that can specifically lyse Salmonella enteritidis from the environment, and provide a theoretical and research basis for its use in food safety prevention and control through the exploration of the biological characteristics of the phage and the efficacy of lysing bacteria. Methods:The double-layer agar method was applied to isolate phages, and the pH stability, thermal stability, host range, one-step growth curve of the phage were determined. The phage morphology was observed by transmission electron microscopy. Next-generation sequencing was performed for the phage genome, and the lysis efficiency was evaluated.Results:Salmonella enteritidis phage JD01 had a (58±3) nm icosahedral head, a (120±5) nm tail, a thin bottom plate of about 17 nm and 5-6 spines at the tail end. The genome of phage JD01 was composed of 44 880 bp with a GC content of 50.17%, and it contained 63 putative open reading frames without any tRNA genes. The genome comparison and phylogenetic analysis revealed that phage JD01 was a novel phage belonging to the class Caudoviricetes, the family Guernseyvirinae, and the genus Jerseyvirus, lacking virulence genes and drug resistance genes. It survived below 70℃ and pH4.0-12.0, and the lysed bacteria had genus specificity. The phage JD01 had a good bactericidal effect on Salmonella enteritidis in contaminated liquid eggs. Conclusions:Phage JD01 has strong lytic activity and a wide host range, and has great potential application in food safety and control of Salmonella enteritidis pollution, which can be considered for the development of food safety biological control agents.

Objective:To isolate and identify a phage that can specifically lyse Salmonella enteritidis from the environment, and provide a theoretical and research basis for its use in food safety prevention and control through the exploration of the biological characteristics of the phage and the efficacy of lysing bacteria. Methods:The double-layer agar method was applied to isolate phages, and the pH stability, thermal stability, host range, one-step growth curve of the phage were determined. The phage morphology was observed by transmission electron microscopy. Next-generation sequencing was performed for the phage genome, and the lysis efficiency was evaluated.Results:Salmonella enteritidis phage JD01 had a (58±3) nm icosahedral head, a (120±5) nm tail, a thin bottom plate of about 17 nm and 5-6 spines at the tail end. The genome of phage JD01 was composed of 44 880 bp with a GC content of 50.17%, and it contained 63 putative open reading frames without any tRNA genes. The genome comparison and phylogenetic analysis revealed that phage JD01 was a novel phage belonging to the class Caudoviricetes, the family Guernseyvirinae, and the genus Jerseyvirus, lacking virulence genes and drug resistance genes. It survived below 70℃ and pH4.0-12.0, and the lysed bacteria had genus specificity. The phage JD01 had a good bactericidal effect on Salmonella enteritidis in contaminated liquid eggs. Conclusions:Phage JD01 has strong lytic activity and a wide host range, and has great potential application in food safety and control of Salmonella enteritidis pollution, which can be considered for the development of food safety biological control agents.

Objective:To construct the core indicators for entrustable professional activities in specialists in obstetrics and gynecology.Methods:A study group was formed by the specialists in obstetrics and gynecology and the experts in medical education. The core indicators for entrustable professional activities were constructed for the specialists in obstetrics and gynecology based on literature review and clinical practice, and then the Delphi method was used to conduct two rounds of expert letter consultation for screening and optimization from March 2021 to January 2023 to further identify the core indications.Results:The expert positive coefficient was 100% for the two rounds of consultation, with an expert authority coefficient of 0.82, and the Kendall's coefficient of concordance was 0.221 and 0.213, respectively (both P<0.01). Ten core indicators and their content descriptions were constructed for entrustable professional activities in obstetrics and gynecology specialists, and the experts had a degree of recognition of more than 80% for the importance of these ten entrustable professional activities, with a coefficient of variation of <0.25. This study determined the expected entrustable level of each indicator for specialists at the completion of the course, which ranged from grade 3 to 5; the highest level of 4.48 was observed for the diagnosis and treatment of outpatients, which was between the levels of mastery and expert; the lowest level of 3.52 was observed for laparoscopic hysterectomy, which was between the levels of competency and mastery. Conclusion:This study preliminarily constructs the core indicators for entrustable professional activities in specialists in obstetrics and gynecology, which provides a new exploration for the standardized training of specialists.

Objective:To explore the influencing factors of postoperative recurrence in patients with complex anal fistula, and to construct a nomogram model to predict the risk of postoperative recurrence and verify it.Methods:Clinical data of 310 patients with complex anal fistula who underwent fistulectomy in the hospital from Aug. 2019 to Mar. 2023 were retrospectively selected and divided into modeling group (93 cases) and validation group (217 cases) in a 3∶7 ratio according to system randomization method. Hospital electronic medical record system was used to collect patient baseline data and calculate the recurrence rate of patients 6 months after surgery. According to the data of the modeling group, multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of postoperative recurrence in patients with complex anal fistula. Based on the influencing factors, a nomogram model was established to predict the risk of postoperative recurrence, and external verification was performed based on the data of the validation group.Results:The recurrence rate at 6 months after operation was 20.43% (19/93) in the modeling group and 17.51% (38/217) in the validation group. There was no significant difference in recurrence rate between the two groups ( χ2=0.370, P=0.543) . The proportion of male, smoking history, diabetes mellitus, high anal fistula and unclear position of internal orifice in the recurrence group was higher than that in the non-recurrence group, and the body mass index and course of disease were higher than those in the non-recurrence group ( P<0.05) . Based on the above seven influencing factors, a nomogram model of the risk of recurrence of complex anal fistula after surgery was established. C index of the modeling group and the validation group was 0.984 and 0.798 respectively, the calibration curve was close to the ideal curve, and the Receiver operating characteristic AUC of the nomogram prediction model was>0.70, indicating that model consistency, prediction efficiency and differentiation were good. Conclusion:The nomogram prediction model based on gender, body mass index, smoking history, diabetes mellitus, course of disease, high anal fistula and internal orifice position can effectively predict the risk of postoperative recurrence in patients with complex anal fistula.

Chronic inflammation is critical in the onset and progression of atherosclerosis (AS). The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) level in the circulation system is elevated in AS patients and animal models, which is correlated with the severity of AS. Inspired by the underlying mechanism that LPS could drive the polarization of macrophages toward the M1 phenotype, aggravate inflammation, and ultimately contribute to the exacerbation of AS, LPS in the circulation system was supposed to be the therapeutic target for AS treatment. In the present study, polymyxin (PMB) covalently conjugated to PEGylated liposomes (PLPs) were formulated to adsorb LPS through specific interactions between PMB and LPS. In vitro, the experiments demonstrated that PLPs could adsorb LPS, reduce the polarization of macrophages to M1 phenotype and inhibit the formation of foam cells. In vivo, the study revealed that PLPs treatment reduced the serum levels of LPS and pro-inflammatory cytokines, decreased the proportion of M1-type macrophages in AS plaque, stabilized AS plaque, and downsized the plaque burdens in arteries, which eventually attenuated the progression of AS. Our study highlighted LPS in the circulation system as the therapeutic target for AS and provided an alternative strategy for AS treatment.

Objective To study the effect of emergency nursing on the clinical treatment time and prognosis of patients with acute cerebral infarction.Methods A total of 98 severe traumatic brain injury patients in ICU in our hospital were randomly divided into control group and study group, with 49 cases in each group.The control group was given conventional nursing measures, and the observation group was given evidence-based nursing intervention.The treatment time, neurological function, activity function and nosocomial infection in the two groups were compared.Results The mechanical ventilation time, ICU treatment time and hospitalization time in the observation group were significantly lower than in the control group (P<0.05);After nursing, the NIHSS score and FMA score in the observation group were significantly better than in the control group (P<0.05);The incidences of pressure ulcer, wound infection, gastrointestinal tract infection, pulmonary infection and urinary tract infection in the observation group were significantly lower than in the control group (P<0.05).Conclusion The evidence-based nursing intervention can significantly shorten clinical treatment time, improve the neurological function and activity function, and has positive preventive effects on nosocomial infection.

Objective To study the effect of emergency nursing on the clinical treatment time and prognosis of patients with acute cerebral infarction.Methods A total of 98 severe traumatic brain injury patients in ICU in our hospital were randomly divided into control group and study group, with 49 cases in each group.The control group was given conventional nursing measures, and the observation group was given evidence-based nursing intervention.The treatment time, neurological function, activity function and nosocomial infection in the two groups were compared.Results The mechanical ventilation time, ICU treatment time and hospitalization time in the observation group were significantly lower than in the control group (P<0.05);After nursing, the NIHSS score and FMA score in the observation group were significantly better than in the control group (P<0.05);The incidences of pressure ulcer, wound infection, gastrointestinal tract infection, pulmonary infection and urinary tract infection in the observation group were significantly lower than in the control group (P<0.05).Conclusion The evidence-based nursing intervention can significantly shorten clinical treatment time, improve the neurological function and activity function, and has positive preventive effects on nosocomial infection.

Trace elements is the main content in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology courses through students' self-study.This topic takes the trace elements as the content of open video courses to make the medical students and the public be able to scientifically understand the relationship between trace elements and human health and pay attention to the influence of dietary nutrition and environmental pollution on human society.This course is based on audience online teaching rules and online learning needs,to achieve high-quality resources sharing and popularity as the goal,using typical case,vividly describes the source of the common trace element,function,and the relationship between health and disease.In the course construction,we realize that the selection of teaching content,optimization of teachers,professional recording team are the basic elements of the success of open video courses production.The combination of open video courses and flipped classroom teaching has gained a high degree of satisfaction in improving students' independent learning ability,expanding knowledge and so on.