Purpose: C5α receptor 1 (C5ΑR1) is associated with the development of various human cancers. However, whether it is involved in the development of hepatitis B virus (HBV)–related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is poorly understood. We explored the expression, biological role, and associated mechanisms of C5AR1 in HBV-related hepatoma cells. Materials and Methods: The expression of C5ΑR1 mediated by HBV and HBV core protein (HBc) was detected in hepatoma cells. The function of nuclear factor кB (NF-κB) pathway in HBc-induced C5AR1 expression was assessed. The roles of C5ΑR1 in the activation of intracellular signal pathways, the upregulation of inflammatory cytokines, and the growth and migration of hepatoma cells mediated by HBc, were investigated. The effect of C5α in the development of HCC mediated by C5AR1 was also measured. Results: C5ΑR1 expression was increased in HBV-positive hepatoma cells. Dependent on HBc, HBV enhanced the expression of C5ΑR1 at the mRNA and protein levels. Besides, HBc could promote C5ΑR1 expression via the NF-κB pathway. Based on the C5ΑR1, HBc facilitated the activation of JNK and ERK pathways and the expression and secretion of interleukin-6 in hepatoma cells. Furthermore, C5ΑR1 was responsible for enhancing the growth and migration of hepatoma cells mediated by HBc. Except these, C5α could promote the malignant development of HBc-positive HCC via C5AR1. Conclusion We provide new insight into the mechanisms of hepatocarcinogenesis mediated by HBc. C5ΑR1 has a significant role in the functional abnormality of hepatoma cells mediated by HBc, and might be utilized as a potential therapeutic target for HBV-related HCC.

Purpose: C5α receptor 1 (C5ΑR1) is associated with the development of various human cancers. However, whether it is involved in the development of hepatitis B virus (HBV)–related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is poorly understood. We explored the expression, biological role, and associated mechanisms of C5AR1 in HBV-related hepatoma cells. Materials and Methods: The expression of C5ΑR1 mediated by HBV and HBV core protein (HBc) was detected in hepatoma cells. The function of nuclear factor кB (NF-κB) pathway in HBc-induced C5AR1 expression was assessed. The roles of C5ΑR1 in the activation of intracellular signal pathways, the upregulation of inflammatory cytokines, and the growth and migration of hepatoma cells mediated by HBc, were investigated. The effect of C5α in the development of HCC mediated by C5AR1 was also measured. Results: C5ΑR1 expression was increased in HBV-positive hepatoma cells. Dependent on HBc, HBV enhanced the expression of C5ΑR1 at the mRNA and protein levels. Besides, HBc could promote C5ΑR1 expression via the NF-κB pathway. Based on the C5ΑR1, HBc facilitated the activation of JNK and ERK pathways and the expression and secretion of interleukin-6 in hepatoma cells. Furthermore, C5ΑR1 was responsible for enhancing the growth and migration of hepatoma cells mediated by HBc. Except these, C5α could promote the malignant development of HBc-positive HCC via C5AR1. Conclusion We provide new insight into the mechanisms of hepatocarcinogenesis mediated by HBc. C5ΑR1 has a significant role in the functional abnormality of hepatoma cells mediated by HBc, and might be utilized as a potential therapeutic target for HBV-related HCC.

Objective To evaluate the risk factors and sonographic findings of pregnancies complicated by placenta increta or placenta percreta. Methods Totally, 2219 cases were retrospectively analyzed from 20 tertiary hospitals in China from January 2011 to December 2015. The data were collected based on the original case records. All cases were divided into two groups, the placenta increta (PI) group (79.1％, 1755/2219) and the placenta percreta (PP) group (20.9％, 464/2219), according to the degree of placental implantation. The risk factors and sonographic findings of placenta increta or percreta were analyzed by uni-factor and logistic regression statistic methods. Results The risk factors associated with the degree of placental implantation were age, gravida, previous abortion or miscarriage, previous cesarean sections, and placenta previa (all P<0.05), especially, previous cesarean sections (χ2=157.961) and placenta previa (χ2=91.759). Sonographic findings could be used to predict the degree of placental invasion especially the boundaries between placenta and uterine serosa, the boundary between placenta and myometrium, the disruption of the placental-uterine wall interface and loss of the normal retroplacental hypoechoic zone(all P<0.01). Conclusions Previous cesarean sections and placenta previa are the main independent risk factors associated with the degree of placenta implantation. Ultrasound could be used to make a prenatal suggestive diagnosis of placenta accreta spectrum disorders.

Objective To investigate the effect of full nutrition management on cancer patients with chemotherapy, and to support theory bases for the standardized clinical nutrition of cancer patients. Methods From January 2016 to December 2017, a total of 88 patients with the first chemotherapy were recruited and randomly divided into experimental group and control group, with 44 patients in each group. These patients all complied with the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and volunteered for the study. The two groups all received the same of anti-tumor treatment and the same conventional nutritional support (according to the results of nutrition screening and nutrition assessment, the nutritional support was formulated and patients′dietary guidance was given), while only patients of the experimental group were given full nutritional management, including regularly following up the patient′s condition changes, gastrointestinal reactions, and the feed. According to the five-step treatment model of malnutrition, nutritional support was improved in a timely manner, and appropriate nutritional support was provided. At the end of chemotherapy, the change of weight, albumin, prealbumin, hemoglobin was compared with that before treatment in the two groups. Results After chemotherapy, albumin, prealbumin, hemoglobin had no obvious drop compared with that before treatment in two groups (P>0.05). The patients of experimental group showed stable weight after chemotherapy: (53.39 ± 9.24) kg vs. (54.66 ± 9.41) kg, P>0.05. Weight loss in the control group after chemotherapy was statistically significant:(54.61 ± 10.76) kg vs. (56.52 ± 10.46) kg, P<0.05. Conclusions The full nutritional management can help maintain nutrition status during chemotherapy, especially can prevent the weight loss.

Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of botulinum toxin type A for injection in the treatment of post-stroke upper limb spasticity (dosage was 200 U,or 240 U if combined with thumb spasticity).Methods The study was a multi-center,stratified block randomized,double-blind,placebocontrolled trial.All the qualificd subjects were from 15 clinical centers from September 2014 to February 2016.They were randomized (2∶1) to injections of botulinum toxin type A made in China (200-240 U;n =118) or placebo (n =60) in pivotal phase after informed consent signed.The study was divided into two stages.The pivotal trial phase included a one-week screening,12-week double-blind treatment,followed by an expanded phase which included six-week open-label treatment.The tone of the wrist,finger,thumb flexors was assessed at baseline and at weeks 0,1,4,6,8,12,16 and 18 using Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS),disability in activities of daily living was rated using the Disability Assessment Scale and impaction on pain,muscle tone and deformity was assessed using the Global Assessment Scale.The primary endpoint was the score difference between botulinum toxin type A and placebo groups in the tone of the wrist flexor using MAS at six weeks compared to baseline.Results Muscle tone MAS score in the wrist flexor of botulinum toxin type A and placebo groups at six weeks changed-1.00 (-2.00,-1.00) and 0.00 (-0.50,0.00) respectively from baseline.Botulinum toxin type A was significantly superior to placebo for the primary endpoint (Z =6.618,P ＜ 0.01).The safety measurement showed 10 subjects who received botulinum toxin type A had 13 adverse reactions,with an incidence of 8.47％ (10/118),and three subjects who received placebo had three adverse reactions,with an incidence of 5.00％ (3/60) during the pivotal trial phase.All adverse reactions were mild to moderate,none serious.There was no significant difference in adverse reactions incidence between the botulinum toxin type A and the placebo groups.During the expanded phase three subjects had four adverse reactions and the incidence was 1.95％.All adverse reactions were mild,none serious.Conclusion Botulinum toxin type A was found to be safe and efficacious for the treatment of post-stroke upper limb spasticity.Clinical Trial Registration:China Drug Trials,CTR20131191

Objective: To retrospectively analyze the serum calcium level in sepsis patients, understand the influencing factors of abnormality calcium metabolism, and analyze the effect of serum calcium level on sepsis prognosis. Methods: From January 1, 2017 to January 31, 2018, clinical data about sepsis patients admitted hospital were collected. The patients were divided into 2 groups according the levels of serum calcium measured in patients admitted in 24 h: normal serum calcium group (serum calcium 2.03-2.67 mmol/L), and low serum calcium group (serum calcium<2.03 mmol/L). And this study did not find hypercalcemia patients. The data about laboratory test index were compared between two groups. Results: Fifty-two cases were included in this study, including 14 cases of normal serum calcium and 38 cases of hypocalcemia, and the incidence rate of hypocalcemia was 73.1%(38/52). The level of serum calcium in hypocalcemia group was (1.78 ± 0.17) mmol/L, and was (2.16 ± 0.14) mmol/L in normal serum calcium group. The main position of infections in patients with sepsis were digestive system, respiratory system and urinary system. Compared with that in the normal serum calcium group, the number of malnutrition patients in the hypocalcemia group was more. The total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), prealbumin (PAB) and total cholesterol (TCH) in the nutritional status of the patients were lower, the sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) scores was higher, the prothrombin activity (PTA) was lower, the prothrombin time (PT) was prolonged, and international normalized ratio (INR) was increased. The differences were statistically significant (P<0.05 or <0.01). Pearson correlation test was used to screen the tests and scores related to the concentration of serum calcium. The results showed that the serum calcium concentration was negatively correlated with the level of SOFA scores, procalcitonin (PCT), PTA, thrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and INR (r=- 0.431, - 0.361, - 0.441, - 0.431, - 0.427, - 0.420, P<0.01 or<0.05), and the serum calcium concentration was positively correlated with TCH, TP, ALB and PAB (r=0.442, 0.475, 0.463, 0.419, P<0.01). Conclusions Hypocalcemia is related to the nutritional status of the body, and is related to coagulation function, serum protein level, PCT concentration and SOFA scores. The decrease of serum calcium indicates that multiple organ dysfunction syndrome may occur, and should be paid more attention to.

Objective:To study parameters of MRI image in different tissue differentiation,cell type of primary liver cancer.Methods:The pathological results and MRI data of regeneration nodules (27),hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (81 total;15,highly differentiated;40,moderately differentiated;26,low-grade differentiation),intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) (20) were retrospectively analyzed and compared To compare the difference of ADC values,strengthen degree among the regeneration nodules,HCC and ICC,and among HCC tissue differentiation.Results:Most cases of primary liver cancer can be accurately diagnosed by conventional MRI combined with LAVA.there are statistically significant differences of ADC values among regenerative nodules,HCC,ICC (P＜0.01),and among highly,moderately,poorly differentiated HCC groups (P＜0.01).But there is not actual clinical significance of the ADC values between moderately and poorly HCC.there is no statistically significant difference of the ADC values between highly differentiated HCC and ICC (P=0.27).Conclusion:Conventional MRI combining with DWI,LAVA can help distinguish the primary liver cancer differentiation degree and the cell type.

Objective To investigate the status quo of nutrition knowledge,attitude and practice(KAP) among elite female small ball athletes of Guangdong province and its influencing factors.Their serum ferritin was also observed to explore its correlation with their KAP,so as to provide evidences for formulating and implementing scientific and reasonable nutrition education schemes.Methods Fifty-four female small ball athletes,including 20 handball,20 hockey and 14 softball players,were selected to complete a self-designed diet questionnaire based on KAP education mode and their serum ferritin indicators were analyzed at the same time.Results (1)The average scores(all out of 100)of nutrition knowledge (K),attitude (A) and practice (P) were 43.64 ± 11.66 (with a failure rate of 90.7％),78.37 ± 10.21 (with the rate of excellence of 59.3％)and 63.10 ± 10.17(with a passing rate of 37.0％),and the average KAP score was 185.10 ± 23.01,with a passing rate of 44.4％.(2)The one-way ANOVA found that there were significant differences in the average A score and the total KAP score (P＜0.05) among the athletes of different small ball teams.The correlation analysis results showed that the average A score was of significant positive correlation to the average P score.Moreover,the average KAP total score was of significant correlation with sports events (P＜0.05) and the education level (P＜0.05),but not with the age,training period and exercise level(P＞0.05).The multiple stepwise regression analysis results showed that training period(P＜0.05) and sports events(P＜0.05) was the influencing factor of nutrition knowledge and attitude respectively,and that education level (P＜0.01) was the influencing factor of both nutrition practice and KAP.(3)Significant differences were found in the serum ferritin among athletes of different sports events(P＜0.05)the serum ferritin was of significant positive correlation with the nutrition knowledge(P＜0.05).Conclusion (1)The lack of sports nutrition knowledge and the unbalance of nutrition behavior are common in elite female small ball athletes,but they had a positive attitude.It is necessary to carry out a series of effective nutrition education programs to improve their sports nutrition knowledge,cultivate their good nutrition attitudes and finally formulate rational and effective nutritional intervention measures to promote the formation of healthy nutrition behavior of athletes.(2) The sport event is the key influencing factor of the nutrition attitude and dietary behaviors,which suggests that more more attention should be paid to athletes' dietary management and focus should be put on their diary behavior on no-training days and on their energy ratios control of each meal,especially breakfast and extra meals,and rational intake of snacks.(3)The incidence of iron deficiency is consistent with KAP questionnaire survey results,which indicates that it may be an effective measure to prevent iron deficiency anemia through strengthening athletes' dietary nutrition education.

Objective To develop a portbable incubator for on-site cultivation of microorganisms in foods and drinking water.Methods Cultivation temperature was set as required by the temperature for various microorganisms and PID was controlled via the single chip microcomputer and configuration screen .Then, the framework of the incubator was designed and assembled.Finally, the cultivation effect was tested .Results The incubator was compact and portable .The deviation of the temperature was in the range of 1℃.The hold time of self-contained power could exceed 8 h.In addition, the cultivation effect of our fabricated incubator was not significantly different from that of the commercial electro-heating standing-temperature cultivator used in laboratories .Conclusion The incubator is suitable for on-site detection of microorganisms in foods and drinking water , which is significant for spotting and removing the hidden dangers from microorganism contaminations in foods and drinking water in order to protect the health of soldiers .

Objective To explore pain reliving method and nursing measures of patients with advanced cancer so as to improve patients’life quality.Methods 80 patients with advanced cancer were randomly divided into observation group with 40 patients and control group with 40 patients,the control group was given regular oral analgesics in accordance with the principle of three ladders dosage while observation group was given local analgesic patches based on the control group,and the patches was changed daily with effective nursing measures.Analgesic effect in the two groups was observed.Results The pain of patients in the two groups was relieved after pain relieving mesures,and the analgesic effect in observation group was obviously better than that of control group (P <0.05).Conclusion Traditional Chinese medical patches combined with oral analgesics could enhance the analgesic effect,reduce the analgesic drug dosage,reduce patient pain and improve patients’life quality.