Normal heart function depends on complex regulation by the brain, and abnormalities in the brain‒heart axis affect various diseases, such as myocardial infarction and anxiety disorders. However, systematic tracking of the brain regions associated with the input and output of the heart is lacking. In this study, we injected retrograde transsynaptic pseudorabies virus (PRV) and anterograde transsynaptic herpes simplex virus (HSV) into the left ventricular wall of mice to identify the whole-brain regions associated with the input to and output from the heart. We successfully detected PRV and HSV expression in at least 170 brain subregions in both male and female mice. Sex differences were discovered mainly in the hypothalamus and medulla, with male mice exhibiting greater correlation and hierarchical clustering than female mice, indicating reduced similarity and increased modularity of virus expression patterns in male mice. Further graph theory and multiple linear regression analysis of different injection timelines revealed that hub regions of PRV had highly similar clusters, with different brain levels, suggesting a top-down, hierarchically transmitted neural control pattern of the heart. Hub regions of HSV had scattered clusters, with brain regions gathered in the cortex and brainstem, suggesting a bottom-up, leapfrog, multipoint neural sensing pattern of the heart. Both patterns contain many hub brain regions that have been previously overlooked in brain‒heart axis studies. These results provide brain targets for future research and will lead to deeper insight into the brain mechanisms involved in specific heart conditions.
Animals ; Male ; Female ; Heart/physiology* ; Mice ; Herpesvirus 1, Suid ; Brain/physiology* ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Brain Mapping ; Efferent Pathways/physiology* ; Afferent Pathways/physiology* ; Simplexvirus ; Sex Characteristics

[Objective]Based on the theory of latent pathogen pathogenesis,to explore the etiology and pathological evolution of eczema in children from cold regions,providing insights for the treatment of pediatric eczema with traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).[Methods]Through a literature review of medical classics such as Huangdi Neijing,Shanghan Lun,Fuxie Xinshu and Linzheng Zhinan Yi'an,the etiology,pathogenesis and therapeutic methods of latent dryness contributing to pediatric eczema were analyzed.This analysis integrated the pathogenesis mechanisms of latent pathogens,climatic characteristics of cold regions and the constitutional traits of children in these areas.And a case was added for proof.[Results]The dry and cold regional climate and a constitution characterized by chronic Yin deficiency are critical factors in latent dryness-induced pediatric eczema.The formation of latent dryness arises either from lingering exogenous dryness pathogens or endogenous dryness transformation due to body fluid depletion,compounded by the body's failure to achieve timely recuperation.During acute exacerbation,treatment should focus on symptom management by using acrid-dispersing herbs that do not impair Yin.In the latent phase,therapy should target the root cause by strengthening the lung-defensive system,regulating constitution and harmonizing emotional states to eliminate latent dryness and maintain the robustness of healthy Qi.The attached test case was of wet sore(blood deficiency and wind dryness syndrome),which was treated by nourishing Yin and moistening dryness,to remove wind and stop itching,and achieved satisfactory curative effect.[Conclusion]Latent dryness is a significant etiological factor in pediatric eczema,influenced by climatic and constitutional elements.Treatment should prioritize symptom control during acute phases and emphasize reinforcing healthy Qi,cultivating primordial Qi,and expelling latent pathogens during remission to reduce recurrence.This approach aligns with TCM principles of addressing urgency versus chronicity and highlights the importance of region-specific and constitution-guided therapies.

Objective To explore the distribution of circuit-qi indicators at birth in the patients with chronic atrophic gastritis(CAG)based on five-circuit and six-qitheory,and to summarize their congenital circuit-qi endowment features,so as to explore treatment strategies for CAG accordingly.Methods From January 2018 to December 2023,a total of 2 046 cases of patients with CAG admitted to Shenzhen Bao'an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine(i.e.,Shenzhen Bao'an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital)were selected,and the distribution of the five-circuit and six-qiindicators at birth in the patients was analyzed by using the SPSS 24.0 statistical software.The features of the congenital circuit-qi endowment were summarized,and then the corresponding treatment strategies were put forward.Results The CAG patients had the highest proportions of circuit-qiendowment features at birth,showing as the yearly circuit being deficiency fire circuit,the dominant circuit being metal circuit,the dominant qibeing yangmingdryness-gold,the guest qibeing taiyangcold-water,and sitianbeing shaoyangminister fire and zaiquanbeing j ueyinwind-wood,and the differences in the distribution of the dominant circuit,dominant qi,and guest qiwere statistically significant(P<0.05 or P<0.01),but differences in the distribution of the yearly circuit and sitian/zaiquanwere not statistically significant(P>0.05).The analysis of the combined circuit-qifeatures at birth showed that the proportion of patients with CAG born in the year of celestial restriction,mildly-rebellious year and disharmony year was the highest,and the proportion of those born in the convergent year and iso-convergent year was the lowest,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).Conclusion The congenital circuit-qiendowment of patients with CAG is characterized by liver depression and qistagnation,dryness and coldness.Therefore,the treatment for CAG should be from the perspective of the liver,with the method of soothing liver and harmonizing stomach,supplemented by nourishing yin to moisten dryness,and protecting yang qiof the spleen and stomach.The combined use of acup-moxibustion and Chinese medicines is recommended.

[Objective]Based on the theory of latent pathogen pathogenesis,to explore the etiology and pathological evolution of eczema in children from cold regions,providing insights for the treatment of pediatric eczema with traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).[Methods]Through a literature review of medical classics such as Huangdi Neijing,Shanghan Lun,Fuxie Xinshu and Linzheng Zhinan Yi'an,the etiology,pathogenesis and therapeutic methods of latent dryness contributing to pediatric eczema were analyzed.This analysis integrated the pathogenesis mechanisms of latent pathogens,climatic characteristics of cold regions and the constitutional traits of children in these areas.And a case was added for proof.[Results]The dry and cold regional climate and a constitution characterized by chronic Yin deficiency are critical factors in latent dryness-induced pediatric eczema.The formation of latent dryness arises either from lingering exogenous dryness pathogens or endogenous dryness transformation due to body fluid depletion,compounded by the body's failure to achieve timely recuperation.During acute exacerbation,treatment should focus on symptom management by using acrid-dispersing herbs that do not impair Yin.In the latent phase,therapy should target the root cause by strengthening the lung-defensive system,regulating constitution and harmonizing emotional states to eliminate latent dryness and maintain the robustness of healthy Qi.The attached test case was of wet sore(blood deficiency and wind dryness syndrome),which was treated by nourishing Yin and moistening dryness,to remove wind and stop itching,and achieved satisfactory curative effect.[Conclusion]Latent dryness is a significant etiological factor in pediatric eczema,influenced by climatic and constitutional elements.Treatment should prioritize symptom control during acute phases and emphasize reinforcing healthy Qi,cultivating primordial Qi,and expelling latent pathogens during remission to reduce recurrence.This approach aligns with TCM principles of addressing urgency versus chronicity and highlights the importance of region-specific and constitution-guided therapies.

Objective:To provide clues for in-depth research on radiation protection in deep space exploration missions by reviewing the biological effects of space radiation and biological protection technologies. Literature resource and selection 　Domestic and abroad relevant literatures were searched and reviewed. Literature quotation 　Thirty-nine papers published in China and abroad were cited. Literature synthesis 　Space radiation is the most important environmental harmful factor that affects the health and mission completion of astronauts in deep space exploration missions. It can cause multiple organ cancers throughout the body, degenerative diseases of cardiovascular, central nervous systems, and ocular lens, and acute radiation syndrome of the bone marrow, brain, and gastrointestinal tracts. The effect mechanisms include free radical production, oxidative stress, DNA and other biomolecular breaks, inflammation, cell apoptosis, and bystander effects. Biological protection can be carried out according to the characteristics of the mechanism at different stages of the development of space radiation effects. Conclusions:Deep space radiation can cause health risks such as cancer, degeneration, and acute radiation syndrome, which can be mainly protected and alleviated by reducing free radicals, promoting DNA repair, and inhibiting cell apoptosis.

Objective To explore the effects of Buxue Shengsui Recipe on anemia and immune injury in zebrafish and its mechanism.Methods Tg(gata1a:DsRed)zebrafish was used as experimental subjects to establish phenylhydrazine-induced zebrafish anemia model.To observe the effect of different concentrations of Buxue Shengsui Recipe on the average strength of zebrafish dorsal blood vessels.Besides,Tg(lysc:DsRed)zebrafish was used as experimental subjects to establish immune injury model of zebrafish induced by chloramphenicol and vinorelbine.To observe the effect of Buxue Shengsui Recipe on the number of neutrophils in zebrafish tail.The expression of interleukin 6(IL-6),interleukin 10(IL-10)and tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α)mRNA was detected by Real time-PCR.Results Compared with the model group,0.5 mg·mL-1 and 2 mg·mL-1 Buxue Shengsui Recipe significantly increased the average strength of zebrafish dorsal blood vessels(P<0.01)in a dose-dependent manner.2 mg·mL-1 Buxue Shengsui Recipe significantly reversed the decrease of neutrophils caused by chloramphenicol and vinorelbine(P<0.01).Compared with the model group,the expression of IL-6 and IL-10 mRNA of zebrafish in Buxue Shengsui formula group was significantly increased(P<0.05 or P<0.01),and TNF-α mRNA expression was significantly decreased(P<0.05).Conclusion Buxue Shengsui Recipe can improve the anemia state of zebrafish induced by phenylhydrazine,and has obvious protective effect on the immune injury of zebrafish induced by chloramphenicol and vinorelbine,which is related to the up-regulation of cytokines IL-6,IL-10 and the down-regulation of TNF-α.

Objective:To provide clues for in-depth research on radiation protection in deep space exploration missions by reviewing the biological effects of space radiation and biological protection technologies. Literature resource and selection 　Domestic and abroad relevant literatures were searched and reviewed. Literature quotation 　Thirty-nine papers published in China and abroad were cited. Literature synthesis 　Space radiation is the most important environmental harmful factor that affects the health and mission completion of astronauts in deep space exploration missions. It can cause multiple organ cancers throughout the body, degenerative diseases of cardiovascular, central nervous systems, and ocular lens, and acute radiation syndrome of the bone marrow, brain, and gastrointestinal tracts. The effect mechanisms include free radical production, oxidative stress, DNA and other biomolecular breaks, inflammation, cell apoptosis, and bystander effects. Biological protection can be carried out according to the characteristics of the mechanism at different stages of the development of space radiation effects. Conclusions:Deep space radiation can cause health risks such as cancer, degeneration, and acute radiation syndrome, which can be mainly protected and alleviated by reducing free radicals, promoting DNA repair, and inhibiting cell apoptosis.

Parvalbumin interneurons belong to the major types of GABAergic interneurons. Although the distribution and pathological alterations of parvalbumin interneuron somata have been widely studied, the distribution and vulnerability of the neurites and fibers extending from parvalbumin interneurons have not been detailly interrogated. Through the Cre recombinase-reporter system, we visualized parvalbumin-positive fibers and thoroughly investigated their spatial distribution in the mouse brain. We found that parvalbumin fibers are widely distributed in the brain with specific morphological characteristics in different regions, among which the cortex and thalamus exhibited the most intense parvalbumin signals. In regions such as the striatum and optic tract, even long-range thick parvalbumin projections were detected. Furthermore, in mouse models of temporal lobe epilepsy and Parkinson's disease, parvalbumin fibers suffered both massive and subtle morphological alterations. Our study provides an overview of parvalbumin fibers in the brain and emphasizes the potential pathological implications of parvalbumin fiber alterations.
Mice ; Animals ; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe/pathology* ; Parvalbumins/metabolism* ; Parkinson Disease/pathology* ; Neurons/metabolism* ; Interneurons/physiology* ; Disease Models, Animal ; Brain/pathology*

Male ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Testicular Neoplasms/diagnosis* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed