Objective To explore the mechanism of ginsenoside Rg1 in alleviating heat stress-induced testicular injury in mice.Methods A total of 20 C57BL/6 male mice(6～8 weeks old)were randomly divided into 4 groups(n=5).The mice from the control group and heat stress(HS)group were intraperitoneally injected with 10 mL/(kg·d)0.9％normal saline for 14 d,while those in the HS+Rg1 group and the Rg1 group were given an intraperitoneal injection of 20 mg/(kg·d)for 14 d,and then on the 7th day after administration,the mice in the HS group and the HS+Rg1 group had the lower abdomen put into a 43 ℃ water bath for 30 min as a single heat stress after being anesthetized with 4％chloral hydrate.Mouse spermatocytes GC-2spd(ts)were divided into control group(routine culture for 48 h),HS group(placed in a 43 ℃ water bath for 30 min after 36 h of conventional culture,and cultured till the end of 48 h),HS+Rg1 group(50 μmol/L Rg1 treatment followed by heat stress injury),and Rg1 group(no heat stress injury).In 1 d after modeling,the eyeball blood samples were collected to detect serum testosterone with ELISA,and the testicles were extracted to observe the morphology and weighed to calculate the testicular index.HE staining was used to observe the histopathology of testis,and corresponding reagents and kits was employed to detect the content of malondialdehyde(MDA)and activities of catalase(CAT)and superoxide dismutase(SOD)in testis tissue.After the epididymal sperm were collected,the sperm concentration and motility were analyzed by computer-assisted sperm analysis(CASA)system.In in vitro experiments,cell apoptosis was detected with TUNEL staining,the protein levels of Nrf2,Keap1,HO-1,Bax,Bcl-2 and Caspase3 were detected with Western blotting,and the mRNA levels of GCLC,GCLM and NQO1 were detected by RT-qPCR.Results Rg1 prevented the decreases in testicular weight and testicular index caused by heat stress,reduced the damage of testicular tissue structure,prevented the decrease of sperm concentration and vitality,antagonized the decreasd number of Leydig cells and serum testosterone level,reduced the accumulation of MDA in testicular tissue,and enhanced the activities of CAT and SOD.Rg1 treatment alleviated the apoptosis of GC-2spd(ts)cells,down-regulated the expression of Bax,Caspase3 and Keap1 proteins,enhanced the expression of Bcl-2,Nrf2 and HO-1 proteins,and increased the transcriptional levels of Nrf2 target genes GCLC,GCLM and NQO1.Conclusion Rg1 has no significant effect on the structure and function of mouse testes,but it can effectively improve the ability of mouse testes to resist heat stress injury,which may be related to the activation of Nrf2 signaling pathway,the improvement of antioxidant enzyme activity,and the reduction of apoptosis of spermatogenic cells.

Objective:To explore hot spots and trend of medical education quality assurance research in China and provide reference for future research.Methods:We searched the database of CNKI, VIP, Wanfang Database for published studies on quality assurance of medical education research in China. In the form of knowledge mapping, word frequency analysis, social network analysis and cluster analysis were used to explore the research hot spots from the perspective of high frequency keywords. SATI3.2 and Excel tables were used as statistical analysis tools for bibliographic information, the field extraction and word frequency statistics of literature keywords. Using SPSS 20.0, cluster analysis was carried out according to the similarity matrix of high frequency keywords co-occurrence.Results:Totally 249 articles were included in the study and 33 high frequency words were taken into account. The research hot spots of medical education quality assurance in China were divided into four categories: the practical application of medical education quality assurance, the effective methods of medical education quality assurance, the exploration of the construction of medical education quality assurance system, and the management of medical teaching quality assurance.Conclsion:Medical education in our country should perfect the safeguard measures to form characteristic theory framework, explore other methods for medical education quality assurance, establish medical education education quality guarantee system, and strengthen the teaching quality monitoring. The future researches should comply with the national "Double First-rate" construction and the development trend of international medical education, and enhance the research of connotative quality assurance.

Background: The efficacy of ustekinumab (UST) in the treatment of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been affirmed abroad, but its efficacy and safety have not been reported in China due to its short term of use. Aims: To analyze the clinical efficacy and safety of UST in the treatment of IBD. Methods: The clinical data of IBD patients treated with UST from November 2020 to June 2022 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University were analyzed retrospectively. Results: A total of 46 patients with IBD treated with UST were enrolled, including 41 patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) and 5 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). At the 8

Activation of the heart normally begins in the sinoatrial node (SAN). Electrical impulses spontaneously released by SAN pacemaker cells (SANPCs) trigger the contraction of the heart. However, the cellular nature of SANPCs remains controversial. Here, we report that SANPCs exhibit glutamatergic neuron-like properties. By comparing the single-cell transcriptome of SANPCs with that of cells from primary visual cortex in mouse, we found that SANPCs co-clustered with cortical neurons. Tissue and cellular imaging confirmed that SANPCs contained key elements of glutamatergic neurotransmitter system, expressing genes encoding glutamate synthesis pathway (Gls), ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptors (Grina, Gria3, Grm1 and Grm5), and glutamate transporters (Slc17a7). SANPCs highly expressed cell markers of glutamatergic neurons (Snap25 and Slc17a7), whereas Gad1, a marker of GABAergic neurons, was negative. Functional studies revealed that inhibition of glutamate receptors or transporters reduced spontaneous pacing frequency of isolated SAN tissues and spontaneous Ca

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of rosmarinic acid (RA) on mitophagy and hypertrophy of cardiomyocytes exposed to high glucose (HG). METHODS: Rat cardiomyocytes (H9c2) exposed to HG (25 mmol/L) were treated with 50 μmol/L RA or with both RA treatment and Parkin siRNA transfection, with the cells cultured in normal glucose (5.5 mmol/L) and HG as the controls. The expressions of PINK1, Parkin and LC3II/LC3I in the cells were detected by Western blotting. The formation of mitochondrial autophagosomes was observed by transmission electron microscope. Flow cytometry was employed to detect the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptotic rate of the cells. The activities of respiratory chain complex enzymes were measured by spectrophotometry. Fluorescence enzyme labeling and RESULTS: RA treatment significantly increased the expression levels of PINK1, Parkin and LC3-II/I ( CONCLUSIONS RA can protect rat cardiomyocytes against oxidative stress injury and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy induced by HG by activating Parkin-mediated mitophagy.
Animals ; Cinnamates ; Depsides ; Glucose ; Hypertrophy ; Mitophagy ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; Protein Kinases ; Rats ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/genetics*

Objective:To construct clinical nursing procedure of pulmonary rehabilitation for thoracoscopic surgery of lung cancer, and to test its application effect.Methods:The control group ( n=41) received routine nursing care from December 2018 to May 2019; the intervention group ( n=41) received clinical nursing pathway of pulmonary rehabilitation from June to October, 2019. The 6MWT, Brog score and incidence of pulmonary complications and quality of life were compared between the two groups. Results:The results showed that 6-minute walk test (6 MWT) was (471.22±54.89) m, (325.38±17.65) m, and (407.27±13.84) m before surgery, at discharge time and 30 d after discharge, in the intervention respectively, which were longer than those of the control group [(440.95±70.51) m, (306.69±21.49) m, and (355.94±26.10) m] ( t values were -2.169, -4.304, -11.128, P<0.05). The total incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications was 4.9% (2/41) in the intervention, which was less than 19.5%(8/41) in the control group ( χ2 value was 0.088, P<0.05). The values of physical function and cognitive function 30 d after surgery was 80(73, 87), 83(83, 83) in the intervention, respectively, higher than those of the control group [73 (33,80), 83 (67,100)] ( Z values were 2.862, 2.448, P<0.05). The fatigue, pain, dyspnea, insomnia and loss of appetite scores was significantly lower (P<0.05). Conclusion:Clinical nursing procedure of pulmonary rehabilitation for patients undergoing thoracoscopic surgery of lung cancer can promote and conducive the cardiopulmonary endurance, reduce the risk of postoperative pulmonary complications, increase the level of physical and cognitive function, improve postoperative symptoms and the quality of life.

Background: The incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is increasing in China in recent years, and the impact of psychological factors on IBD has been widely concerned. Aims: To investigate the psychological status of IBD patients and the influencing factors for anxiety and depression disorders. Methods: A total of 358 inpatients with IBD admitted from Oct. 2018 to Dec. 2019 at the Xijing Hospital were recruited; 170 patients with colonic polyps were served as controls. The presence of anxiety and depression were determined using the Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS), respectively. Demographics, disease characteristics, and medication information were also collected. Influencing factors for anxiety and depression disorders were analyzed by logistic regression model. Results: (1) The prevalence of anxiety and depression disorders, as well as the score of SAS and SDS were higher in IBD patients than in controls (P<0.05). (2) CD was associated with a higher prevalence of comorbid depression as compared with UC (P<0.05). (3) SAS and SDS score in active CD were higher than those in remission stage (P<0.05). (4) SAS and SDS score in active IBD increased in parallel with the increase of disease activity (P<0.05). (5) College education or above (OR=8.888, 95% CI: 1.714-46.095, P=0.009 for anxiety; OR=3.831, 95% CI: 1.039-14.760, P=0.008 for depression), and the severe active disease (OR=12.293, 95% CI: 1.501-100.679, P=0.041 for anxiety; OR=3.230, 95% CI: 1.051-5.506, P=0.040 for depression) were risk factors for anxiety and depression, while serving as a office clerk was a protective factor for depression (OR=0.620, 95% CI: 0.113-0.928, P=0.043). (6) SAS and SDS score decreased after 3 months of medication in IBD patients (P<0.05); SDS score of infliximab treatment group was lower than that of 5-aminosalicylic acid and steroid treatment groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: The prevalence of anxiety and depression disorders in IBD patients is considerably high. The degree of anxiety and depression is closely related to the disease activity. After standard treatment, the degree of anxiety and depression decreased. IBD patients at risk for anxiety and depression disorders should be screened for psychological comorbidities and appropriate psychotherapy should be offered.

Objective To explore the differences in autophagic expression levels between hypertrophic scar (HS) tissue and normal skin tissue,and further investigate the relationship between hypertrophic scar formation and autophagy protein expression through the rabbit ear hypertrophic scar model.Methods 30 patients with hypertrophic scar were collected.One hypertrophic scar tissue and one normal skin tissue were harvested.The relative expressions of LC3,P62 and Beclin-1 in each tissue specimen were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot.Western blot was used to detect the autophagic-associated protein LC3 (MAPLC3),P62 and Beclin-1 in the hypertrophic scar tissue of rabbit ear and the corresponding normal tissue of rabbit ears at 4 weeks,8 weeks,12 weeks,and 24 weeks,and further explore their clinical significance.Results In vivo,the expression of hypertrophic scar tissue protein LC3 and Beclin-1 was significantly stronger than that in normal skin tissue (P ＜ 0.05).The expression of P62 was significantly weaker than that in normal skin tissue (P ＜ 0.05).In animal experiments,during the process of HS formation,the protein expression of LC3 gradually increased,while the protein expression of P62 gradually decreased;the protein expression of Beclin-1 was higher than that of normal rabbit ears tissue,with statistically significant differences (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The expression of LC3 and Beclin-1 in human hypertrophic scar tissues is higher than that in normal tissues.While the expression of P62 is lower than that in normal tissues.That is,the expression of autophagy in human hypertrophic scar tissue showed an upward trend in a certain period of time,and was significantly higher than that in normal tissue.

Objective: To explore the application of Doppler ultrasound to assess the stability of pelvic ring in treatment of lateral-compression-1 (LC-1) pelvic fractures. Methods: For this prospective study 38 patients with LC-1 pelvic fracture were enrolled who had been admitted to the Department of Orthopedic Trauma, Honghui Hospital from July 2016 to November 2017. They were 22 men and 16 women with an age of 55.2±16.1 years. After the patient's condition was stable, they underwent a Doppler ultrasound examination in the pelvic compression separation test. According to the criteria preset: those with a left-right mobility ≥ 0.3 cm were assigned as an unstable group (16 cases) and those with a mobility<0.3 cm as a stable group (22 cases). The stable group received conservative treatment while the unstable group surgical treatment. The 2 groups were compared in terms of mobility of fracture ends, follow-up time, weight-bearing time, fracture healing time, and the Majeed scores of pelvic function at the last follow-up. Results: The 2 groups were compatible due to their insignificant differences in baseline data(P>0.05). The mobility of fracture ends (left-right distance: 0.45±0.22 cm; anterior-posterior distance: 0.26±0.16 cm; oblique distance: 0.50±0.23 cm) in the unstable group was all significantly greater than in the stable group (left-right distance: 0.11±0.03 cm; anterior-posterior distance: 0.05±0.04 cm; oblique distance: 0.11±0.07 cm) (P<0.05). The weight-bearing time in the stable group (0.9±0.5 months) was significantly shorter than that in the unstable group (1.9±2.0 months) (Z=-2.353, P=0.019). There were no significant differences between the 2 groups in follow-up time (13.9±3.8 months versus 15.1±3.0 months), fracture healing time (4.6±1.3 months versus 4.5±1.2 months) or the Majeed scores (84.8±6.4 versus 80.3±12.2) (all P>0.05). Conclusions Since ultrasonography is helpful in assessment of the stability of LC-1 pelvic fractures, a proper treatment strategy can be decided. Stable ones can be treated conservatively and unstable ones surgically.

Objective To conduct simulation analysis on support performance of the stent by using finite element method, and optimize structure parameters of the stent by using Kriging surrogate model, so as to provide more scientific guidance for clinical treatment with design and development of the stent. Methods The contact model was established by penalty function method. The generalized variational principle was selected as theoretical basis of the numerical simulation, and the theory of Kriging surrogate model was used for finite element optimization on support stiffness of the stent, so as to study the effect from the number of circumferential support, the length of the support and the initial diameter on support performance of the stent. Results With the increase of the number of circumferential support or the length of the support, the support performance showed the decreasing tendency; with the increase of the initial diameter, the support performance showed the increasing tendency. From seven stents by using the theory of Kriging surrogate model, it was concluded that structural parameters of the optimal stent were: the number of circumferential support was six, the length of the support was 1.15 mm, and the initial diameter was 1.65 mm. Conclusions The numerical result agreed well with the experimental data and the error was smaller than 5%, and the error rate of experimental repeatability was within 0.5%, which verified effectiveness and rationality of the finite element analysis. The optimization of support performance provides an important reference for design and exploration of new magnesium alloy stent.