ObjectiveTo investigate differential metabolites associated with browning in the post-harvest processing of Pinelliae Rhizoma， providing data support for elucidating the key metabolites and metabolic pathways involved in browning， and developing safe and efficient sulfur-free processing techniques. MethodsUltra-performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole/linear ion trap mass spectrometry（UPLC-QTRAP-MS/MS） was used to detect the metabolites of Pinelliae Rhizoma at different browning stages（0， 8， 16 h） for widely targeted metabolomics. Subsequently， Multivariate statistical analysis of metabolites was conducted using principal component analysis（PCA）， hierarchical cluster analysis（HCA）， orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis（OPLS-DA）， and K-means cluster analysis. Differential metabolites at different browning stages were screened based on variable importance in the projection（VIP） value>1 and |log₂fold change（FC）|≥1， and metabolic pathway enrichment analysis was performed using Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes（KEGG）. ResultsA total of 1 416 metabolites were identified across the three browning stages of Pinelliae Rhizoma， predominantly comprising amino acids and their derivatives（239）， lipids（219）， alkaloids（156）， phenolic acids（121）， terpenoids（113）， and flavonoids（111）. A two-by-two comparison of the three browning phases， yielded 622 differential metabolites that were significantly enriched in the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis， flavone and flavonol biosynthesis， and purine metabolic pathway. Further analysis revealed that carbohydrates such as D-mannose and turanose， phenolic acids such as 1-O-caffeoyl-6-O-glucosyl-β-D-glucose， dicaffeoylshikimic acid， and flavonoids such as epigallocatechin gallate， vitexin-7-O-rutinoside， luteolin-7-O-（6″-malonyl）glucoside-5-O-arabinoside， catechin gallate， epicatechin gallate， isovitexin-7-O-glucoside-2″-O-rhamnoside， apigenin-7-O-rutinoside-4ʹ-O-sophoroside， 3，5，3ʹ，4ʹ，5ʹ-penta-hydroxyflavan-7-gallate may act as browning substrates and play important roles in the browning process. ConclusionCarbohydrates， phenolic acids， and flavonoids may serve as key substrates in the browning process of Pinelliae Rhizoma， involving pathways such as phenylpropanoid biosynthesis， flavone and flavonol biosynthesis， and purine metabolism， which can provide a theoretical basis for further exploration of the browning mechanism.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the clinical effect of needle cauterization on vitiligo with deficiency cold and blood stasis. METHODS: A total of 62 patients of vitiligo with deficiency cold and blood stasis were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, 31 cases each group.On the basis of 308 nm excimer light irradiation combined with ironing with Chinese medicine, the control group was treated with tacrolimus ointment for external use, twice a day; the observation group was treated with needle cauterization at vitiligo spots, once a week.Both groups were treated for 10 weeks. Before and after treatment, the area of vitiligo spot, TCM syndrome score, serum levels of inflammatory indexes (interleukin[IL]-6 and IL-17) were observed in the two groups, and the clinical effect was evaluated. RESULTS: After treatment, the areas of vitiligo spot, TCM syndrome scores and serum levels of IL-6, IL-17 were decreased compared with those before treatment in both groups (P<0.05), and the above indexes in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). The total effective rate in the observation group was 93.5% (29/31), which was higher than 77.4% (24/31) in the control group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Needle cauterization could reduce the areas of vitiligo spot in patients of vitiligo with deficiency cold and blood stasis, improve the clinical symptoms, its mechanism may be related to the reduction of serum levels of inflammatory indexes.
Humans ; Vitiligo/physiopathology* ; Male ; Female ; Adult ; Young Adult ; Middle Aged ; Adolescent ; Interleukin-6/blood* ; Interleukin-17/blood* ; Cautery ; Acupuncture Therapy/instrumentation* ; Needles ; Cold Temperature ; Treatment Outcome

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are multifunctional growth factors of the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) superfamily. They regulate steroid secretion from mammalian granulosa cells, promote granulosa cell survival and proliferation, and inhibit follicular atresia, luteinization, and granulosa cell apoptosis, thereby promoting the development and maturation of mammalian follicles. At the same time, BMPs play an important role in embryonic morphogenesis, induction of uterine receptivity, and blastocyst attachment. This paper describes the effects of BMPs on mammalian follicular and embryonic development and the roles of BMPs in female reproduction, focusing on the process in which BMPs promote follicular maturation by regulating steroid secretion from granulosa cells during mammalian oocyte maturation. This review aims to provide a reference for further research on mammalian oocyte culture and improvement of reproductive efficiency in female animals.
Animals ; Embryonic Development/drug effects* ; Female ; Bone Morphogenetic Proteins/pharmacology* ; Reproduction/physiology* ; Humans ; Granulosa Cells/cytology* ; Oocytes

ObjectiveTo investigate the current status and related factors of maternal influenza vaccination willingness among pregnant and postpartum women in Shanghai and Liaoning Province, China, and to explore the facilitators and barriers affecting vaccination uptake, so as to provide references for future practices in promoting maternal influenza immunization in China. MethodsA convergent mixed-methods research was conducted. From January to March 2024, a questionnaire survey was conducted among women attending prenatal and postnatal care at 7 medical institutions in Shanghai and Dalian, Liaoning Province, which aimed to assess pregnant women’s knowledge about influenza vaccine and their willingness to vaccination during pregnancy, as well as to identify the related factors. In addition, purposive sampling method was used to conduct in-depth interviews with pregnant women and perinatal healthcare service providers to explore their perspectives on influenza vaccination during pregnancy, including the reasons for their willingness or unwillingness to receive ( or recommend) the vaccine, and the relevant facilitators and barriers to vaccination. ResultsA total of 366 pregnant and postpartum women participated in the questionnaire survey, and 9.56% (35/366) of them were willing to receive the influenza vaccine during pregnancy. The results of multivariate logistic stepwise regression analyses showed that primipara (aOR=0.158, 95%CI: 0.037‒0.671, P=0.012), family members’ support for influenza vaccination during pregnancy (aOR=0.015, 95%CI: 0.003‒0.082, P<0.001) were associated with higher willingness to receive influenza vaccine during pregnancy. Absence of influenza infection during pregnancy (aOR=5.383, 95%CI: 1.801‒16.092, P<0.001), and lack of knowledge regarding influenza vaccination during pregnancy (aOR=11.294, 95%CI: 3.593‒35.496, P<0.01) were associated with lower willingness to receive influenza vaccine during pregnancy. Qualitative findings indicated that the facilitators to vaccination willingness among pregnant and postpartum women included the recommendation of healthcare service providers, adequate knowledge of influenza vaccine information and family members’ support for vaccination. Conversely, the barriers to vaccination willingness included low recommendation from the healthcare service providers, lack of knowledge about the safety of influenza vaccine during pregnancy and inadequate attention to influenza and influenza vaccine. ConclusionThe willingness to receive influenza vaccination among pregnant and postpartum women in Shanghai and Liaoning Province is relatively low. It is recommended that China should promptly improve the evidence-based system for the safety and efficacy of influenza vaccines for pregnant and postpartum women, along with an establishment of the mechanism for addressing adverse reactions. Furthermore, it is essential to enhance educational outreach to pregnant and postpartum women, their families, and healthcare service providers, thereby increasing the accessibility of information regarding influenza vaccination, which are expected to enhance the willingness of pregnant and postpartum women to receive the vaccine.

Objective To investigate the value of serum thymidine kinase 1(TK1),hypoxia-inducible fac-tor-1α(HIF-1α)and squamous cell carcinoma antigen(SCC)in the diagnosis and prognosis of esophageal cancer.Methods A total of 105 patients with esophageal cancer treated in the Qinhuai Medical Zone of East-ern Theater General Hospital from February 2019 to October 2021 were selected as the study group,and 80 healthy subjects were selected as the control group during the same period.The serum levels of TK1,HIF-1αand SCC were compared between study group,control group and patients with different pathological charac-teristics.Patients with esophageal cancer were followed up for 3 years,and the overall survival(OS)and pro-gression-free survival(PFS)were recorded.Receiver operating characteristic curve was used to analyze the di-agnostic efficiency of serum TK1,HIF-1α and SCC combined detection for esophageal cancer,Pearson correla-tion analysis was used to analyze the correlation between the serum indicators,and Kaplan-Meier survival a-nalysis was used to analyze the OS and PFS of patients with different serum levels of TK1,HIF-1α and SCC.Multivariate COX regression was performed to analyze prognostic factors.Results Compared with the control group,the serum TK1,HIF-1α and SCC levels in the study group increased(P＜0.05).The area under the curve(AUC)of serum TK1,HIF-1α,SCC alone and combined for diagnosis of esophageal cancer were 0.893,0.744,0.841,0.922,respectively,and their combined diagnoses of esophageal cancer had the largest AUC.Se-rum TK1,HIF-1α and SCC in patients with different TNM stages and differentiation stages were significantly different(P＜0.05).Serum TK1,HIF-1α and SCC in patients with lymph node metastasis were higher than those without lymph node metastasis(P＜0.05).Serum TK1 was positively correlated with HIF-1α and SCC levels in patients with esophageal cancer(P＜0.05).The survival functions of OS and PFS in TK1,HIF-1αand SCC low expression group were better than those in high expression group(P＜0.05).Multivariate COX regression analysis showed that low differentiation and lymph node metastasis were independent risk factors for poor prognosis in esophageal cancer patients(P＜0.05).Conclusion Serum levels of TK1,HIF-1α and SCC are increased in patients with esophageal cancer,the combined diagnosis of the three is effective.The high expression of TK1 and HIF-1αand SCC will shorten OS and PFS.

Objective To explore the predictive value of combined serum soluble hemoglobin scavenger receptor 163(sCD163),hypersensitive C-reactive protein(hs-CRP),and procalcitonin(PCT)for stroke-associated pneumonia(SAP).Methods A total of 100 patients with acute ische-mic stroke admitted to the First Hospital of Zhangjiakou from October 2021 to January 2023 were se-lected as the study subjects.According to whether they developed SPA within 7 days of admission,they were divided into SAP group(n=64)and non-SAP group(n=36).Based on pneumonia se-verity index(PSI),patients in the SAP group were further divided into mild SAP group and severe SAP group.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to detect the serum levels of sCD163,hs-CRP,and PCT.The clinical data of the patients were collected and compared.Pearson's method was used to analyze the correlation between the PSI score and the serum levels of sCD163,hs-CRP,and PCT in SAP patients.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was employed to screen for factors influencing the occurrence of SAP.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analy-sis was used to evaluate the predictive efficacy of serum sCD163,hs-CRP,and PCT for the occur-rence of SAP.Results The proportion of patients with dysphagia and the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS)score in the SAP group were significantly higher than those in the non-SAP group(P＜0.05).The serum levels of sCD163,hs-CRP,and PCT in the SAP group were significantly higher than those in the non-SAP group(P＜0.05).The serum levels of sCD163,hs-CRP,and PCT in the severe SAP group were significantly higher than those in the mild SAP group(P＜0.05).Pearson's correlation analysis showed that the PSI score was positively correlated with the serum levels of sCD163,hs-CRP and PCT in SAP patients(r=0.356,0.413,0.391,P＜0.001).Logistic regression analysis revealed that serum sCD163,hs-CRP,PCT,NIHSS score,and dysphagia were all influencing factors for the occurrence of SAP(P＜0.05).The areas under the curve(AUC)for predicting SAP using serum sCD163,hs-CRP,PCT and their combina-tion were 0.842,0.924,0.866 and 0.973,respectively,with sensitivities of 73.44％,84.37％,67.19％and 90.62％,and specificities of 88.89％,83.33％,97.22％and 94.44％,respectively.The predictive value of the combined detection was superior to that of the individual detection of ser-um sCD163,hs-CRP and PCT(P＜0.05).Conclusion The serum levels of sCD163,hs-CRP,and PCT are elevated in SAP patients,and their changes are closely related to the severity of the disease.The combined detection of these three indicators has a high value in predicting the occur-rence of SAP and may serve as auxiliary markers for predicting early SAP.

bjective　To analyze the drug resistance screening status and drug resistance influencing factors of high-risk groups of drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis in Qingdao, and to understand the inclusion of rifampicin patients in treatment, so as to provide a reference for the prevention and treatment of drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis. Methods　The medical records of 726 cases of drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis among high-risk populations registered in Qingdao from 2018 to 2022 were obtained from the National Health Insurance Information System of the China Center for Disease Control and Prevention. The drug resistance to five anti-tuberculosis drugs, namely isoniazid (INH), rifampicin (RFP), ethambutol (EMB), levofloxacin (Lfx), and amikacin (Am), in the high-risk populations of drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis was analyzed. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used toidentify factors influencing rifampicin resistance, and the detection and inclusion of treatment for rifampicin-resistant patients were evaluated. Results　Of the 726 subjects, 278 were drug-resistant, with a total drug resistance rate of 38.29%. The drug resistance for the five anti-tuberculosis drugs in descending order was: INH 25.90%(188/726), RFP 22.87%(166/726), Lfx 14.19%(103/726), EMB 11.29%(82/726), Am 2.48%(18/726). Analysis of the drug resistance spectrum showed that among those resistant to one drug, RFP was most common, accounting for 13.67% (38/278); among those resistant to two drugs, INH+RFP was predominant, accounting for 15.83% (44/278); among those resistant to three drugs, INH+RFP+Lfx was most frequent, at 7.19% (22/278); and among those resistant to four drugs, INH+RFP+EMB+Lfx was highest, at 6.12% (17/278). Multivariate logistic regression analysis of rifampicin resistance showed that compared with patients under 25 years of age, the risk of developing rifampicin resistance was lower in the groups aged 45 to under 65 and those aged 65 and above (OR=0.356, 95%CI: 0.181-0.700; OR=0.352, 95%CI: 0.170-0.729). Compared with migrant patients in other provinces, local patients from within the same county or district had a lower risk of developing rifampicin resistance (OR=0.599, 95%CI:0.383-0.962). Compared with patients who were smear-positive at the end of the second month of initial treatment, the risk of developing rifampicin resistance was higher in patients with relapse/return, failure of retreatment/chronic, and other categories of patients (OR=9.380, 95%CI:3.717-23.671;OR=25.749, 95%CI:8.037-82.490; OR=36.651, 95%CI:8.438-159.201). Conclusions　The situation of drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis in Qingdao cannot be ignored. Individuals under 25 years old, migrants from other provinces, and patients with relapse/return, failure of retreatment/chronic, and other categories are significant risk factors for developing rifampicin resistance in the high-risk groups of drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis.

ObjectiveTo reveal the pharmacodynamic substances for the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma by structure-activity omics. MethodOn the basis of the previous study about the screening of active components in vitro， this study explored the effects of flavonoids in Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma in vivo. The flavonoids in Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and their direct targets for the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects were obtained from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform （TCMSP）， PharmMapper， Swiss TargetPrediction， DisGeNET， and Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man （OMIM）. STRING and Cytoscape 3.7.2 were employed to establish the protein-protein interaction （PPI） network of key targets. Molecular docking was performed to simulate the binding of five targets with high degrees to flavonoids in Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma， on the basis of which the key core targets were selected. The targets were used as a bridge to correlate the structures and effects of one or more classes of chemical components in Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma. According to the binding affinity between flavonoids with different structures in Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and targets， the relationships between compound structures and core targets were discussed. ResultThe flavonoids in Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma reduced the content of prostaglandin E₂ （PGE₂） in the rat model of pain induced by formalin， demonstrating definite anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. Sixty active compounds （flavonoids） with anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma were obtained. With the total score as the standard， prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 （PTGS2） and mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 （MAPK3） were selected as the key core targets of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma for the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. Except that flavones showed selectivity of binding to MAPK3， the other flavonoids of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma showed strong binding to PTGS2 and MAPK3， and the structures containing glycoside fragments showed stronger binding affinity to the targets. The introduction of chain olefins in the ring of chalcones facilitated the binding to the targets. The isopentenyl fragment in flavonols may cause the difference in binding affinity. The parallel combination of a ring into pyran ring in flavanes was not conducive to the binding to the target. The electric charge， liposolubility， and steric hindrance of the substituent group on the B ring of isoflavones directly affected the binding affinity. ConclusionThis study adopts structure-activity omics to analyze the material basis for the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma. Structure-activity omics provides new ideas and methods for predicting the pharmacodynamic substances of traditional Chinese medicine.

Objective To investigate the potential effect and mechanism of curcumin in inhibiting synaptic injury in the cortex of rats with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. Methods Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into sham-operated group, model group, low-dose curcumin (50 mg/kg) group, and high-dose curcumin (100 mg/kg) group. A model of middle cerebral artery occlusion for 2 hours and reperfusion for 24 hours was constructed, and curcumin was administered. Based on the neurological function score, the effects of curcumin on cerebral infarct volume, synaptic ultrastructure changes, inflammatory cell infiltration, and the expression of NLRP3, Caspase-1, Synapsin1, and CAMKⅡ were observed after the end of the animal treatment. Results The neurological function scores were 0, 3.25±0.43, 2.50±0.50, and 1.50±0.50 for the sham-operated group, model group, low-dose curcumin group, and high-dose curcumin group, respectively. The percentage of cerebral infarct volume was 0, (38.89±2.21)%, (33.48±1.77)%, and (23.69±2.19)%, respectively. Compared with the sham operation group, the model group had severe synaptic ultrastructure damage, extensive inflammatory cell infiltration, significantly increased expression of Caspase-1 and NLRP3 (P < 0.5), and significantly decreased expression of Synapsin1 and CAMKⅡ (P < 0.5). Curcumin treatment significantly inhibited synaptic damage, reduced inflammatory cell infiltration, decreased the expression of Caspase-1 and NLRP3 (P < 0.5), and increased the expression of Synapsin1 and CAMKII (P < 0.5), when compared with the model group. Conclusion Ischemia-reperfusion-mediated synaptic injury in rat brain triggers an inflammatory response in cortical nerve cells, and curcumin alleviates synaptic damage and reduces brain injury by inhibiting inflammatory factor levels.

The contents, application progress, application effect and optimization strategy of group pregnancy health care model were reviewed, in order to provide reference for the establishment of standardized intervention and health management practice strategies of rural women′s pregnancy care in line with China′s national conditions.