Objective:To explore the short-term clinical efficacy, safety and patients' prognostic influencing factors of CyberKnife for the treatment of brain metastases in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Methods:A retrospective case series study was conducted. The clinical data of 58 NSCLC patients who received CyberKnife treatment for brain metastases at Jilin Cancer Hospital from July 2020 to January 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. At 3 months after CyberKnife treatment for brain metastases, and the efficacy of radiotherapy was evaluated on the basis of changes of brain metastases detected by contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the head. Overall survival (OS) and local recurrence-free survival (LRRFS) were analyzed in 58 patients by using the Kaplan-Meier method; the efficacy of cumulative brain metastasis volume for determining the survival of CyberKnife-treated NSCLC patients with brain metastases was analyzed by using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve with the survival status of patients during the follow-up period as the gold standard, and the optimal cut-off value of cumulative brain metastasis volume was obtained; the clinical factors affecting OS and LRRFS of CyberKnife-treated NSCLC patients with brain metastases were analyzed by univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models, and the adverse reactions associated with CyberKnife treatment were evaluated.Results:Among the 58 patients, 26 (44.8%) were male and 32 (55.2%) were female, with a median age [ M ( Q1, Q3)] of 64 years old (56 years old, 70 years old); there were 1-7 brain metastatic lesions in each patient, and there were 98 brain metastatic lesions in the 58 patients. There were 2 deaths (3.4%) within 3 months after CyberKnife treatment. At 3 months after treatment, there were 3 cases (5.4%) in complete remission, 36 cases (64.3%) in partial remission, 13 cases (23.2%) in stable disease, and 4 cases (7.1%) in disease progression in the remaining 56 patients. ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve for determining the survival of CyberKnife-treated NSCLC patients with brain metastases based on the cumulative brain metastasis volume was 0.593 (95% CI: 0.423-0.763), and the optimal cut-off value of cumulative brain metastasis volume was 15 cm 3. Median follow-up time was 12.6 months (7.5 months, 17.9 months). The 6- and 12-month OS rates were 91.3% and 79.5%, respectively, and the 6- and 12-month LRRFS rates were 93.0% and 89.2%, respectively. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the Karnofsky functional status score (>70 points vs. ≤70 points, HR= 0.103, 95% CI: 0.019-0.545, P = 0.007), control of extracranial tumor (controlled vs. uncontrolled, HR = 0.145, 95% CI: 0.049-0.429, P < 0.001), cumulative brain metastasis volume (≤15 cm 3vs. >15 cm 3, HR = 0.105, 95% CI: 0.028-0.399, P = 0.001) were independent influencing factors for poor OS, and the control of extracranial tumor (controlled vs. uncontrolled, HR = 0.062, 95% CI: 0.006-0.616, P = 0.018), cumulative brain metastasis volume (≤15 cm 3vs. >15 cm 3, HR = 0.440, 95% CI: 0.007-0.292, P = 0.001), and target area total bioequivalent dose (BED) (≤60 Gy vs. >60 Gy, HR = 5.299, 95% CI: 1.020-27.530, P = 0.047) were independent influencing factors for poor LRRFS. Only grade 1-2 headache [53.5% (31/58)], nausea and vomiting [36.2% (21/58)] and other adverse reactions occurred after treatment, and no ≥grade 3 adverse reactions occurred. Conclusions:CyberKnife treatment for NSCLC brain metastases has high local control rate and short-term survival rate with mild adverse effects. Karnofsky functional status score, control of extracranial tumor and cumulative brain metastasis volume may affect OS of CyberKnife-treated NSCLC patients with brain metastases, and the control of extracranial tumor, cumulative brain metastasis volume and total BED may affect local recurrence.

The comparison between traditional Chinese medicine Jinzhen oral liquid (JZOL) and Western medicine in treating children with acute bronchitis (AB) showed encouraging outcomes. This trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of the JZOL for improving cough and expectoration in children with AB. 480 children were randomly assigned to take JZOL or ambroxol hydrochloride and clenbuterol hydrochloride oral solution for 7 days. The primary outcome was time-to-cough resolution. The median time-to-cough resolution in both groups was 5.0 days and the antitussive onset median time was only 1 day. This randomized controlled trial showed that JZOL was not inferior to cough suppressant and phlegm resolving western medicine in treating cough and sputum and could comprehensively treat respiratory and systemic discomfort symptoms. Combined with clinical trials, the mechanism of JZOL against AB was uncovered by network target analysis, it was found that the pathways in TRP channels like IL-1β/IL1R/TRPV1/TRPA1, NGF/TrkA/TRPV1/TRPA1, and PGE2/EP/PKA/TRPV1/TRPA1 might play important roles. Animal experiments further confirmed that inflammation and the immune regulatory effect of JZOL in the treatment of AB were of vital importance and TRP channels were the key mechanism of action.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of image-guided with cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) based on volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT)-flattening filter free (FFF) on the setup errors of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) in patients with spinal metastatic tumors.Methods:The clinical data of 15 patients with spinal metastatic tumors who underwent SBRT in Jilin Cancer Hospital from August 2020 to January 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. The radiotherapy dose of bone metastasis was 32 Gy per 4 times and CBCT scanning was performed before and after radiotherapy. Every patient received radiotherapy 4 times; all 15 patients underwent SBRT 60 times in total and 120 CBCT volume images were finally obtained and analyzed. The systematic error (Σ) and random error (σ) were calculated at different correction threshold levels. The translational setup error and rotational setup error at the left-right (X axis), head-foot (Y axis) and front-back (Z axis) directions before and after radiotherapy were compared, which were expressed as Σ ± σ.Results:The pre-SBRT and post-SBRT translational setup errors were (0.14±0.27) cm and (0.07±0.19) cm, respectively ( P<0.001) in the X direction, (-0.05±0.33) cm and (0.00±0.19) cm, respectively ( P = 0.001) in the Y direction, (-0.13±0.19) cm and (-0.02±0.14) cm, respectively ( P = 0.012) in the Z direction. The pre-SBRT and post-SBRT rotational setup errors were (-0.31±0.76)° and (-0.09±0.34)°, respectively ( P < 0.001) in the X direction, (-0.13±0.88)° and (-0.07±0.36) °, respectively ( P < 0.001) in the Y direction, (0.10±0.51)° and (0.16±0.38)°, respectively ( P < 0.001) in the Z direction. Conclusions:CBCT correction could reduce Σ and σof the translational setup and rotational setup, increase the accuracy of SBRT based on VMAT-FFF for patients with spinal metastatic tumors.

Objective:To analyze locoregional recurrence (LRR) pattern of patients with pT 1-2N 1 breast cancer after modified radical mastectomy, with and without adjuvant radiotherapy (RT). Methods:A total of 5442 eligible patients with breast cancer from 12 Chinese centers were included. The LRR sites and the effect of RT at different sites on recurrence in patients with and without RT were analyzed. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate the cumulative LRR rate, and the difference was compared by the log-rank test.Results:With a median follow-up time of 63.8 months for the entire cohort, 395 patients developed LRR. The chest wall and supraclavicular fossa were the most common LRR sites, regardless of RT or molecular subtypes. The 5-year chest wall recurrence rates for patients with and without chest wall irradiation were 2.5% and 3.8%( P=0.003); the 5-year supraclavicular lymph nodal recurrence rates for patients with and without supraclavicular fossa irradiation were 1.3% and 4.1%( P<0.001); the 5-year axillary recurrence-free rates for patients with and without axillary irradiation were 0.8% and 1.5%( HR=0.31, 95% CI: 0.04-2.23, P=0.219); and the 5-year internal mammary nodal recurrence-free rates for patients with and without internal mammary nodal irradiation were 0.8% and 1.5%( HR=0.45, 95% CI: 0.11-1.90, P=0.268). Conclusions:The chest wall and supraclavicular fossa are the most common LRR sites of patients with pT 1-2N 1 breast cancer after modified radical mastectomy, which is not affected by adjuvant RT or molecular subtypes. The chest wall and supraclavicular fossa irradiation significantly reduce the risk of recurrence in the corresponding area. However, axillary and internal mammary nodal irradiation has no impact on the risk of recurrence in the corresponding area.

Objective:To compare the dosimetric differences between accelerated partial breast irradiation intensity modulated radiation therapy (APBI-IMRT) and whole breast irradiation with simultaneous integrated boost intensity modulated radiotherapy (WBI-SIB-IMRT) for early-stage breast cancer after breast-conserving surgery.Methods:A total of 35 patients with early-stage breast cancer in Jilin Province Cancer Hospital between July 2009 and December 2014 after breast-conserving surgery were enrolled. The targeted regions of APBI-IMRT and WBI-SIB-IMRT were created for each patient. The dosimetric difference comparison of the targeted region and normal tissues was evaluated by using dose volume histogram (DVH).Results:There was no significant difference in the dosimetric comparison of gross tumor volume (GTVtb) and planning gross tumor volume (PGTVtb) after correction of cumulative radiation effect (CRE) between WBI-SIB-IMRT group and APBI-IMRT group (both P > 0.05). The dose of clinical target volume (CTV) and planning target volume(PTV) in APBI-IMRT group was higher than that in WBI-SIB-IMRT group [CTV: (4 720±71) cGy vs. (3 889±79) cGy, t = 3.184, P = 0.027; PTV: (4 675±164) cGy vs. (3 807±199) cGy, t = 2.751, P = 0.032] after CRE correction. Compared with WBI-SIB-IMRT group, the dose of ipsilateral lung tissue and left heart tissue in APBI-IMRT group was decreased after CRE correction [(558.5±8.9) cGy vs. (1 304.9±34.4) cGy, t = -7.328, P = 0.001; (35.5±5.3) cGy vs. (843.0±41.5) cGy, t = -8.137, P = 0.001]. V 5/3.6 Gy, V 10/7.3 Gy, V 15/10.9 Gy, V 20/14.6 Gy, V 25/18.2 Gy and V 30/21.9 Gy of the ipsilateral lung and V 30/21.9Gy, V 40/29.2Gy of left heart in all breast cancer patients after two chemotherapy treatments had significant differences (all P = 0.001). Conclusion:Compared with WBI-SIB, APBI-IMRT can improve the dose distribution in target area and reduce the volume of high dose irradiation in organs at risk.

Objective To evaluate the effect of surgery-radiotherapy interval (SRI) on clinical prognosis of locally advanced stage c Ⅱ-Ⅲ breast cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemtherapy and modified radical mastectomy.Methods Clinical data of 1 087 breast cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and modified radical mastectomy from 11 hospitals in China were retrospectively analyzed.The optimal threshold value of SRI upon clinical prognosis was determined by maxstat method.The effect of SRI on clinical prognosis was evaluated by using multivariate Cox regression analysis and propensity score matching (PSM).Results The median follow-up time was 72.9 months.The 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) rates were 68.1％ and 81.8％.All patients were divided into SRI ≤18 weeks (n=917) and SRI＞ 18 weeks groups (n=170).Multivariate Cox regression analysis demonstrated that hormone receptor status (P＜0.001),pathological T stage (P＜0.001),pathological N stage (P＜0.001) and SRI (P=0.023) were independent influencing factors of DFS.Hormone receptor status (P=0.013),pathological T stage (P=0.006),pathological N stage (P＜0.001),endocrine therapy (P=0.013) and SRI (P=0.001) were significantly associated with OS.After balancing the clinical and pathological factors with PSM,patients with SRI＜ 18 weeks had superior DFS and OS to those with SRI＞ 18 weeks.Conclusions SRI affects the clinical prognosis of locally advanced breast cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and modified radical mastectomy.Radiotherapy should be performed within 18 weeks after mastectomy.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of accelerated partial breast irradiation ( APBI ) and whole breast irradiation ( WBI ) with simultaneous integrated boost ( SIB ) from the perspective of economics, and provide a reference for postoperative adjuvant therapy mode selection for early-stage breast cancer after breast-conserving surgery. Methods A total of 355 early-stage breast cancer patients who underwent APBI or WBI-SIB after breast-conserving surgery were evaluated on efficacy and cost-effectiveness, of which 177 patients received APBI, and 178 patients received WBI-SIB. Survival analysis was done according to treatment received. NCI-CTC 3.0 was used to score the toxicities. Breast aesthetic outcome were evaluated with Harris standards. Results Median follow-up was 42 months ( 5.8 -92.7 months) . The 3-year locoregional recurrence free survival( LRFS) rates in APBI group and WBI-SIB group were 98.2％ and 97.6％, distant metastasis free survival( DMFS) were 94.3％ and 93.7％, disease-free survival ( DFS) were 93.1％ and 91.6％, and overall survival 95.5％ and 94.3％, respectively, without statistically significant differences(P>0.05). Compared with WBI-SIB group, the acute reaction rates in APBI group decreased from 5. 6％ to 3.4％(χ2 =6.044, P <0. 05), and late reactions from 5.6％ to 2.3％ (χ2 =6.149, P<0. 05), while the cosmetic outcome improved from 88.8％ to 93.8％(χ2 =5.22, P<0. 05). Moreover, the processing average time was shortened by 26.5 d (χ2 =40.76, P<0. 05). Conclusions After breast-conserving surgery, the efficacy of APBI showed no difference from WBI-SIB with respect to 3-year local control, disease-free survival, and overall survival, but displayed a significantly better toxicity profile and cost-effectiveness ratio for early breast cancer patients. It can be used as a good radiotherapy model after breast-conserving surgery in early-stage breast cancer.

Objective To investigate clinical significance of soluble CD30/CD30L and CD40/CD40L system imbalance in ovarian serous tumors.Methods 40 patients of serous cystadenoma and 30 patients of serous cystadenocarcinoma were selected,and 40 age-and weight-matched healthy women were also recruited as the control group.Peripheral venous blood (3 ml) of the healthy control and patients with ovarian serous tumors before surgery and 7 days after surgery were collected.After separation of serum,ELISA was used to detect levels of sCD30,sCD30L,sCD40 and sCD40L.Results Compared to the control group,levels of sCD30,sCD30L,sCD40 and sCD40L in both serous cystadenoma and serous cystadenocarcinoma groups were significantly in creased (P＜0.05).And in those serous cystadenocarcinoma group,levels of such soluble proteins were much higher than in serous cystadenoma group (P＜0.05).7 days after surgery,levels of such soluble proteins were significantly decreased in both serous cystadenoma and serous cystadenocarcinoma groups (P＜0.05).Conclusion Detection of serum sCD30/sCD30L and sCD40/sCD40L is possible to have a certain guiding significance to early diagnosis of ovarian tumors and the prognosis of patients.

BACKGROUNDHemoptysis is a significant clinical entity with high morbidity and potential mortality. Both medical management (in terms of resuscitation and bronchoscopic interventions) and surgery have severe limitations in these patients population. Bronchial artery embolization (BAE) represents the first-line treatment for hemoptysis. This article discusses clinical analysis, embolization approach, outcomes and complications of BAE for the treatment of hemoptysis.

METHODSA retrospective analysis of 344 cases, who underwent bronchial arteriography at Tianjin Haihe Hospital between 2006 and 2013. Several aspects of outcome were analyzed: Demographics, clinical presentation, radiographic studies, results, complications and follow-up of BAE.

RESULTSThree hundred and forty-four consecutive patients underwent bronchial arteriography, 336 of 344 patients (97.7%) performed BAE; there were 1530 coils for 920 arteries embolized; the main responsible sources for bleeding were right bronchial artery (29.7%), left bronchial artery (21.6%), combined right and left bronchial trunk (18.4%), right intercostal arteries (13.3%); 61 patients (17.7%) had recurrent hemoptysis within 1 month after undergoing BAE, 74 patients (21.5%) had recurrent hemoptysis over 1 month after undergoing BAE; The common complications of BAE included subintimal dissection, arterial perforation by a guide wire, fever, chest pain, dyspnea, etc. The follow-up was completed in 248 patients, 28 patients had been dead, 21 patients still bleed, 92 patients had lost to follow-up.

CONCLUSIONSThe technique of BAE is a relatively safe and effective method for controlling hemoptysis . The complications of BAE are rare. Although the long-term outcome in some patients is not good, BAE may be the only life-saving treatment option in patients who are poor surgical candidates.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Bronchial Arteries ; Embolization, Therapeutic ; methods ; Female ; Hemoptysis ; therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Young Adult