Diabetic wound is a complication of diabetes, which is difficult to heal and easy to turn into chronic wound. Compared with ordinary wound healing, diabetic wounds stay in the inflammatory stage and can not enter the proliferative stage. This is because the proportion of pro-inflammatory cytokines increases, leading to the imbalance of inflammatory cells and the accumulation of a large number of inflammatory factors. The production and release of inflammatory factors is closely related to pyroptosis. Pyroptosis is a kind of programmed death mode of inflammatory cells. Mediated by inflammasome, pyroptosis is transduced through typical and atypical inflammasome signaling pathways, resulting in the formation of pores on the cell membrane and inducing cell death. In this process, a large number of pro-inflammatory cytokines are released to maintain the inflammatory environment of wounds, hindering the development of diabetic wounds to the proliferative stage and remodeling stage, thus inhibiting the healing of diabetic wounds. This article reviews the mechanism of pyroptosis and its effect on diabetic wounds, the potential significance of inhibiting pyroptosis in the treatment of diabetic wounds, and the existing problems.

BACKGROUND:Currently,a variety of mesenchymal stem cells have been confirmed to have the effect of promoting wound repair,but there is still a lack of relevant research on whether placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells can promote acute skin wound healing. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cell transplantation on the healing of acute skin wound in rats. METHODS:Twenty SD rats were divided into PBS group and stem cell group by the random number table method,with 10 rats in each group.All rats were selected to establish a full-thickness skin defect model.In the PBS group and stem cell group,PBS buffer and placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells were immediately injected on the wound surface and wound margin immediately and on day 8 after modeling.The wound healing was observed immediately and on days 2,4,6,8,10,12,and 14 after modeling.The skin tissue of the wound surface was taken on day 14 and treated with hematoxylin-eosin staining,Masson staining,immunohistochemical staining and immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The wound surface of the rats in each group decreased with the prolongation of treatment time.The wound healing rate and wound epithelization rate of the stem cell group at 14 days were higher than those of the PBS group(P<0.01),and the wound contracture rate was lower than that of the PBS group(P<0.01).(2)The results of hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that the skin wound healing of the stem cell group was better than that of the PBS group;the degree of wound epithelization was higher,and the morphology of collagen fibers was close to that of normal skin.(3)Masson staining results showed that compared with the PBS group,collagen fibers in the skin wound tissue of the stem cell group were significantly increased and thicker,and the content of collagen fibers in the new tissue was significantly higher than that of the PBS group(P<0.01).(4)Immunohistochemical staining showed that the number of new capillaries in the stem cell group was higher than that in the PBS group(P<0.01),while the expressions of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 were lower than those in the PBS group(P<0.01).(5)Immunofluorescence staining showed that the number of M2 macrophages in the new wounds of the stem cell group was higher than that of the PBS group(P<0.01),while the number of M1 macrophages was less than that in the PBS group(P<0.01).These findings indicate that placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells can accelerate skin wound healing,promote wound epithelization,and reduce wound contracture,which may be related to the promotion of capillary angiogenesis,regulation of collagen fiber production,inhibition of inflammation,and regulation of macrophage polarization to M2 type.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is a series of diseases characterized by hepatic steatosis and is also a metabolism-associated disease and an important factor for liver fibrosis,liver cirrhosis,and hepatocellular carcinoma.Endoplasmic reticulum is a core organelle for the regulation of lipid metabolism,and unfolded protein response is an important process of endoplasmic reticulum stress(ERS).Based on the important stress role of endoplasmic reticulum in metabolism-associated diseases,this article explores the influencing mechanism between ERS and NAFLD and reviews the research advances in lipid metabolism,inflammatory response,hepatocyte death,fibrosis,and ERS-targeted therapies in the pathological development of NAFLD.

This study was performed to investigate the inhibitory effects of Xuebijing injection(XBJ)on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced inflammatory signals on EA.hy926 vascular endothelial cells and the underlying mechanism,and to provide a theoretical basis for the treatment of sepsis with XBJ.WST-1 assay was used to detect the effects of XBJ on the cell viability;Western blot analysis was performed to detect the protein expression levels of IκBα,p-p65,p-ERK,p-JNK,p-p38,p-AMAD17 in cell lysates and the content of sTLR4 fragment in the concentrated culture supernatants.ADAM17 sheddase activity in cells was detected by using a commercial available kit.Data showed that all of the TLR4-mediated inflammatory signals were significantly inhibited by the treatment of XBJ(P＜0.01).ADAM17 phosphorylation and shedding activity were induced by XBJ treatment,simultaneously the sTLR4 contents in the culture media were increased.XBJ-induced shedding of TLR4 was suppressed by the preteatment of 10 μmol/L TAPI-1(an ADAM17 inhibitor).Taken together,XBJ can induce the shedding of TLR4 from cell membrane by up-regulating ADAM17 shedding activity,thereby inhibiting the activation of TLR4-mediated intracellular inflammatory signals in EA.hy926 cells.

In recent years, studies have shown that exosomes can replace mesenchymal stem cell for chronic wound repair. However, exosomes have some problems such as poor targeting, low availability and low yield, so it has limited effect in the treatment of chronic wound. Maximizing the therapeutic benefits of exosomes is the primary challenge that needs to be overcome when used for chronic wound repair. Studies have shown that the treatment potential of exosomes can be further developed by pretreatment and engineering modification of exosomes. This article reviewed the research progress of exosome pretreatment and engineering modification in chronic wound repair, and provided reference for subsequent research and clinical application.

In recent years, studies have shown that exosomes can replace mesenchymal stem cell for chronic wound repair. However, exosomes have some problems such as poor targeting, low availability and low yield, so it has limited effect in the treatment of chronic wound. Maximizing the therapeutic benefits of exosomes is the primary challenge that needs to be overcome when used for chronic wound repair. Studies have shown that the treatment potential of exosomes can be further developed by pretreatment and engineering modification of exosomes. This article reviewed the research progress of exosome pretreatment and engineering modification in chronic wound repair, and provided reference for subsequent research and clinical application.

ObjectiveTo investigate the association of lipid ratios with diabetes and pre-diabetes in residents aged 35-75 years in Changzhou City. MethodsA multistage whole-group random sampling method was used to survey permanent residents aged 35-75 years in Tianning and Wujin districts of Changzhou City， and the study data were obtained by questionnaires， physical examination and laboratory tests. The relationship between lipid ratios and diabetes and pre-diabetes was analyzed by dichotomous logistic regression method. ResultsThe prevalence of diabetes in the surveyed population in Changzhou was 18.69%， and the prevalence of pre-diabetes was 10.53%. In the total population， the risk of pre-diabetes was significantly increased in the highest TC/HDL-C， TG/HDL-C and LDL-C/HDL-C groups， by 68%， 93% and 38%， respectively； the risk of diabetes was also significantly increased in the highest TC/HDL-C， TG/HDL-C and LDL-C/HDL-C groups， by 105%， 149% and 78%， respectively. The risk of diabetes was also significantly increased in the highest TC/HDL-C， TG/HDL-C and LDL-C/HDL-C groups， by 105%， 149% and 78%， respectively. All three lipid ratios increased in women compared to men， leading to a stronger association with increased risk of diabetes and pre-diabetes. ConclusionLipid ratios TC/HDL-C， TG/HDL-C， and LDL-C/HDL-C were correlated with the risk of diabetes and pre-diabetes in people aged 35-75 years， with TG/HDL-C having the strongest association with diabetes and pre-diabetes， and is expected to be a key predictor for assessing the development of diabetes.

Dizziness and vertigo are common clinical symptoms,which requires clinicians to timely identify dizziness and vertigo due to acute stroke,so as not to delay diagnosis and treatment.In previous studies,such stroke was usually attributed to subtentorial vascular lesions such as brainstem and cerebellum.With increasing reports of vestibular symptoms caused by supratentorial stroke,researchers have found that vestibular symptoms caused by stroke are not unique to supratentorial lesions.This paper expounds the morbidity,influencing factors,pathogenesis,clinical manifestations,examination methods,treatment and prognosis of vestibular symptoms related to supratentorial stroke,in order to improve the understanding of clinicians to this disease.

Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Glutaminase

Objective:To report the clinical, pathological, electrophysiological and genic characteristics of a patient with familial amyloidosis Finnish type.Methods:The clinical characteristic of a 60-year-old female who admitted to Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University in June 2020 was analyzed. Meanwhile, the patient underwent electrophysiological examination, biopsy of labial gland, rectum and skin and gene sequencing analysis.Results:The patient presented left facial paralysis at the age of 50, right facial paralysis and thickening of lips at the age of 55, dysarthria and dysphagia at the age of 56. Physical examination of the patient showed signs of cranial nerves involvement and skin thinning and smoothness. Slit lamp showed corneal lattice dystrophy. Electrophysiological findings of the patient suggested bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome. Latencies were prolonged in bilateral visual evoked potential P100. The deep sensory conduction pathways in bilateral C 7 to biparietal and T 12 to biparietal cortex were abnormal. Pathology of the three biopsies of the patient showed the presence of amyloid deposition in the basement membrane around the glands. The heterozygous mutation of c.654 G>T in exon 4 of gelsolin (GSN) gene in the patient resulted in Asp187 Tyr mutation (p.D187Y). Conclusions:The patient with familial amyloidosis Finnish type was characterized by slowly progressive multiple group cranial neuropathy accompanied by corneal lattice dystrophy and skin changes. Optic nerve and spinal cord posterior funiculus sensory conduction pathway and D187Y mutation of GSN gene were involved.