Obiective:To compare characteristics of alveolar macrophages(AMs)or AM-like cells in vitro cultured from different progenitors in mice of different ages in presence of GM-CSF,TGF-β and PPAR-γ agonist rosiglitazone(in brief,GTR),according to a previously reported optimized culture procedure.Methods:After bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF)and bone marrow were isolated from mice of different ages and fetal livers were isolated from embryonic-day-15～17 mice,mononuclear cells were seeded into 12-well plates and cultured in presence of GTR.Generated cells were subjected to flow cytometry analysis to analyze expressions of AM markers F4/80,CD11b,CD170 and CD11c.Results:After culture,almost all BALF-derived cells were round-shaped under light microscope,about half bone marrow-derived cells appeared round-shaped,and about 85% fetal liver-derived cells showed round-shaped morphology.Frequency of BALF-AMs from 4-week-old mice was nearly 90%.Frequency and number of BALF-AMs increased with age of mice.Number of BALF-AMs from 12-week-old mice was nearly 1×106.Frequency of bone marrow-derived AM-like cells from 4-week-old mice was lower than 20% and increased to about 40%～45% for 8-week-old and 12-week-old mice.Number of bone marrow-derived AM-like cells increased with age of mice,and about 0.8×106 cells/well bone marrow-derived AM-like cells were produced from 12-week-old mice.Frequency of fetal liver-derived AM-like cells was around 84% and their number could reach 4×106 cells/well.Conclusion:Purity and number of AMs or AM-like cells in vitro cultured from different progenitors in mice of different ages vary dramatically.Detailed condition should be chosen according to specific study requirements.

Background ¹³⁷Cs in atmospheric aerosol is the product of past nuclear weapon tests and nuclear accidents. When ¹³⁷Cs is released into the atmosphere, it will deposit in dry land and marine environment, causing pollution of soil surface, water, agricultural products, and animal byproducts, and affecting public health. Objective To identify the variation pattern of ¹³⁷Cs activity concentration in aerosol and its correlation with dust concentration in Beijing area from 2017 to 2020. Methods A total of 958 aerosol samples were collected from November 1, 2017 to June 30, 2020 in Beijing with a high volume air sampler at a sampling flow rate about 600 m³·h⁻¹ and a collection time for each sample about 24 h. The activity concentration of ¹³⁷Cs in the aerosol samples was determined with a low-background high-purity germanium γ spectrometer. The dust concentration was calculated using the difference in the mass of the aerosol filter before and after sampling. The detection rate of ¹³⁷Cs and dust concentration in different seasons were compared. Spearman rank correlation test was used to analyze the correlation between ¹³⁷Cs activity concentration and dust concentration. Results From 2017 to 2020, the ¹³⁷Cs activity concentrations of 33 from 958 aerosol samples in Beijing were above the minimum detectable activityconcentration, the overall detection rate of ¹³⁷Cs was 3.4%, and the activity concentration ranged from 1.86 to 45.53 μBq·m⁻³, with a median value of 4.85 μBq·m⁻³. The detection rate of ¹³⁷Cs was highest in spring, followed by autumn, and lowest in winter and summer (8.4%, 3.0%, 1.1%, and 0.5%, respectively). The dust concentration ranged from 0.03 to 1.55 mg·m⁻³, with an average value of 0.18 mg·m⁻³. There was a statistically significant difference in the dust concentrations in spring, summer, autumn, and winter (F=45.51, P<0.05), and the highest value was 0.24 mg·m⁻³ in spring (P<0.05). The ¹³⁷Cs activity concentration was positively correlated with the dust concentration (P<0.05). Conclusion The ¹³⁷Cs activity concentration in aerosol in Beijing from 2017 to 2020 fluctuates within the range of background level, and its activity concentration is highest in spring, followed autumn, and lowest in summer and winter.

Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Intensive Care Units, Neonatal ; Logistic Models ; Phenotype ; Risk Factors

Objective:To monitor and analyze the activity concentrations of 7Be and 210Pb in atmospheric aerosol in Beijing from 2017 to 2020. Methods:Totally 1 074 atmospheric aerosol samples were collected by high flow air sampler (SnowWhite) including 275 in spring, 266 in summer, 262 in autumn and 271 in winter and subjected to analysis by low background high-purity germanium gamma-ray spectrometery (ORTEC) to determine the activity concentrations of 7Be and 210Pb. Results:The activity concentrations of 7Be in atmospheric aerosol were from 0.56 to 14.84 mBq/m 3, with an avearage of 6.84 mBq/m 3, and from 0.01 to 9.37 mBq/m 3 for 210Pb, with an avearage 3.19 mBq/m 3. The differences in activity concentrations of 7Be and 210Pb in atmospheric aerosol among differernt seasons were statistically significant ( F=32.66, 93.93, P<0.05). Activity concentration of 7Be was highest in spring, followed by autumn, and lowest in summer and winter. Activity concentration of 210Pb ranged from winter, autumn, spring to summer in descending order. Conclusions:The activity concentrations of 7Be and 210Pb in atmospheric aerosol in Beijing from 2017 to 2020 fluctated within the range of normal level.

Objective:To analyze the efficacy and safety of enzyme therapy in late-onset Pompe disease (LOPD) patients, so as to provide reference for the treatment and prognosis of LOPD.Methods:The effect of α-glucosidase (GAA) on a patient diagnosed with LOPD in the Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University was observed and analyzed. Besides, literature related to enzyme therapy in LOPD patients were searched in PubMed, Web of Science, Medline databases. Twenty-one studies containing clinical data from 910 LOPD patients related to enzyme therapy were finally included for analysis.Results:The patient developed muscle weakness since he was 16 years old. The GAA activity in peripheral blood was 0. Electromyography suggested myogenic lesions in both lower extremities. Compound heterozygous mutations of GAA gene were found by next- generation sequencing. Muscle biopsy revealed characteristic vacuolar changes. After eight years of diagnosis, the patient was given enzyme therapy for 18.5 months, 20 times in total. The symptoms of muscle weakness were slightly improved in the early stages of treatment without obvious adverse reactions. Most of the 910 LOPD patients were stabilized or had improved muscular and (or) respiratory function following treatment with GAA.Conclusion:GAA treatment is effective and well tolerated. In patients with advanced severe LOPD, enzyme replacement therapy remains effective even years after onset.

Objective: To study the output dose of external beam radiotherapy in Beijing and analyze the cause of output dose  deviation.  Guidance  is  given  on  the  selection  of  measurement  methods,  calculation  formulas  and  parameters. Methods: During 2020, the output doses of medical electron accelerators, tomotherapy, cyberknife, and γ-knife were meas- ured based on the water absorbed dose calibration factor combined with the requirements in the IAEA TRS398 and TRS483 reports, and low-energy X-rays were measured based on the air kerma calibration factor combined with the requirements in the AAPM protocal. The output dose was measured and compared with the preset irradiation value. Results　: A total of 59 external beam radiation therapy equipments’s output dose were investigated.2 of the 49 accelerators’s absolute value of relative deviation between the system indication value and the measurement exceeded 3%; the deviation of other external beam radiotherapy equipments was less than 3%. Conclusion　 A unified method and multi-party quality control can ensure the accuracy of the output dose. In the routine operation of the equipment, the hospital should strictly implement periodic inspections to ensure accurate and reliable radiotherapy.

Objective:To explore the genetic etiologies of newborn deaths.Methods:A total of 98 newborns who were recruited to the Neonatal Genome Project of the Children′s Hospital of Fudan University and died in the hospital from January 2018 to August 2020 were enrolled in this study. The genetic information and the interventions based on the genetic findings were retrospectively analyzed. T-test, Mann-Whitney U test, Chi square test and Fisher′s exact probability test were used to compare the demographic features and clinical characteristics between the patients with or without a genetic finding. Results:Among 98 newborns (55 males and 43 females), there were 63 preterm and 35 term infants, with a gestational age of (33±5) weeks, a birth weight of (2 107±975) g and the age at death of 12 (2,34) days. Sixteen (16%)patients were identified with genetic variants, including 11 with single nucleotide variants, 4 with copy number variants and 1 with both single nucleotide variant and copy number variant. The detected single nucleotide variants were spanning 12 genes, among which 3 were multiple disorders-related, 2 metabolic disorder-related, 2 hematological disorder-related, 2 respiratory disorder-related, 2 cardiovascular disorder-related and 1 skeletal disorder-related. The patients with a positive genetic finding had significant differences in the birth weight ((2 605±940) vs. (2 009±957) g, t=2.283, P=0.025), the gestational age ((36±5) vs. (33±5) weeks, t=2.131, P=0.036), the age at death ((37 (5, 69) vs. 11 (2, 29) days, Ζ=-2.245, P=0.025) and the history of asphyxia at birth (1/16 vs. 46% (38/82), P=0.002)when compared to those without a genetic finding. In addition, the genetic etiology rates of patients who were born term or with a birth weight ≥ 2 000 g were significantly higher than those who were born preterm (29% (10/35) vs. 10% (6/63), P=0.022) or with a birth weight<2 000 g (25% (13/51) vs. 7% (3/46), χ 2=5.016, P=0.025), respectively. Six cases were medically actionable based on the genetic findings and the treatments included special diet, applying specific medicine, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and lung transplantation. Conclusions:Genetic etiologies are not rare in newborn deaths and mainly associated with metabolic disorder, multi-system disorders, hematological disorder, respiratory disorder, cardiovascular disorder and skeletal disorder. Some findings are medically actionable, based on which the specific treatments could be scheduled timely. A genetic etiology should be investigated in newborn deaths especially in those who are term birth or with a birth weight ≥2 000 g or without a history of asphyxia at birth.

Objective To investigate the radiation dose levels to the adults examined from diagnostic exposure in Beijing. Methods The radiation doses to the examined individuals were measured by using individual diagnostic radiology equipments in 30 random hospitals from a total of 10 districts and suburban areas, including 1 182 samples of X-ray photography,542 samples of mammography and 410 samples of CT examination. Results 2 134 samples were measured in this study. The dose ranges of X-ray photography, CR, and DR were 0?4 -24?1, 0?3 -13?9 and 0?1 -15?9 mGy, respectively. The average dose range of glandular breast was 0?3-5?4 mGy. In 410 CT samples the value of CTDIw , CTDIvol and DLP were 28?1 - 96?3 mGy, 7?0 - 23?4 mGy, and 162?2 - 898?1 mGy·cm, respectively. Conclusions Several dose levels from diagnostic examination were higher than guidance level for medical exposure in GB 18871-2002,which should be noted.

Objective To investigate the toxicities and inhibitory effects of three kinds of kegin-type novel heteropoly compounds which were synthesised by molecular assembly interactions on influnenza A virus(H1N1) in vitro.Methods The toxicities and anti-influnenza virus activities were tested by methods of CPE-MTT and chick embryos culture.Results TC_(50) in MDCK cells and LD_(50) in chick embryos of three kinds of kegin-type novel heteropoly compounds were higher than those of amantadine.TI in MDCK cells and chick embryos were both higher than that of amantadine. Conclusion The three kinds of kegin-type novel heteropoly compounds have lower toxicities and higher anti-virus effects on influnenza A virus(H1N1) than amantadine.Through chemic modifications,the toxicity of amantadine can be decreased and the activity of amantadine can be increased.