Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell （hUC-MSC） as a cell-based therapeutic strategy have demonstrated significant application potential in the field of intervention for neurodegenerative disease （NDD） due to their advantages such as self-renewal， multi-directional differentiation， and low immunogenicity. hUC-MSC effectively intervenes in the pathological features and neurological functions of various disease models such as Alzheimer disease， Parkinson’s disease， amyotrophic lateral sclerosis， and multiple sclerosis primarily through multiple mechanisms such as homing and differentiation， mediating paracrine actions and releasing exosomes， as well as immune regulation and anti-inflammation. Some clinical studies have also preliminarily verified their safety and effectiveness. Currently， its research still faces challenges such as immune rejection reactions requiring further observation， long-term safety needing evaluation， mechanisms of action not being fully elucidated， and slow progress in clinical trials. Future research needs to establish pharmaceutical standards for hUC-MSC， deepen their pharmacological mechanisms and clinical trials， ultimately providing new and effective drug treatment options for patients with NDD.

Cognitive impairment is a major public health challenge facing global aging societies， and currently lacks effective treatment measures. Herb pair， characterized by their rigorous compatibility and synergistic effects， demonstrate unique advantages in clinical practice. Acorus tatarinowii-Polygala tenuifolia is a classic herbal pair for treating cognitive impairment， widely utilized in various traditional Chinese medicine formulations， such as Kaixin san， Shenghui tang， and Yuanzhi san. This article summarizes the pharmacological mechanisms of A. tatarinowii， P. tenuifolia and their compatible compound prescriptions in ameliorating cognitive impairment. It is found that they can exert effects in ameliorating cognitive impairment through mechanisms such as reducing amyloid β-protein deposition and inhibiting excessive phosphorylation of Tau protein， suppressing inflammatory responses， alleviating oxidative stress， protecting neurons and regulating neurotransmitters， modulating the structure and function of the blood- brain barrier， and regulating autophagy. Subsequently， in-depth analysis can be conducted on the active ingredients of A. tatarinowii- P. tenuifolia herb pair that ameliorate cognitive impairment， along with the addition of relevant clinical trials for verification. This will provide theoretical foundations and research approaches for the treatment of cognitive impairment using traditional Chinese medicine.

Objective This study investigated feasible cases and their significance in promoting the"generalized"development of inspection through digital-intelligent equipment.Methods A qualitative research approach was used,involving interviews conducted between February 2025 and March 2025 with experts in traditional Chinese medicine diagnostics,clinical research methodology,medical engineering integration,and related disciplines,using both online and offline methods.In accordance with the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research,feasible cases involving the specific application of digital equipment in various parts of observation were collected through item enrichment.The significance of extending observation capabilities via these cases was analyzed,along with the overall implications of integrating digital technologies with traditional inspection method.Results Interviews were completed with 11 experts from domestic universities and research institutes in the fields of traditional Chinese medicine diagnosis,medical engineering integration,and related disciplines.A total of 78 feasible cases of digital-intelligent inspection were identified,along with 69 insights regarding the significance of enhancing the inspection capabilities.These insights were synthesized into two dimensions and 23 holistic meanings.The first dimension is to expand the scope of inspection,including obtaining internal environmental characteristics,observing external environmental characteristics,expanding thermodynamic characteristic data,and crossing time and space.The second dimension is to improve the quality of observation and diagnosis information collection and analysis,including 19 specific meanings,such as standardized collection environment,objective quantification,and refined observation.Conclusion Digital-intelligent equipment plays a significant role in expanding the scope of inspection content and achieving high-quality acquisition and analysis of extensive inspection information.These advancements extend and enrich the capabilities of traditional inspection method in traditional Chinese medicine.

Olfactory diagnosis refers to the method of diagnosing diseases by smelling the odor emitted from the patient's body,secretions and excreta,and the odor of the sick room.It is one of the important diagnostic methods under the guidance of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)theory,and is included in the"inquiry and olfaction"of TCM.In recent years,there has been rapid development in medical-engineering integration,artificial intelligence,big data,and other interdisciplinary fields.This has been promoting the TCM gradually to develop towards accurate,efficient and personalized medical treatment,which has opened a new era of"Smart TCM".In this paper,the ancient literature related to olfactory diagnosis was systematically reviewed,the developmental characteristics of olfactory diagnosis theories in various periods was sorted out,and the different views of TCM specialists on the odors emitted by the human body in physiological and pathological states was summarized.The paper is to explore the origin of TCM olfactory diagnosis and its periodization,clarify the diagnosis of abnormal odors,corresponding to the nature,etiology and prognosis of the disease,and clarify the development of TCM olfactory diagnosis.It provides a theoretical source and literature basis for promoting the research of"smart olfactory diagnosis of TCM"and facilitating the development of objectivity,standardization and intelligence of olfactory diagnosis in TCM.

Olfactory diagnosis refers to the method of diagnosing diseases by smelling the odor emitted from the patient's body,secretions and excreta,and the odor of the sick room.It is one of the important diagnostic methods under the guidance of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)theory,and is included in the"inquiry and olfaction"of TCM.In recent years,there has been rapid development in medical-engineering integration,artificial intelligence,big data,and other interdisciplinary fields.This has been promoting the TCM gradually to develop towards accurate,efficient and personalized medical treatment,which has opened a new era of"Smart TCM".In this paper,the ancient literature related to olfactory diagnosis was systematically reviewed,the developmental characteristics of olfactory diagnosis theories in various periods was sorted out,and the different views of TCM specialists on the odors emitted by the human body in physiological and pathological states was summarized.The paper is to explore the origin of TCM olfactory diagnosis and its periodization,clarify the diagnosis of abnormal odors,corresponding to the nature,etiology and prognosis of the disease,and clarify the development of TCM olfactory diagnosis.It provides a theoretical source and literature basis for promoting the research of"smart olfactory diagnosis of TCM"and facilitating the development of objectivity,standardization and intelligence of olfactory diagnosis in TCM.

Cognitive impairment(CI)is a clinical syndrome characterized by progressive decline in advanced cognitive functions such as memory,thinking,and judgment.Its etiology and pathogenesis are complex,and there is currently a lack of specific drug interventions.Metformin,as a first-line hypoglycemic drug for type 2 diabetes,not only lowers blood glucose levels but also improves CI.This article reviews and summarizes the pharmacological effects and mechanisms of metformin in improving Alzheimer's disease,diabetes cognitive impairment,cognitive impairment after chemotherapy,in order to provide novel insights and approaches for the treatment of CI-related diseases.Studies have shown that the mechanism by which MET intervenes in CI mainly includes regulating β-amyloid protein and tau protein metabolism,reducing insulin resistance,inhibiting neuroinflammation,improving synaptic plasticity,improving mitochondrial dysfunction,regulating gut microbiota and lipid metabolism,etc.Future research needs to be conducted through interdisciplinary collaboration,fully integrating multiple omics data,and combining advanced technologies to further reveal their mechanisms of effect.

Objective This study investigated feasible cases and their significance in promoting the"generalized"development of inspection through digital-intelligent equipment.Methods A qualitative research approach was used,involving interviews conducted between February 2025 and March 2025 with experts in traditional Chinese medicine diagnostics,clinical research methodology,medical engineering integration,and related disciplines,using both online and offline methods.In accordance with the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research,feasible cases involving the specific application of digital equipment in various parts of observation were collected through item enrichment.The significance of extending observation capabilities via these cases was analyzed,along with the overall implications of integrating digital technologies with traditional inspection method.Results Interviews were completed with 11 experts from domestic universities and research institutes in the fields of traditional Chinese medicine diagnosis,medical engineering integration,and related disciplines.A total of 78 feasible cases of digital-intelligent inspection were identified,along with 69 insights regarding the significance of enhancing the inspection capabilities.These insights were synthesized into two dimensions and 23 holistic meanings.The first dimension is to expand the scope of inspection,including obtaining internal environmental characteristics,observing external environmental characteristics,expanding thermodynamic characteristic data,and crossing time and space.The second dimension is to improve the quality of observation and diagnosis information collection and analysis,including 19 specific meanings,such as standardized collection environment,objective quantification,and refined observation.Conclusion Digital-intelligent equipment plays a significant role in expanding the scope of inspection content and achieving high-quality acquisition and analysis of extensive inspection information.These advancements extend and enrich the capabilities of traditional inspection method in traditional Chinese medicine.

Cardio-oncology is an emerging cross-discipline， which has received extensive attention and rapid development at home and abroad in recent years， while the construction of related disciplines in the field of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） is still in its initial stage. By sorting out the construction of oncology and cardiology related disciplines at home and abroad at this stage， and clarifying the significance and main research contents of the discipline， it is proposed that the construction of TCM related disciplines should be oriented to the four main aspects， including clinical practice， scientific research， talent training and promotion of cultural characteristics. Therefore， actively carrying out multidisciplinary crossing， cultivating related professional talent team， and forming TCM diagnosis and treatment guidelines or consensus to support clinical practice is the essential foundation for the construction of TCM cardio-oncology discipline. Meanwhile， fully exploring the characteristics and advantages of TCM is the key to the construction process of the discipline， such as writing and summarising and analysing relevant high-quality clinical case reports of TCM for evidence-based optimisation， as well as widely applying the concept of "treating disease before it arises" of TCM characteristics to the clinical prevention and treatment of the relevant diseases and scientific research， etc.， so as to comprehensively guarantee the development of the discipline of TCM cardio-oncology.

As the foremost among the four examinations in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， inspection and related equipment research face challenges in landing and transformation due to variations in evidence quality， lack of standardization， insufficient algorithm transparency， and poor reliability and stability of decision-making. Against the backdrop of rapid development of emerging technologies such as big data， the internet of things， and artificial intelligence， coupled with macro policy support from the government， digital and intelligent generalized inspection in TCM has emerged， with the aim of utilizing digital technologies to overcome the limitations of naked-eye inspection and comprehensively perceive and analyze facial and bodily expressions. The research in this field intelligently correlates Zang-fu organ functions with health conditions and disease progression and establishes a technical system for digital and intelligent inspection， multi-dimensional and multimodal perception， fusion analysis， and decision-making. This system aims to enhance the accuracy of disease risk warning and diagnosis， bridging the gap between inspection equipment and assistance in clinical decision-making. From an evidence-based perspective， this paper systematically examines the research ideas of digital and intelligent inspection and the development of related equipment， deeply explores how to propose clinical practice-oriented key scientific issues， comprehensively acquire and co-apply multi-dimensional data， establish precise inspection models driven by digital intelligence， optimize standards to enhance equipment interoperability and reliability， construct post-effect evaluation mechanisms to promote improvement， and actively address potential risks such as the black box nature and information security in the application of intelligent technology. This paper not only demonstrates the tremendous potential of digital technologies in improving the accuracy and clinical application efficiency of inspection but also provides new perspectives and ideas for the modernization of inspection in TCM， paving the way for the application of inspection in the global medical and health field.

Objective To construct a precise model for identifying traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)constitutions,thereby offering optimized guidance for clinical diagnosis and treatment plan-ning,and ultimately enhancing medical efficiency and treatment outcomes. Methods First,TCM full-body inspection data acquisition equipment was employed to col-lect full-body standing images of healthy people,from which the constitutions were labelled and defined in accordance with the Constitution in Chinese Medicine Questionnaire(CCMQ),and a dataset encompassing labelled constitutions was constructed.Second,heat-suppres-sion valve(HSV)color space and improved local binary patterns(LBP)algorithm were lever-aged for the extraction of features such as facial complexion and body shape.In addition,a dual-branch deep network was employed to collect deep features from the full-body standing images.Last,the random forest(RF)algorithm was utilized to learn the extracted multifea-tures,which were subsequently employed to establish a TCM constitution identification mod-el.Accuracy,precision,and F1 score were the three measures selected to assess the perfor-mance of the model. Results It was found that the accuracy,precision,and F1 score of the proposed model based on multifeatures for identifying TCM constitutions were 0.842,0.868,and 0.790,respectively.In comparison with the identification models that encompass a single feature,either a single facial complexion feature,a body shape feature,or deep features,the accuracy of the model that incorporating all the aforementioned features was elevated by 0.105,0.105,and 0.079,the precision increased by 0.164,0.164,and 0.211,and the F1 score rose by 0.071,0.071,and 0.084,respectively. Conclusion The research findings affirmed the viability of the proposed model,which incor-porated multifeatures,including the facial complexion feature,the body shape feature,and the deep feature.In addition,by employing the proposed model,the objectification and intel-ligence of identifying constitutions in TCM practices could be optimized.