ObjectiveTo explore the clinical and phenomics characteristics of patients with phlegm-stasis binding syndrome and its accompanied patterns in stable angina pectoris （SAP） of coronary heart disease （CHD）. MethodsA multicenter cross-sectional study design was adopted. A total of 300 patients with SAP of CHD were enrolled and classified into 120 cases of phlegm-stasis binding syndrome， 125 cases of qi deficiency-accompanied syndrome， 38 cases of qi stagnation-accompanied syndrome， and 17 cases of toxin accumulation-accompanied syndrome according to traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） patterns. Data of patients with different TCM patterns were collected， including general condition， TCM symptoms， blood lipids， coagulation function， immune indicators， and serum metabolomics. Metabolic pathway enrichment analysis was used to compare differences in phenomics characteristics among groups. Metabolites with variable importance in projection （VIP） ≥1 and fold change （FC） ≥2 were considered as representative differential metabolites. ResultsPatients in each TCM pattern type were most commonly in the 60-75 years age group， with a relatively high proportion of males. Regarding TCM symptoms， patients with phlegm-stasis binding syndrome most commonly presented with wiry-choppy or wiry-slippery pulse， chest pain， and chest tightness； in patients with qi deficiency-accompanied syndrome， fatigue， chest pain， and weak pulse were most common； in patients with qi stagnation-accompanied sydnrome， wiry-choppy or wiry-slippery pulse， chest pain， and symptoms that increase or decrease with emotional changes， belching， or flatulence were most common； in patients with toxin accumulation-accompanied syndrome， bitter taste in the mouth， chest tightness， irritability， restlessness or manic delirium， and dry and hard stools or foul-smelling diarrhea were most common. Comparisons among the different TCM patterns showed statistically significant differences in coagulation parameters （P＜0.05）， whereas no statistically significant difference was found in blood lipid levels and immune indicators （P＞0.05）.Metabolomics analysis suggested that disorders of glycerophosphate metabolism and valine， leucine， and isoleucine metabolism are characteristic features of phlegm-stasis binding syndrome and its accompanied patterns. The representative differential metabolites between phlegm-stasis binding syndrome and qi deficiency-accompanied syndrome were 7,8-dihydrobiopterin （FC = 3.58） and oxypurinol （FC = 124.50）. Those between phlegm-stasis binding syndrome and qi stagnation-accompanied syndrome were cytidine 5′-diphosphocholine （FC = 2.62） and D-mannosamine （FC = 2.99）. Those between phlegm-stasis binding syndrome and toxin accumulation-accompanied syndrome were anserine （FC = 7.83） and canrenone （FC = 8.94）. ConclusionThere are certain differences in the clinical characteristics and phenomics characteristics among patients with SAP due to CHD exhibiting phlegm-stasis binding syndrome and its accompanied patterns. The phenomics characteristics mainly involve biological alterations such as lipid metabolism disorders， amino acid metabolism abnormalities， and multiple immune indicators activation， which may provide a reference for precise differentiation and treatment of SAP of CHD in TCM clinical practice.

ObjectiveTo explore the clinical and phenomics characteristics of patients with phlegm-stasis binding syndrome and its accompanied patterns in stable angina pectoris （SAP） of coronary heart disease （CHD）. MethodsA multicenter cross-sectional study design was adopted. A total of 300 patients with SAP of CHD were enrolled and classified into 120 cases of phlegm-stasis binding syndrome， 125 cases of qi deficiency-accompanied syndrome， 38 cases of qi stagnation-accompanied syndrome， and 17 cases of toxin accumulation-accompanied syndrome according to traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） patterns. Data of patients with different TCM patterns were collected， including general condition， TCM symptoms， blood lipids， coagulation function， immune indicators， and serum metabolomics. Metabolic pathway enrichment analysis was used to compare differences in phenomics characteristics among groups. Metabolites with variable importance in projection （VIP） ≥1 and fold change （FC） ≥2 were considered as representative differential metabolites. ResultsPatients in each TCM pattern type were most commonly in the 60-75 years age group， with a relatively high proportion of males. Regarding TCM symptoms， patients with phlegm-stasis binding syndrome most commonly presented with wiry-choppy or wiry-slippery pulse， chest pain， and chest tightness； in patients with qi deficiency-accompanied syndrome， fatigue， chest pain， and weak pulse were most common； in patients with qi stagnation-accompanied sydnrome， wiry-choppy or wiry-slippery pulse， chest pain， and symptoms that increase or decrease with emotional changes， belching， or flatulence were most common； in patients with toxin accumulation-accompanied syndrome， bitter taste in the mouth， chest tightness， irritability， restlessness or manic delirium， and dry and hard stools or foul-smelling diarrhea were most common. Comparisons among the different TCM patterns showed statistically significant differences in coagulation parameters （P＜0.05）， whereas no statistically significant difference was found in blood lipid levels and immune indicators （P＞0.05）.Metabolomics analysis suggested that disorders of glycerophosphate metabolism and valine， leucine， and isoleucine metabolism are characteristic features of phlegm-stasis binding syndrome and its accompanied patterns. The representative differential metabolites between phlegm-stasis binding syndrome and qi deficiency-accompanied syndrome were 7,8-dihydrobiopterin （FC = 3.58） and oxypurinol （FC = 124.50）. Those between phlegm-stasis binding syndrome and qi stagnation-accompanied syndrome were cytidine 5′-diphosphocholine （FC = 2.62） and D-mannosamine （FC = 2.99）. Those between phlegm-stasis binding syndrome and toxin accumulation-accompanied syndrome were anserine （FC = 7.83） and canrenone （FC = 8.94）. ConclusionThere are certain differences in the clinical characteristics and phenomics characteristics among patients with SAP due to CHD exhibiting phlegm-stasis binding syndrome and its accompanied patterns. The phenomics characteristics mainly involve biological alterations such as lipid metabolism disorders， amino acid metabolism abnormalities， and multiple immune indicators activation， which may provide a reference for precise differentiation and treatment of SAP of CHD in TCM clinical practice.

Objective To investigate the distribution of dense fine speckled(DFS)antinuclear antibody(ANA)in different ages,genders,and diseases,and to explore its clinical significance in the diagnosis of auto-immune disease(AID).Methods A retrospective summary was conducted on the clinical basic data of 53520 patients who visited the hospital from January 2022 to April 2024,as well as the results of indirect immunoflu-orescence(IIF)ANA fluorescence karyotype and titer,and immunoblotting ANA spectrum,and the relation-ship between DFS positivity and AID was analyzed.Results Of the 53 520 serum samples,the rate of ANA fluorescence positivity was 32.40％,with DFS-positive samples accounting for 1.18％of all ANA fluores-cence-positive samples.The male-to-female ratio of DFS positives was 1∶1.94,with the highest percentage of 51.9％in the 21-40 age group.Among DFS positive individuals,only 12.14％were clinically diagnosed with AID disease,significantly lower than other ANA fluorescent karyotype positive individuals(23.31％,P＜0.001).The overall positivity rate of ANA spectra using immunoblotting in DFS-positive individuals was 23.54％,which was significantly lower than that in other fluorescent karyotype positive ANA individuals(73.26％,P＜0.001).Moreover,DFS positive individuals were mainly accompanied by antibody positivity such as anti-Ro52 antibodies,which had no diagnostic specificity in AID diagnosis.When comparing DFS posi-tive individuals with similar fluorescence morphology to those with homogeneous nuclear granules and nuclei,at an ANA titer of 1∶100,the proportion of AID patients in homogeneous nuclear granules and nuclei was 20.04％,significantly higher than the proportion of AID patients in DFS positive individuals(9.44％,P=0.001).With the increase of ANA titer,the proportion of AID diseases significantly increased in both karyo-type samples.When the ANA titer of DFS positive samples was increased to ≥ 1∶320,the proportion of AID diseases significantly increased to 30.77％(P=0.002).Conclusion DFS is a rare ANA fluorescent karyo-type,and DFS positive individuals are mainly found in females aged 21-40,mostly non AID patients.Howev-er,high titers of DFS cannot rule out the possibility of AID.In clinical work,special attention should be paid to distinguishing it from the homogeneous nuclear granule type to avoid misdiagnosis.

ObjectiveTo construct and validate a clinical prediction model for Qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome in chronic heart failure （CHF），aiming to assist clinical diagnosis and provide tools and methods for individualized treatment of CHF. MethodsThe clinical data of patients with chronic heart failure treated at Dongzhimen Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine from January 2022 to January 2024 were retrospectively collected. The patients were randomly divided into a training group and a validation group with a ratio of 7∶3. First， the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator （LASSO） regression analysis was used to preliminarily screen the predictive factors affecting the diagnosis of Qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome in CHF. Subsequently， the Logistic regression method was applied to conduct a more in-depth and detailed analysis of these factors. Variables with P<0.05 in the results of the multi-factor Logistic regression were carefully selected and included. Based on the regression coefficients obtained from this analysis， a model was constructed， and a nomogram was accurately drawn. Using R software，the receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curve，calibration curve，and decision curve analysis （DCA） were precisely drawn. These analyses were used to comprehensively evaluate the model from three crucial aspects： discrimination，calibration，and clinical applicability. Additionally， the accuracy，specificity，sensitivity，positive predictive value，and negative predictive value of the model were meticulously calculated to conduct a more all-round and comprehensive assessment. ResultsIn total， 168 cases were successfully obtained in the training group， and 71 cases were included in the validation group. After a thorough comparison， it was found that there were no statistically significant differences in the baseline data between the two groups. After being rigorously screened by the LASSO-multivariate logistic regression method， dark red tongue，smoking history，cardiac troponin I，and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide （NT-ProBNP） were identified as the influencing factors for diagnosing patients with the Qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome in CHF. The constructed model demonstrated an area under the curve （AUC） of 0.812 in the training group and 0.719 in the validation group. The calibration curve showed that the predicted curve of the model was close to the actual observed curve. DCA indicated that the model could provide substantial clinical benefits for patients at the decision thresholds ranging from 0.2 to 0.9. ConclusionThe clinical prediction model for Qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome in chronic heart failure constructed in this study shows good performance. It has certain application value in clinical practice， which may contribute to the improvement of the diagnosis and treatment of CHF patients with this syndrome.

AIM:To display the distribution of evi-dence in the field of Yiqifumai injection treatment for heart failure.METHODS:To retrieve relevant da-tabases such as CBM,CNKI,Wanfang,VIP,Co-chrane Library,PubMed,Embase,and Web of Sci-ence,and search for the China Clinical Trial Regis-try,ClinicalTrials.gov and collect clinical studies,sys-tematic evaluations,and guideline studies on the treatment of heart failure with Yiqifumai injection.The evidence map research method use a table to display the proportion of literature,sample size,co-morbidities,and quality evaluations of systematic evaluations.Use a pie chart to display the propor-tion distribution of research types,a line chart to describe publication trends,and a bubble chart to display the distribution of evidence.RESULTS:The overall number of articles on the treatment of heart failure with Yiqifumai injection is in a steady development stage.Clinical studies are mainly small sample,single center,short-term randomized controlled trials,with a sample size of 60-100 cases and an intervention duration of mostly 14 days.The underlying disease is mainly coronary heart dis-ease.Clinical research evidence tends to support the therapeutic effect of Yiqifumai injection com-bined with conventional Western medicine in im-proving heart failure patients'heart function and quality of life.However,there are also issues such as low overall quality of research,unreasonable clinical trial design,small sample size,incomplete selection of outcome indicators,low international recognition of certain outcome indicators,and lack of reporting on long-term outcomes The overall quality of randomized controlled trials andsystem-atic evaluation methodology is low.CONCLUSION:In the future,more large sample,multicenter clini-cal randomized controlled trials should be conduct-ed to obtain higher-level evidence-based medicine evidence to fully demonstrate the advantages of traditional Chinese medicine treatment,and pro-mote the common development of traditional Chi-nese medicine cardiology and evidence-based med-icine.

Objective:To explore the clinical characteristics of hydrocephalus patients with delayed intracranial hemorrhage (DICH) after ventriculo-peritoneal shunt (VPS) and independent influencing factors for DICH after VPS, and construct a nomogram model for predicting the incidence of DICH after VPS.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed; clinical data of 168 patients with hydrocephalus who underwent VPS at Department of Neurosurgery, Lihuili Hospital Affiliated to Ningbo University from January 2016 to December 2023 were collected. Based on the postoperative DICH occurrence, these patients were categorized into a non-DICH group and a DICH group. Clinical characteristics of patients from the DICH group were analyzed. Differences in clinical data between patients from the non-DICH group and DICH group were compared. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was performed to screen the independent influencing factors for DICH after VPS, and a nomogram model for predicting DICH incidence after VPS was constructed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, calibration curve, Hosmer-Lemeshow test and Bootstrap resampling method were used to evaluate the predictive efficiency and stability of the nomogram model.Results:(1) Among the 168 patients, 36 (21.43%) developed DICH, which occurred (6.06±2.77) days after VPS (ranged 2-13 days). Seven patients presented with symptoms as vomiting, epilepsy, and decreased consciousness, while 29 patients had no hemorrhage-related complication. The hemorrhage volume in these 36 DICH patients was 0.85(0.30, 3.54) mL. Regarding the hemorrhage sites, 12 patients had simple puncture tract hemorrhage, 14 had simple intraventricular hemorrhage, 7 had both puncture tract hemorrhage and intraventricular hemorrhage, and 3 had puncture tract hemorrhage combined with hemorrhage in other sites. At discharge, 8 patients had a good prognosis, and 28 had a poor prognosis. (2) Compared with the non-DICH group, the DICH group had statistically older age, higher proportion of patients with hypertension or craniotomy history, lower preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), higher postoperative NLR, and higher ratio of postoperative to preoperative NLR (NLRR), with significant differences ( P<0.05). Results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis indicated that age ( OR=1.077, 95% CI: 1.022-1.135, P=0.005), history of craniotomy ( OR=3.547, 95% CI: 1.384-9.092, P=0.008), and NLRR ( OR=1.744, 95% CI: 1.179-2.581, P=0.005) were independent influencing factors for DICH in hydrocephalus patients after VPS ( P<0.05). (3) A nomogram model for predicting DICH in hydrocephalus patients after VPS was constructed based on age, history of craniotomy and NLRR. ROC curve analysis showed that area under the curve (AUC) of the nomogram model for predicting DICH in hydrocephalus patients after VPS was 0.812 (95% CI: 0.735-0.890, P<0.001); Hosmer-Lemeshow test indicated that the model had good calibration, and no significant difference was noted between the predicted probabilities and actual probabilities ( χ2=10.487, P=0.233); decision curve analysis results showed that the nomogram model could generate good clinical net benefits with risk threshold of 0%-60%; AUC of the internal validation ROC curve was 0.805 (95% CI: 0.785-0.816) and the C-index was 0.82 by Bootstrap resampling method, suggesting good stability of the model. Conclusion:Hydrocephalus patients with advanced age, history of craniotomy, and elevated NLRR trend to have DICH following VPS; the nomogram model constructed based on age, history of craniotomy and NLRR has good predictive performance and clinical practicability.

AIM:To display the distribution of evi-dence in the field of Yiqifumai injection treatment for heart failure.METHODS:To retrieve relevant da-tabases such as CBM,CNKI,Wanfang,VIP,Co-chrane Library,PubMed,Embase,and Web of Sci-ence,and search for the China Clinical Trial Regis-try,ClinicalTrials.gov and collect clinical studies,sys-tematic evaluations,and guideline studies on the treatment of heart failure with Yiqifumai injection.The evidence map research method use a table to display the proportion of literature,sample size,co-morbidities,and quality evaluations of systematic evaluations.Use a pie chart to display the propor-tion distribution of research types,a line chart to describe publication trends,and a bubble chart to display the distribution of evidence.RESULTS:The overall number of articles on the treatment of heart failure with Yiqifumai injection is in a steady development stage.Clinical studies are mainly small sample,single center,short-term randomized controlled trials,with a sample size of 60-100 cases and an intervention duration of mostly 14 days.The underlying disease is mainly coronary heart dis-ease.Clinical research evidence tends to support the therapeutic effect of Yiqifumai injection com-bined with conventional Western medicine in im-proving heart failure patients'heart function and quality of life.However,there are also issues such as low overall quality of research,unreasonable clinical trial design,small sample size,incomplete selection of outcome indicators,low international recognition of certain outcome indicators,and lack of reporting on long-term outcomes The overall quality of randomized controlled trials andsystem-atic evaluation methodology is low.CONCLUSION:In the future,more large sample,multicenter clini-cal randomized controlled trials should be conduct-ed to obtain higher-level evidence-based medicine evidence to fully demonstrate the advantages of traditional Chinese medicine treatment,and pro-mote the common development of traditional Chi-nese medicine cardiology and evidence-based med-icine.

Objective:To explore the clinical characteristics of hydrocephalus patients with delayed intracranial hemorrhage (DICH) after ventriculo-peritoneal shunt (VPS) and independent influencing factors for DICH after VPS, and construct a nomogram model for predicting the incidence of DICH after VPS.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed; clinical data of 168 patients with hydrocephalus who underwent VPS at Department of Neurosurgery, Lihuili Hospital Affiliated to Ningbo University from January 2016 to December 2023 were collected. Based on the postoperative DICH occurrence, these patients were categorized into a non-DICH group and a DICH group. Clinical characteristics of patients from the DICH group were analyzed. Differences in clinical data between patients from the non-DICH group and DICH group were compared. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was performed to screen the independent influencing factors for DICH after VPS, and a nomogram model for predicting DICH incidence after VPS was constructed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, calibration curve, Hosmer-Lemeshow test and Bootstrap resampling method were used to evaluate the predictive efficiency and stability of the nomogram model.Results:(1) Among the 168 patients, 36 (21.43%) developed DICH, which occurred (6.06±2.77) days after VPS (ranged 2-13 days). Seven patients presented with symptoms as vomiting, epilepsy, and decreased consciousness, while 29 patients had no hemorrhage-related complication. The hemorrhage volume in these 36 DICH patients was 0.85(0.30, 3.54) mL. Regarding the hemorrhage sites, 12 patients had simple puncture tract hemorrhage, 14 had simple intraventricular hemorrhage, 7 had both puncture tract hemorrhage and intraventricular hemorrhage, and 3 had puncture tract hemorrhage combined with hemorrhage in other sites. At discharge, 8 patients had a good prognosis, and 28 had a poor prognosis. (2) Compared with the non-DICH group, the DICH group had statistically older age, higher proportion of patients with hypertension or craniotomy history, lower preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), higher postoperative NLR, and higher ratio of postoperative to preoperative NLR (NLRR), with significant differences ( P<0.05). Results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis indicated that age ( OR=1.077, 95% CI: 1.022-1.135, P=0.005), history of craniotomy ( OR=3.547, 95% CI: 1.384-9.092, P=0.008), and NLRR ( OR=1.744, 95% CI: 1.179-2.581, P=0.005) were independent influencing factors for DICH in hydrocephalus patients after VPS ( P<0.05). (3) A nomogram model for predicting DICH in hydrocephalus patients after VPS was constructed based on age, history of craniotomy and NLRR. ROC curve analysis showed that area under the curve (AUC) of the nomogram model for predicting DICH in hydrocephalus patients after VPS was 0.812 (95% CI: 0.735-0.890, P<0.001); Hosmer-Lemeshow test indicated that the model had good calibration, and no significant difference was noted between the predicted probabilities and actual probabilities ( χ2=10.487, P=0.233); decision curve analysis results showed that the nomogram model could generate good clinical net benefits with risk threshold of 0%-60%; AUC of the internal validation ROC curve was 0.805 (95% CI: 0.785-0.816) and the C-index was 0.82 by Bootstrap resampling method, suggesting good stability of the model. Conclusion:Hydrocephalus patients with advanced age, history of craniotomy, and elevated NLRR trend to have DICH following VPS; the nomogram model constructed based on age, history of craniotomy and NLRR has good predictive performance and clinical practicability.

In the era of evidence-based medicine, it is necessary to explore the unique advantages of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) based on standardized technical methods and operating procedures in order to achieve the modernization and internationalization of TCM and benefit all humanity. The proposal of a three-pronged evidence system combining TCM theory, human experience and experimental evidence marks an important progress in the thinking method of the TCM evaluation system. The multi-evidence body integrated through appropriate methods provides a strong support for the clinical guideline recommendations and evidence-based health decision-making in TCM. Based on the current methodological progress of international evidence synthesis and grading, this paper proposes a novel approach for integrating multi-evidence in TCM: the MERGE framework. The aim is to establish a solid foundation for the development of this methodology and provide guidance for the advancement of evidence-based medicine framework in TCM.

Objective To construct a precise model for identifying traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)constitutions,thereby offering optimized guidance for clinical diagnosis and treatment plan-ning,and ultimately enhancing medical efficiency and treatment outcomes. Methods First,TCM full-body inspection data acquisition equipment was employed to col-lect full-body standing images of healthy people,from which the constitutions were labelled and defined in accordance with the Constitution in Chinese Medicine Questionnaire(CCMQ),and a dataset encompassing labelled constitutions was constructed.Second,heat-suppres-sion valve(HSV)color space and improved local binary patterns(LBP)algorithm were lever-aged for the extraction of features such as facial complexion and body shape.In addition,a dual-branch deep network was employed to collect deep features from the full-body standing images.Last,the random forest(RF)algorithm was utilized to learn the extracted multifea-tures,which were subsequently employed to establish a TCM constitution identification mod-el.Accuracy,precision,and F1 score were the three measures selected to assess the perfor-mance of the model. Results It was found that the accuracy,precision,and F1 score of the proposed model based on multifeatures for identifying TCM constitutions were 0.842,0.868,and 0.790,respectively.In comparison with the identification models that encompass a single feature,either a single facial complexion feature,a body shape feature,or deep features,the accuracy of the model that incorporating all the aforementioned features was elevated by 0.105,0.105,and 0.079,the precision increased by 0.164,0.164,and 0.211,and the F1 score rose by 0.071,0.071,and 0.084,respectively. Conclusion The research findings affirmed the viability of the proposed model,which incor-porated multifeatures,including the facial complexion feature,the body shape feature,and the deep feature.In addition,by employing the proposed model,the objectification and intel-ligence of identifying constitutions in TCM practices could be optimized.