Locoregional therapy （LRT）， including transarterial chemoembolization， transarterial radioembolization， and various ablation techniques， is an important treatment method for hepatocellular carcinoma. Many studies in recent years have confirmed that LRT has a dual regulatory effect on tumor immune microenvironment. While LRT induces immunogenic cell death， activates dendritic cell-mediated and T cell-driven immunity， and triggers systemic antitumor responses， it concomitantly upregulates the adenosine signaling pathway， promotes the accumulation of TREM2⁺ macrophages， and enhances the expression of immunosuppressive factors， thereby forming an immunosuppressive microenvironment. At present， the combination of LRT and immune checkpoint inhibitors has shown a promising future and has promoted the exploration of novel targets within treatment-associated immunosuppressive pathways， such as adenosine， TREM2⁺ macrophages， and IL-6. This article summarizes the dual regulatory effect of LRT on immune microenvironment and highlights that multi-omics techniques and clinical trials should be used in the future to decipher its dynamic alterations， in order to optimize combination strategies， realize individualized precise treatment， and improve the prognosis of patients.

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of hepatitis E (HE) in Huai'an City from 2015 to 2024, and construct and validate the prediction effect of the Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA) model, and to provide a scientific basis for HE prevention and control. Methods Data of reported HE cases in Huai'an City from January 2015 to December 2024 were extracted from the National Disease Control and Prevention Information System. Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the temporal, regional and population distribution characteristics of HE incidence. After data preprocessing, stationarity test and randomness test, the SARIMA model was constructed. The optimal model was selected by minimizing the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC). The model performance was evaluated by adjusted R-squared (Adj R²) and root mean square error (RMSE). The monthly incidence rate of HE in Huai'an City in 2025 was predicted and compared with the actual incidence data to validate the model. Results A total of 1 713 HE cases were reported in Huai'an City from 2015 to 2024, showing a fluctuating upward trend. Huaiyin District (339 cases) and Lianshui County (334 cases) were high-incidence areas. The cases were mainly concentrated in people aged 45 and above (83.3%), males (gender ratio 2.37:1) and farmers (70.8%). The optimal model was SARIMA (1,1,1)×(2,0,1)₁₂, with residual as white noise sequence. There was no statistical difference between the actual incidence and predicted value from January to August 2025 (P>0.05). Conclusion HE incidence in Huai'an has obvious aggregation and temporal fluctuation characteristics. The SARIMA model has a good prediction effect, which can provide reference for formulating targeted prevention and control strategies.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of Semaphorin 3A （Sema3A） on the progression of pathological cardiac hypertrophy. MethodsWild-type C57BL 6J mice， Sema3A global overexpressing （Sema3A/Cre-ER^TM） mice， and their littermate controls （Cre-ER^TM） were used， with 6 mice per group. A pressure-overload induced cardiac hypertrophy model was established via transverse aortic constriction （TAC）， with a sham-operated group （Sham） as the control. Cardiac hypertrophy was assessed by gross morphology， heart weight/body weight ratio （HW/BW）， heart weight/tibia length ratio （HW/HL）， and heart weight/lung weight ratio （HW/PW）. Cardiac function was evaluated by measuring ejection fraction （EF） and fractional shortening （FS） via echocardiography. In heart tissues， the mRNA level of atrial natriuretic peptide （ANP） and Sema3A were detected by RT-qPCR， Sema3A protein level was detected by western blot， morphological structure was detected by hematoxylin and eosin （HE） staining， level of fibrosis was detected by Masson’s trichrome staining， and angiogenesis was detected by immunohistochemical detection of CD31. For in vitro experiments， rat H9C2 cardiomyocytes were treated with angiotensin Ⅱ （Ang Ⅱ） to induce hypertrophy， with PBS-treated cells as the control. After 48 hours， the mRNA expression of ANP， B-type natriuretic peptide （BNP） and Sema3A were measured by RT-qPCR， and Sema3A protein level was assessed by western blot. ResultsAt the animal level， compared with the sham group， mice subjected to TAC showed significantly increased mRNA levels of ANP in cardiac tissue， as well as markedly elevated mRNA and protein levels of Sema3A （all P<0.05）. Compared with the Cre-ER^TM + TAC group， the Sema3A/Cre-ER^TM + TAC group exhibited more pronounced cardiac hypertrophy， greater ventricular wall thickening， higher HW/BW， HW/HL， and HW/PW ratios， more significant reductions in EF and FS， more severe cardiac fibrosis， and a significant decrease in cardiac CD31 expression levels （all P<0.05）. At the cellular level， compared with the control group， H9C2 cells treated with Ang Ⅱ displayed significantly increased mRNA levels of ANP and BNP， along with markedly elevated mRNA and protein levels of Sema3A （all P<0.05）. ConclusionSema3A promotes the progression of pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy by inhibiting angiogenesis.

ObjectiveTo investigate the mechanism by which Kangxian Yixin prescription regulates the circular RNA 0006719 （circ0006719）/microRNA 6852-5p （miR-6852-5p）/transforming growth factor-β₁ （TGF-β₁）/Smad axis to ameliorate myocardial fibrosis in rats with dilated cardiomyopathy （DCM） and angiotensin Ⅱ （Ang Ⅱ）-induced activation of cardiac fibroblasts （CFs）. MethodsA DCM rat model was established by administration of furazolidone. The rats were divided into normal group， model group， captopril （CAP， 10.1 mg·kg^-1·d^-1） group， and low-， medium-， and high-dose Kangxian Yixin prescription groups （0.9， 1.8， 3.6 g·kg^-1·d^-1）， with 15 rats in each group. After modeling， the treatment groups received corresponding drug solutions by gavage， whereas the normal and model groups received an equal volume of normal saline for 60 consecutive days. Echocardiography was used to measure left ventricular end-systolic diameter （LVESD）， left ventricular end-diastolic diameter （LVEDD）， left ventricular ejection fraction （LVEF）， and left ventricular fractional shortening （LVFS）. Transmission electron microscopy （TEM）， hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining， and Masson staining were used to observe myocardial ultrastructure， pathological changes， and collagen deposition. Immunohistochemistry （IHC） was used to detect the protein expression of collagen type Ⅰ alpha 1 （Col1A1） and collagen type Ⅲ（Col Ⅲ） in myocardial tissue. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）， Western blot， and fluorescence in situ hybridization （FISH） were used to detect the expression and localization of circ0006719， miR-6852-5p， fibrosis-related molecules， and TGF-β₁/Smad pathway-related molecules in myocardial tissue and CFs. CFs from neonatal rats were isolated and cultured in vitro. Cell Counting Kit-8 （CCK-8） assay was used to determine the optimal concentration of Kangxian Yixin prescription for subsequent intervention. An Ang Ⅱ-induced CF activation model was established， and the cells were divided into normal group， Ang Ⅱ group， Ang Ⅱ+CAP group， Ang Ⅱ+Kangxian Yixin prescription group， and Ang Ⅱ+Kangxian Yixin prescription+miR-6852-5p inhibitor group. CF viability and fibrosis-related molecular expression were detected. RNA immunoprecipitation （RNA IP） and dual-luciferase reporter assays were used to verify the targeting relationship between circ0006719 and miR-6852-5p. ResultsCompared with the normal group， the model group showed significantly increased LVESD and LVEDD， significantly decreased LVEF and LVFS， aggravated myocardial ultrastructural and histopathological injury， and significantly increased collagen volume fraction （CVF） in myocardial tissue （P<0.01）. The expression of circ0006719， Col1A1 mRNA， Col ⅢmRNA， and Col1A1， Col Ⅲ， TGF-β₁， Smad3， and Smad4 proteins in myocardial tissue was significantly upregulated， whereas miR-6852-5p expression and Smad7 protein expression were significantly downregulated （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the CAP group and the high- and medium-dose Kangxian Yixin prescription groups showed varying degrees of improvement in cardiac function， myocardial fibrosis， circ0006719/miR-6852-5p expression， and TGF-β₁/Smad pathway-related indicators， with more pronounced improvements in the CAP group and the high-dose Kangxian Yixin prescription group （P<0.05， P<0.01）. In in vitro experiments， 2.0 g·L^-1 was determined as the optimal concentration of Kangxian Yixin prescription for subsequent intervention. Compared with the normal group， the Ang Ⅱ group showed significantly increased CF viability， significantly upregulated expression of circ0006719， Col1A1 mRNA， α-smooth muscle actin （α-SMA） mRNA， and Col1A1， α-SMA， TGF-β₁， Smad3， and Smad4 proteins in CFs， and significantly downregulated miR-6852-5p expression and Smad7 protein expression （P<0.01）. Compared with the Ang Ⅱ group， the Ang Ⅱ+CAP group and the Ang Ⅱ+Kangxian Yixin prescription group showed markedly decreased CF viability and fibrosis-related mRNA and protein expression， markedly increased miR-6852-5p expression， and markedly attenuated TGF-β₁/Smad pathway activation （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the Ang Ⅱ+Kangxian Yixin prescription group， the Ang Ⅱ+Kangxian Yixin prescription+miR-6852-5p inhibitor group showed significantly increased CF viability （P<0.01）， markedly increased expression of circ0006719， Col1A1 mRNA， and Col1A1， TGF-β₁， and Smad4 proteins in CFs， and markedly decreased miR-6852-5p expression （P<0.05， P<0.01）. RNA IP and dual-luciferase reporter assays showed a targeting binding relationship between circ0006719 and miR-6852-5p （P<0.01）. ConclusionKangxian Yixin prescription may alleviate myocardial collagen deposition and myocardial fibrosis， improve cardiac function in DCM rats， and inhibit Ang Ⅱ-induced abnormal activation of CFs. Its mechanism may be associated with downregulation of circ0006719， restoration of miR-6852-5p expression， and inhibition of the TGF-β₁/Smad pathway.

ObjectiveTo investigate the mechanism by which Kangxian Yixin prescription regulates the circular RNA 0006719 （circ0006719）/microRNA 6852-5p （miR-6852-5p）/transforming growth factor-β₁ （TGF-β₁）/Smad axis to ameliorate myocardial fibrosis in rats with dilated cardiomyopathy （DCM） and angiotensin Ⅱ （Ang Ⅱ）-induced activation of cardiac fibroblasts （CFs）. MethodsA DCM rat model was established by administration of furazolidone. The rats were divided into normal group， model group， captopril （CAP， 10.1 mg·kg^-1·d^-1） group， and low-， medium-， and high-dose Kangxian Yixin prescription groups （0.9， 1.8， 3.6 g·kg^-1·d^-1）， with 15 rats in each group. After modeling， the treatment groups received corresponding drug solutions by gavage， whereas the normal and model groups received an equal volume of normal saline for 60 consecutive days. Echocardiography was used to measure left ventricular end-systolic diameter （LVESD）， left ventricular end-diastolic diameter （LVEDD）， left ventricular ejection fraction （LVEF）， and left ventricular fractional shortening （LVFS）. Transmission electron microscopy （TEM）， hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining， and Masson staining were used to observe myocardial ultrastructure， pathological changes， and collagen deposition. Immunohistochemistry （IHC） was used to detect the protein expression of collagen type Ⅰ alpha 1 （Col1A1） and collagen type Ⅲ（Col Ⅲ） in myocardial tissue. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）， Western blot， and fluorescence in situ hybridization （FISH） were used to detect the expression and localization of circ0006719， miR-6852-5p， fibrosis-related molecules， and TGF-β₁/Smad pathway-related molecules in myocardial tissue and CFs. CFs from neonatal rats were isolated and cultured in vitro. Cell Counting Kit-8 （CCK-8） assay was used to determine the optimal concentration of Kangxian Yixin prescription for subsequent intervention. An Ang Ⅱ-induced CF activation model was established， and the cells were divided into normal group， Ang Ⅱ group， Ang Ⅱ+CAP group， Ang Ⅱ+Kangxian Yixin prescription group， and Ang Ⅱ+Kangxian Yixin prescription+miR-6852-5p inhibitor group. CF viability and fibrosis-related molecular expression were detected. RNA immunoprecipitation （RNA IP） and dual-luciferase reporter assays were used to verify the targeting relationship between circ0006719 and miR-6852-5p. ResultsCompared with the normal group， the model group showed significantly increased LVESD and LVEDD， significantly decreased LVEF and LVFS， aggravated myocardial ultrastructural and histopathological injury， and significantly increased collagen volume fraction （CVF） in myocardial tissue （P<0.01）. The expression of circ0006719， Col1A1 mRNA， Col ⅢmRNA， and Col1A1， Col Ⅲ， TGF-β₁， Smad3， and Smad4 proteins in myocardial tissue was significantly upregulated， whereas miR-6852-5p expression and Smad7 protein expression were significantly downregulated （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the CAP group and the high- and medium-dose Kangxian Yixin prescription groups showed varying degrees of improvement in cardiac function， myocardial fibrosis， circ0006719/miR-6852-5p expression， and TGF-β₁/Smad pathway-related indicators， with more pronounced improvements in the CAP group and the high-dose Kangxian Yixin prescription group （P<0.05， P<0.01）. In in vitro experiments， 2.0 g·L^-1 was determined as the optimal concentration of Kangxian Yixin prescription for subsequent intervention. Compared with the normal group， the Ang Ⅱ group showed significantly increased CF viability， significantly upregulated expression of circ0006719， Col1A1 mRNA， α-smooth muscle actin （α-SMA） mRNA， and Col1A1， α-SMA， TGF-β₁， Smad3， and Smad4 proteins in CFs， and significantly downregulated miR-6852-5p expression and Smad7 protein expression （P<0.01）. Compared with the Ang Ⅱ group， the Ang Ⅱ+CAP group and the Ang Ⅱ+Kangxian Yixin prescription group showed markedly decreased CF viability and fibrosis-related mRNA and protein expression， markedly increased miR-6852-5p expression， and markedly attenuated TGF-β₁/Smad pathway activation （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the Ang Ⅱ+Kangxian Yixin prescription group， the Ang Ⅱ+Kangxian Yixin prescription+miR-6852-5p inhibitor group showed significantly increased CF viability （P<0.01）， markedly increased expression of circ0006719， Col1A1 mRNA， and Col1A1， TGF-β₁， and Smad4 proteins in CFs， and markedly decreased miR-6852-5p expression （P<0.05， P<0.01）. RNA IP and dual-luciferase reporter assays showed a targeting binding relationship between circ0006719 and miR-6852-5p （P<0.01）. ConclusionKangxian Yixin prescription may alleviate myocardial collagen deposition and myocardial fibrosis， improve cardiac function in DCM rats， and inhibit Ang Ⅱ-induced abnormal activation of CFs. Its mechanism may be associated with downregulation of circ0006719， restoration of miR-6852-5p expression， and inhibition of the TGF-β₁/Smad pathway.

Objective: To analyze vaccine hesitancy and its influencing factors among parents of children aged 0-6 years, so as to provide the evidence for developing targeted intervention measures. Methods: From March to May 2025, a convenience sampling method was used to select parents of children aged 0-6 years who were waiting or staying for observation in vaccination clinics in Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province as survey participants. Data on age, sex, and level of vaccination knowledge were collected through a questionnaire survey. Vaccine hesitancy was assessed using the Chinese version of the 5C Psychological Antecedents of Vaccination Scale. Multivariable logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors for vaccine hesitancy. Results: A total of 1 071 parents of children aged 0-6 years were surveyed, including 305 fathers (28.48%) and 766 mothers (71.52%). The predominant age group was 25-<35 years, with 697 parents (65.08%). A total of 89 parents (8.31%) showed vaccine hesitancy. The results of the multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that parents aged <35 years (<25 years, OR=0.112, 95%CI: 0.025-0.504; 25-<35 years, OR=0.110, 95%CI: 0.033-0.371) had a lower likelihood of vaccine hesitancy. Parents who were unmarried/divorced/widowed (OR=4.452, 95%CI: 1.625-12.193) and those with a vaccination knowledge score <80 points (<60 points, OR=8.548, 95%CI: 2.701-27.048; 60-<80 points, OR=2.903, 95%CI: 1.725-4.885) had a higher likelihood of vaccine hesitancy. Conclusion Approximately 10% of parents of children aged 0-6 years showed vaccine hesitancy, which was associated with parental age, marital status, and vaccination knowledge score.

To investigate the correlation between vitamin D nutritional status and insulin resistance in pubertal adolescents.

As the need for antibody production rises, there is an urgent need to lower the costs and enhance the efficiency of the separation process. Currently, the chromatographic media used for antibody separation and purification often focus on individual properties of antibodies, such as affinity, hydrophobicity, and charge, leading to issues like low purification efficiency or inadequate adsorption capacity. To address this, an electrostatically coupled polypeptide affinity medium (FD7-3, 5-diaminobenzoic acid n-sepharose, FD7-DA-Sepharose) was developed for rapid purification of antibodies from cell culture supernatant. This medium utilized 3, 5-diaminobenzoic acid as a spacer to attach the heptapeptide-affinity ligand (FYEILHD, FD7) to agarose microspheres. Antibodies could be adsorbed through charge interactions with the carboxyl functional group of the FD7-DA-Sepharose spacer, while FD7 enhanced electrostatic coupling and affinity adsorption through synergistic effects, significantly increasing the adsorption capacity while maintaining the affinity and specificity. The influences of pH and ionic strength on adsorption capacity were investigated with human immunoglobulin as a model protein. The static adsorption capacity (Q_m) of FD7-DA-Sepharose in the solution of pH 6.0 reached 67.73 mg/mL, representing a 52.68% increase compared with that (44.36 mg/mL) of the commercial Protein A affinity medium. Furthermore, the elution conditions for FD7-DA- Sepharose were mild (20 mmol/L PB, 0.5 mol/L NaCl, pH 6.0), in contrast to the harsh acidic elution (pH 2.7-3.6) typically associated with Protein A, which can damage antibody integrity. The FD7-DA-Sepharose medium was then employed to purify antibodies from cell culture supernatant, achieving the yield of 94.8% and the purity of 98.4%. The secondary structure of the purified antibody was determined by circular dichroism spectroscopy. The results demonstrated that FD7-DA-Sepharose enabled efficient purification of antibodies from cell culture supernatant, which provided a cost-effective solution (approximately one-third the price of commercial Protein A affinity medium) with gentle elution conditions that preserve the natural conformation of antibodies. This approach paves a novel, economical, and efficient way for the separation and purification of antibodies from cell culture supernatant.
Chromatography, Affinity/methods* ; Static Electricity ; Humans ; Sepharose/analogs & derivatives* ; Peptides/chemistry* ; Adsorption ; Antibodies/isolation & purification*

Objective:To discuss the effects of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs)transplantation on mitophagy in the vascular dementia(VaD)rats through reactive oxygen species(ROS)/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2)signaling,and to clarify its mechanism.Methods:Forty-five male adult SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group,model group,unloaded group,BMSCs group,and MSCs+ML385(Nrf2 inhibitor)group(combination group),and there were 9 rats in each group.After intraperitoneal anesthesia,the VaD models were established in all groups except sham operation group.Morris water maze test was used to detect the learning and memory abilities of the rats in various groups;HE staining was used to observe the histopathological morphology of brain tissue of the rats in various groups;Nissl staining was used to observe the changes of Nissl bodies in hippocampus region of brain tissue of the rats in various groups;transmission electron microscope was used to observe the ultrastructure of hippocampus region of the rats in various groups;fluorescence probe method was used to detect the ROS levels in hippocampus neurons in various groups;Western blotting method was used to detect the expression levels of Nrf2,heme oxygenase-1(HO-1),PTEN-induced putative kinase 1(PINK1),parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin protein ligase(Parkin),Beclin-1,ubiquitin-binding protein p62(P62),and microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3(LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ)ratio in brain tissue of the rats in various groups.Results:The Morris water maze results showed that compared with sham operation group,the escape latency of the rats in model group was significantly increased(P<0.01),while the number of crossing time and residence time were significantly decreased(P<0.01).Compared with model group,the escape latency of the rats in BMSCs group was significantly decreased(P<0.01),while the number of crossing time and residence time were significantly increased(P<0.01).Compared with BMSCs group,the escape latency of the rats in combination group was significantly increased(P<0.01),while the number of crossing time and residence time were significantly decreased(P<0.01).The HE staining results showed that hippocampus neurons of the rats in sham operation group were normal in quantity and morphology,with uniform staining and clear structure.Compared with sham operation group,the hippocampus tissue of the rats in model group showed sparse arrangement,disordered structure,reduced neuronal quantity,varied morphology,uneven staining,nuclear pyknosis,and partial neuronal necrosis.Compared with model group,the neuronal damage of the rats in hippocampus regio in BMSCs group was alleviated,with restored morphology and improved neuronal loss.Compared with BMSCs group,the neurons of the rats in hippocampus region in combination group showed irregular morphology,disordered structure,unclear cell boundaries,uneven staining,and nuclear pyknosis.The Nissl staining results showed that the hippocampal neurons in sham operation group were tightly arranged with intact morphology,obvious nucleoli,and abundant darkly stained Nissl bodies.Compared with sham operation group,the neurons in hippocampus region of the rats in model group showed pyknosis,vacuolization,and sparse Nissl bodies.Compared with model group,the BMSCs group showed reduced neuronal pyknosis,relatively intact morphology,and increased Nissl bodies.Compared with BMSCs group,the combination group showed neuronal pyknosis,loss of morphological integrity,and fragmented Nissl bodies.The transmission electron microscope results showed that mitochondria in sham operation group exhibited oval shape with intact double-membrane structure and cristae.Compared with sham operation group,the mitochondria in model group showed swelling,disrupted membranes,broken cristae,and numerous autophagosomes.Compared with model group,the BMSCs group showed improved mitochondrial structure and reduced autophagosomes.Compared with BMSCs group,the combination group showed swollen mitochondria,disrupted membranes,broken cristae,and visible autophagosomes.The fluorescence probe results showed that compared with sham operation group,the ROS levels in the hippocampus neurons in brain tissue of the rats in model group were significantly increased(P<0.01);compared with model group,the ROS levels in hippocampus neurons in brain tissue of the rats in BMSCs group were significantly decreased(P<0.01);compared with BMSCs group,the ROS levels in hippocampus neurons in brain tissue of the rats in combination group were significantly increased(P<0.01).The Western blotting results showed that compared with sham operation group,the expression levels of Nrf2 and HO-1 proteins in brain tissue of the rats in model group were significantly decreased(P<0.01);compared with model group,the expression levels of Nrf2 and HO-1 proteins in brain tissue of the rats in BMSCs group were significantly increased(P<0.01);compared with BMSCs group,the expression levels of Nrf2 and HO-1 proteins in brain tissue of the rats in combination group were significantly decreased(P<0.01);compared with sham operation group,the expression levels of Parkin,PINK1,and Beclin-1 proteins,and LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ ratio of the rats in model group were significantly increased(P<0.01),while the expression level of P62 protein was significantly decreased(P<0.01);compared with model group,the expression levels of Parkin,PINK1,and Beclin-1 proteins,as well as the LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ ratio,of the rats in BMSCs group were significantly decreased(P<0.01),while the expression level of P62 protein was significantly increased(P<0.01);compared with BMSCs group,the expression levels of Parkin,PINK1,and Beclin-1 proteins,as well as the LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ ratio,of the rats in combination group were significantly increased(P<0.01),while the expression level of P62 protein was significantly decreased(P<0.01).Conclusion:BMSCs can alleviate the hippocampal neuronal pathological changes and improve cognitive function in the VaD rats,and its mechanism may be related to the regulation of ROS/Nrf2 signaling pathway to inhibit mitophagy.

Objective To retrospectively review 19 cases of renal epithelioid angiomyolipoma(REAML)and to ex-plore the clinical characteristics and diagnostic methods in order to optimize diagnosis and clinical treatment.Methods Clinical data of 19 patients with REAML admitted to the hospital from June 2020 to March 2024 were re-viewed for clinical characteristics of the disease,surgical procedure and follow-up outcomes.Results All 19 pa-tients received successful laparoscopic surgery.Among them,16 cases received retroperitoneal laparoscopic partial nephrectomy and 3 cases received retroperitoneal laparoscopic radical nephrectomy.Post-operative pathological diag-noses indicated that all cases were classified as renal epithelioid angiomyolipoma.After 4-45 months of follow-up,no tumor recurrence or metastasis was observed.Conclusions Renal epithelioid angiomyolipoma is a rare clinical disease with potential malignant transformation as recurrence and metastasis.Complete resection of the tumor by sur-gery is an effective treatment.Retroperitoneal laparoscopic partial nephrectomy is the first choice.