Objective: To investigate the awareness of knowledge about hepatitis C prevention and control among outpatients in Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province, and its influencing factors, so as to provide the evidence for strengthening health education on hepatitis C prevention and control. Methods: Based on sentinel surveillance of hepatitis C, the outpatients aged 15 to 65 years at seven hospitals in Yinzhou District, Cixi City and Xiangshan County of Ningbo City were selected using the convenient sampling method from April to June during 2020 and 2022. Demographic information, knowledge and behaviors related to hepatitis C prevention and control were collected through questionnaire surveys. The influencing factors for knowledge about hepatitis C prevention and control were analyzed using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: A total of 2 792 participants were surveyed, including 1 157 males (41.44%) and 1 635 females (58.56%). The awareness rate of knowledge about hepatitis C prevention and control was 56.23%, and was lower in knowledge about hepatitis C vaccine and treatment. The awareness rates of knowledge about hepatitis C prevention and control among outpatients from 2020 to 2022 were 47.11%, 53.22% and 70.65%, respectively, showing an upward trend (P<0.05). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that participants aged 25 to <50 years (OR=1.358, 95%CI: 1.073-1.719), with an educational level of high school or junior college (OR=1.431, 95%CI: 1.134-1.806) or above junior college (OR=3.728, 95%CI: 2.958-4.699), with household monthly income per capita of 3 000 to <5 000 yuan (OR=1.828, 95%CI: 1.344-2.486) or ≥5 000 yuan (OR=1.858, 95%CI: 1.366-2.526), without a history of invasive treatments such as pedicure in public places (OR=1.287, 95%CI: 1.024-1.618), without a history of contact with family members' blood-contaminated items (OR=2.050, 95%CI: 1.552-2.707), and always using condoms during sexual contacts (OR=1.740, 95%CI: 1.273-2.378) had higher awareness of knowledge about hepatitis C prevention and control. Conclusions The awareness of knowledge about hepatitis C vaccine and treatment among outpatients in Ningbo City needs to be improved. Age, educational level, household monthly income per capita, history of invasive treatments such as pedicure in public places, history of contact with family members' blood-contaminated items and frequency of condom use during sexual contacts are associated with outpatients' awareness of knowledge about hepatitis C prevention and control.

To explore the effects of different exercise prescriptions on glycemic metabolism in East Asian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and to compare the differences in the impact of population characteristics and exercise components on glycemic metabolism.

To investigate the correlation between vitamin D nutritional status and insulin resistance in pubertal adolescents.

Objective: To investigate the association between occupational stress and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among grassroots medical personnels, so as to provide the reference for improving their physical and mental well-being. Methods: From March to May 2024, medical staff from nine street community health service centers in Liangxi District, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province were selected by a convenient sampling method. Basic information was collected through questionnaire surveys. Occupational stress was assessed using the Core Occupational Stress Measurement Scale. Health utility value and the Visual Analog Scale (EQ-VAS) score were investigated using the European Quality of Life Five-Dimension Five-Level (EQ-5D-5L) questionnaire. The association between occupational stress and HRQoL was analyzed using multiple linear regression model. Results: A total of 909 individuals were surveyed, including 141 males (15.51%) and 768 females (84.49%). The average occupational stress score was (24.41±9.45) points. The average health utility value was (0.96±0.07), with 372 individuals (40.92%) experiencing health problems in at least one dimension. The primarily problems were pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression, with 249 (27.39%) and 265 (29.15%) individuals, respectively. The average EQ-VAS score was (86.62±13.84) points. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that occupation (nurses, β'=0.101; pharmacists, β'=0.101; medical technicians, β'=0.090), professional title (intermediate, β'=-0.079; associate senior, β'=-0.081; senior, β'=-0.101), and occupational stress (β'=-0.288) were influencing factors for health utility value. Occupation (nurses, β'=0.087; pharmacists, β'=0.146; medical technicians, β'=0.073) and occupational stress (β'=-0.226) were influencing factors for EQ-VAS score. After adjusting for variables such as gender, age, educational level, occupation, professional title, work experience, and monthly income, grassroots medical personnels with higher occupational stress score had lower health utility values (β'=-0.296) and EQ-VAS score (β'=-0.237). Conclusions Occupational stress can reduce the HRQoL among grassroots medical personnels. It is recommended to regularly assess occupational stress levels and intervene early to address their psychological and physical health issues.

The randomized controlled trials (RCTs) regarding acupuncture direction published from January 1st, 2013, to November 7th, 2023 were searched in China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform, and VIP Chinese Journal Database. As a result, 21 RCTs were included. The problems identified included conceptual misunderstandings regarding acupuncture direction, incomplete selection strategies, confounding research factors, and inaccuracies in reporting. Based on the findings, four strategic approaches for enhancing therapeutic efficacy through acupuncture direction were summarized: aligning needle direction with the meridian pathway, directing the needle toward the lesion site, orienting the needle toward adjacent acupoints, and targeting special anatomical structures. Two additional strategies were proposed for optimizing the procedure: simplifying acupuncture operations and directing the needle toward safe anatomical sites. Recommendations were made to improve the rationality of research factor settings and the completeness of acupuncture operation reporting. Furthermore, three methods for reporting acupuncture direction were discussed: reporting the tip-pointed position, reporting the insertion angle and orientation, and reporting azimuth and polar angles, aiming to promote greater standardization and completeness in acupuncture practice and reporting.
Acupuncture Therapy/standards* ; Humans ; Acupuncture Points ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Meridians

Objective:To study the correlation between spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea and increased intracranial pressure.Methods:Clinical data of patients with spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea treated in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology of the Provincial Hospital of Shandong First Medical University from January 2019 to December 2023 and their epidemiology, clinical symptoms and signs, preoperative cerebrospinal fluid pressure, imaging data, leakage site, repair method and the presence or absebce of increased intracranial pressure were analysed. SPSS 23.0 software was used for statistical analysis.Results:Of the 57 patients with cerebrospinal fluid nasolacrimal leakage, 84.2%(48/57) were females and 15.8%(9/57) were males; 80.7%(46/57) were between 40 and 60 years old; and overweight and obese patients accounted for 75.4%(43/57). Of 57 patients, 35 patients received cranial MRI+magnetic resonance venography, and among them, 12(34.3%) patients were clinically with headache symptoms; the incidences of empty pterygoid and venous sinus stenosis were 40.0%(14/35) and 51.4%(18/35), respectively; and 33 patients underwent preoperative lumbar puncture examination, of whom 25(75.8%) patients had the increased cerebrospinal fluid pressure and 1 patient had idiopathic intracranial hypertension. All 57 patients underwent dural repair of the skull base, the postoperative follow-up period ranged from 3 to 60 months, and the success rate of surgery was 94.7%. The success rate was 100% in female patients and 33.3%(3/9) in male patients, including one with surgical failure receiving reoperation and two with postoperative recurrence in other areas of the skull base, with significant difference in the success rate of surgery between males and females (χ 2=16.890, P<0.001). Conclusions:Most patients with spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea have the increased cerebrospinal fluid pressures, but very few fulfil the diagnosis of idiopathic intracranial hypertension. The success rate of surgical repair alone is high, but some recurrences still exist, especially in male patients.

Abstract On 18 May 2021, the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) of X District in P City, Z Province received a co-investigation of a suspected case of intentional HIV transmission from the public security branch, and conducted epidemiological investigations on Zhao and Wang (both males). Wang was confirmed HIV-positive in 2019. Zhao had unprotected sexual encounters several times with Wang in March 2021 without being informed of Wang's HIV infection. Zhao developed fever, sore throat and other symptoms of acute infection phase on 28 March, and were confirmed HIV positive by the CDC of P City on 11 May. Zhao did not have sex with anyone else before or after having sex with Wang. In addition, Zhao had no history of surgery, blood transfusions, drug use or any other history of HIV exposure. Laboratory tests conducted by the CDC of Z Province showed that the HIV nucleic acid sequences between the samples of Zhao and Wang had a high degree of homology. Combined with the epidemiological investigation, laboratory testing and the evidence from the public security branch, it was concluded that Wang intentionally transmitted HIV to Zhao through unprotected anal sex without disclosing his HIV infection status.

BACKGROUND:Mesenchymal stem cells are susceptible to senescence during in vitro expansion,which greatly hinders their application in vivo and in vitro.How to improve the replicative senescence of mesenchymal stem cells is an urgent problem to be solved in tissue engineering. OBJECTIVE:To determine whether vascular endothelial growth factor combined with basic fibroblast growth factor can improve the aging of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells caused by replicative passage. METHODS:Rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were extracted by whole bone marrow adhesion method.Passage 2 cells were selected as normal control group.Passage 7 and later algebraic cells were selected as aging model group.Vascular endothelial growth factor(50 μg/L),basic fibroblast growth factor(10 μg/L),and their combination were administered.Cell proliferation was detected by CCK-8 assay.Cell senescence was observed by β-galactosidase activity staining.Cytoskeleton size and colony formation ability were observed by phalloidine staining and Giemsa staining,respectively,and the levels of senescence-related genes P16,P21,and P53 were detected by qRT-PCR.Gene expression levels of P16,P21,and P53 were tested by qRT-PCR. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Vascular endothelial growth factor combined with basic fibroblast growth factor could promote the proliferation of aged bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,which began to enter the plateau stage on day 9,and the absorbance value of the combined intervention group was significantly higher than that of the model group on day 9(P<0.05).(2)The phenotypic markers of the cells in the combined intervention group did not change,and the cell morphology changed from broad to slender.(3)Compared with the model group,the positive rate of β-galactosidase was significantly decreased(P<0.01);the number of nuclei increased(P<0.001);the total area of cytoskeleton increased(P<0.01);colony formation ability was enhanced(P<0.05);expression level of P16 was decreased(P<0.01)in the combined intervention group.These results indicate that vascular endothelial growth factor combined with basic fibroblast growth factor can improve the senescence of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells caused by replicative passage without changing the cell phenotype.

Objective To compare the effect of internal iliac artery block using balloon of different properties in cesarean section for delivery female patients with pernicious placenta previa(PPP).Methods The clinical data of 82 delivery female patients with PPP were retrospectively analyzed.The patients were divided into observation group(n=40)and control group(n=42).The patients of the observation group received compliant Fogarty balloon block of bilateral internal iliac arteries,while the patients of the control group received non-compliant balloon block of bilateral internal iliac arteries.The preoperative and postoperative systolic blood pressure and heart rate,X-ray fluoroscopy time,fetal body surface radiation dose,time spent for cesarean section,intraoperative blood loss amount and blood transfusion quantity,uterine artery embolization rate,hysterectomy rate,1-,5-,and 10-minute neonatal Apgar scores,postoperative hospital stay,and surgery-related complications were compared between the two groups.Results In all patients of both groups,the uterus was successfully preserved and the bilateral internal iliac artery balloon obstruction-assisted cesarean section was successfully accomplished.After the balloon catheter was withdrawn,uterine artery embolization was carried out in some patients,and no patient received ovarian artery embolization and hysterectomy.No statistically significant differences in preoperative,postoperative systolic blood pressure and heart rate existed between the two groups,but in both groups the postoperative systolic blood pressure and heart rate were lower than their preoperative values(all P＜0.05).No statistically significant differences in X-ray fluoroscopy time,fetal body surface radiation dose,uterine artery embolization rate,hysterectomy rate,1-,5-,and 10-minute neonatal Apgar scores,and postoperative hospital stay existed between the two groups.In the observation group the time spent for cesarean section,intraoperative blood loss amount and blood transfusion quantity were lower than those in the control group(all P＜0.05).The difference in the incidence of balloon obstruction-related complications between the two groups was not statistically significant.Conclusion In cesarean section for delivery female patients with PPP,balloon block of bilateral internal iliac,regardless of using compliant Fogarty balloon catheter or non-compliant balloon catheter,is clinically safe and effective.However,the use of compliant Fogarty balloon catheter is superior to the use of non-compliant balloon catheter in reducing the cesarean section operative time,intraoperative blood loss amount,and intraoperative blood transfusion quantity.