Digital technologies have become an integral part of complete denture restoration. With advancement in computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM), tools such as intraoral scanning, facial scanning, 3D printing, and numerical control machining are reshaping the workflow of complete denture restoration. Unlike conventional methods that rely heavily on clinical experience and manual techniques, digital technologies offer greater precision, predictability, and efficacy. They also streamline the process by reducing the number of patient visits and improving overall comfort. Despite these improvements, the clinical application of digital complete denture restoration still faces challenges that require further standardization. The major issues include appropriate case selection, establishing consistent digital workflows, and evaluating long-term outcomes. To address these challenges and provide clinical guidance for practitioners, this expert consensus outlines the principles, advantages, and limitations of digital complete denture technology. The aim of this review was to offer practical recommendations on indications, clinical procedures and precautions, evaluation metrics, and outcome assessment to support digital restoration of complete denture in clinical practice.
Humans ; Denture, Complete ; Computer-Aided Design ; Denture Design/methods* ; Consensus ; Printing, Three-Dimensional

Objective:To study the association between subtypes of hypertension and risk for all-cause mortality and cardio-cerebrovascular mortalities in the elderly in communities of Beijing.Methods:The data were collected from the Beijing Healthy Aging Cohort Study. The elderly in 5 urban areas (former Xicheng, former Xuanwu, Fangshan, Haidian and Tongzhou) and 4 rural areas (Yanqing, Miyun, Huairou and Daxing) in Beijing were selected as the study subjects by multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling. The baseline survey was conducted from July 2009 to September 2015. The follow-up was conducted until March 31, 2021, and a total of 6 326 participants were enrolled. Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to analyze the association of SBP, DBP, normal blood pressure, high normal blood pressure, simple systolic hypertension, simple diastolic hypertension and systolic diastolic hypertension with all-cause mortality and cardio-cerebrovascular mortality.Results:By March 31, 2021, the median follow-up time was 6.30 years, the all-cause mortality density was 201.67/10 000 person-years, and the cardio-cerebrovascular mortality density was 90.20/10 000 person-years. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression model analysis showed that the risk for all-cause mortality increased by 5.6% ( HR=1.056, 95% CI: 1.020-1.092), and the risk for cardio-cerebrovasculvar mortality increased by 12.5% ( HR=1.125, 95% CI: 1.071-1.182) for every 10 mmHg increase in SBP. The risk for all-cause mortality increased by 8.6% ( HR=1.086, 95% CI: 1.023-1.152), and the risk for cardio-cerebrovascular mortality increased by 19.9% ( HR=1.199, 95% CI: 1.101-1.306) for every 10 mmHg increase in DBP. Compared with the normal blood pressure group, the risk for all-cause mortality increased by 64.8% ( HR=1.648, 95% CI: 1.049-2.591) and the risk for cardio- cerebrovascular mortality increased by 112.8% ( HR=2.128, 95% CI: 1.069-4.233) in the simple diastolic hypertension group. The risk for all-cause mortality increased by 34.4% ( HR=1.344, 95% CI: 1.023-1.467) and the risk for cardio-cerebrovascular mortality increased by 111.3% ( HR=2.113, 95% CI: 1.384-3.225) in the systolic-diastolic hypertension group. Conclusions:In the elderly in communities of Beijing, beside systolic-diastolic hypertension. It is necessary to pay close attention to the simple diastolic hypertension, which has lower prevalence, and give targeted prevention and treatment.

Objective:To investigate the association of urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) in normal range and cardiovascular health (CVH) score with cardio-cerebroascular and all-cause mortality in urban elderly residents in Beijing.Methods:Based on Beijing Healthy Aging Cohort Study, data from 1 817 elderly participants with normal UACR were analyzed, and UACR was used as both continuous and categorical variable. "Life's Essential 8" was used to develop a CVH score. Statistical analysis was performed by using software SPSS 26.0 and R 4.2.1, including two independent samples t-test, χ2 test and non-parametric test. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression models stratified by CVH score and the restricted cubic spline were used to analyse the association of UACR with the risk for cardio-cerebrovascular and all-cause mortality. Results:By March 31, 2021, the median follow-up time M ( Q1, Q3) was 11.28 (10.84, 11.36) years, a total of 308 deaths were recorded during follow-up, and the mortality density was 163.87/10 000 person-years. The age of the participants was (71.4±6.6) years, and 1 070 participants were women. The results showed that the risk for both cardio-cerebrovascular disease and all-cause mortality decreased with the decrease of UACR in the low CVH score group ( HR=0.500, 95% CI: 0.341-0.734; HR=0.793, 95% CI: 0.647-0.971), and in the high CVH score group, there was a decreasing trend in the risk for cardio-cerebrovascular mortality with the decrease of UACR ( HR=0.665, 95% CI: 0.447-0.990). Compared with the participants with low CVH score and higher UACR, the risk for cardio-cerebrovascular and all-cause mortality decreased by 68.9% and 45.6%, respectively, in the participants with high CVH score and lower UACR ( HR=0.311, 95% CI: 0.131-0.739; HR=0.544, 95% CI: 0.360-0.822), and the risk for all-cause mortality decreased by 26.7% in the participants with high CVH score and higher UACR ( HR=0.733, 95% CI: 0.542-0.993). Conclusions:In urban elderly residents in Beijing, higher UACR were associated with a significantly increased risk for cardio-cerebrovascular and all-cause mortality, and in the low-CVH score group, decreased UACR was protective factor against cardio-cerebrovascular and all-cause mortality. The combined effect of cardiovascular health status and normal UACR had a greater protection against the risk for cardio-cerebrovascular and all-cause mortality.

Objective:To describe and analyze the distribution characteristics of a body shape index (ABSI) and its association with all-cause mortality in the elderly in communities of Beijing.Methods:The baseline and follow-up data of 10 423 subjects in Beijing Healthy Aging Cohort Study were used. The endpoint outcome was all-cause mortality in follow-up. The associations of ABSI, BMI and waist circumference with all-cause mortality were analyzed with a Cox proportional hazard regression model.Results:The mean follow-up time in this cohort was 6.36 years and the all-cause mortality was 15.27%. The restricted cubic spline results showed that ABSI showed a "U" association with all-cause mortality in the total population. After adjustment for confounding factors, compared with the normal ABSI group, the risk for all-cause mortality was higher in the low ABSI group ( HR=1.69, 95% CI: 1.32-2.17) and high ABSI group ( HR=1.75, 95% CI: 1.40-2.18). Compared with the normal BMI group, low BMI was associated with an increased risk for all-cause mortality ( HR=1.70, 95% CI: 1.40-2.08). Compared with the normal waist circumference group, central obesity was associated with a decreased risk for all-cause mortality ( HR=0.89, 95% CI: 0.80-0.99). The results of gender specific analysis on ABSI association with all-cause mortality were similar to that in total population, but the strength of association varied among different age groups. Cross-grouping results showed that older people with normal BMI and waist circumference and abnormal ABSI had an increased risk of all-cause mortality ( HR=1.91, 95% CI: 1.22-2.99). Conclusions:In Beijing, ABSI is correlated with the risk for all-cause mortality in the elderly population, which is more sensitive and specific than the traditional indicators (BMI and waist circumference). They can be used as one of the physical measurement indicators for all-cause mortality risk prediction in the health risk assessment and management in the elderly.

Objective:To explore the association between physical activity (PA) level and all-cause mortality in the elderly with different obesity status in Beijing.Methods:The study subjects were from the Cardiovascular and Cognitive Healthy Study in Middle-Aged and Elderly Residents of Beijing, a total of 3 746 individuals aged ≥60 years in the baseline survey between 2013 and 2015 were included in the study. Questionnaire survey and physical examination were conducted to collect the basic information of the individuals. The metabolic equivalent of the elderly was used to calculate the PA level, and an international PA questionnaire was used to determine the PA intensity. BMI, waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and a body shape index (ABSI) were used to evaluate individuals' obesity status. The distribution of different PA levels under different obesity states was described by using bar chart and cumulative percentage bar chart. Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to analyze the correlation between the level of PA and all-cause mortality risk in different types of obesity status.Results:By December 31, 2019, the median follow-up time was 5.46 years, and the mortality density was 244.55/10 000 person-years. Compared with the individuals in high-PA intensity group, the all-cause mortality risk increased by 41% ( HR=1.41, 95% CI: 1.14-1.76) and 122% ( HR=2.22, 95% CI: 1.76-2.81), respectively, in moderate and low PA intensity groups. Compared with the individuals in high-PA intensity-high-obesity group, based on the BMI, the all-cause mortality risk increased by 85% ( HR=1.85, 95% CI: 1.08-3.16) and 250% ( HR=3.50, 95% CI: 2.01-6.10) in those in moderate-PA intensity-high-obesity group and in low-intensity-high-obesity group. Based on the WHtR, the all-cause mortality risk increased by 53% ( HR=1.53, 95% CI: 1.02-2.29) and 218% ( HR=3.18, 95% CI: 2.09-4.86), respectively, in those with moderate-PA intensity-high-obesity and those with low-PA intensity-high-obesity. According to the ABSI, the all-cause mortality risk increased by 120% in those in low-PA intensity-high-obesity group ( HR=2.20, 95% CI: 1.53-3.18). Based on any one of the indicators BMI, WHtR, or ABSI, there was no significant difference in all-cause mortality risk between high-intensity-moderate-obesity group and high-intensity-low-obesity group (all P>0.05). Conclusions:PA level is closely associated with the all-cause mortality risk in the elderly in communities of Beijing. Increasing PA level can not only reduce the all-cause mortality risk but also reduce even eliminate the excess all-cause mortality risk associated with obesity.

Objective:To analyze the association between different lipid indicators and cardio-cerebrovascular mortality in the elderly, identify a better lipid indicator for the risk for cardio-cerebrovascular mortality in the elderly in communities of Beijing.Methods:The elderly aged 60 years and above were selected from the Beijing Healthy Aging Cohort Study from July 2009 to September 2015. Remnant cholesterol (RC) was derived by calculation. The Cox proportional hazard regression models determined the HR and 95% CI incidating the associations of baseline different lipid indicators with cardio-cerebrovascular and all-cause mortality. Results:By March 31, 2021, with a mean follow-up duration of 6.88 years in the study population, a total of 492 cardio-cerebrovascular deaths and 1 056 all-cause deaths wre recorded. The HR values indicating the association between LDL-C, HDL-C, and RC were 0.87 (95% CI: 0.78-0.97), 0.46 (95% CI: 0.35-0.62), and 1.29 (95% CI: 1.14-1.45) for cardio-cerebrovascular mortality, respectively, and 0.93 (95% CI: 0.86-1.00), 0.66 (95% CI: 0.55-0.80) and 1.22 (95% CI: 1.12-1.33) for all-cause mortality. The associations of RC and HDL-C with cardio-cerebrovascular mortality were consistent regardless of hyperlipidemia in the elderly. Subgroup analyses showed that elevated RC was associated with increased risk for cardio-cerebrovascular mortality, and elevated HDL-C was associated with decreased risk for cardio-cerebrovascular mortality in the elderly in different gender, age, smoking status, drinking status, and diabetes status groups in communities of Beijing. Conclusion:RC might be a better potential lipid indicator for the risk for cardio-cerebrovascular mortality in the elderly in communities compared with traditional cholesterol indicator.

Objective:To develop an air transfer stretcher for severely injured patients,so as to meet the requirements of severely injured patients for rapid transport of aviation medical treatment.Methods:The guide rails of hatch of mainstream civil airliner models were analyzed through investigation.Based on the principles of modularization,integration and intelligence,a highly universal and portable aviation stretcher with the functions of rapid transport and life support was designed and developed.The design of the stretcher was verified through simulation analysis and calculation,as well as tests in laboratory,which should meet the requirements of the standards from China Civil Aviation Regulations(CCAR)-25.Results:The results of simulation analysis and tests of laboratory showed that the aviation transport stretcher,and the strength and stiffness of its structure reached to requirement of CCAR-25 standard,which was suit to the portable aviation evacuation of severely injured patients on civil airliners,and the rapid transfer between air and ground.It has the function of supporting life,and the aviation transport stretcher with high universality and convenience can enhance the safety and rescue capability of aviation evacuation system of medical treatment of aviation.Conclusion:The portable aviation stretcher with high-versatility that was researched and developed by this study can effectively solve the problems of life support,injury monitoring,and emergently rescue and treatment during the transport for severely injured patients,which improve the support ability of air-ground transportation for severely injured patients.

With the increasing incidence of chronic diseases,the research is conducted to actively explore out of hospital management models for chronic disease patients globally.Among them,virtual ward is a management model based on multidisciplinary team collaboration to provide professional medical and nursing services for unplanned hospitalization high-risk population.This model not only facilitates the transition of patients from inpatient settings to home environments,improving disease prognosis and reducing hospitalization risk,but also alleviates the bed burden on large hospitals.This article provides a review of the concept,development,construction of the operational system,and patient management processes of virtual wards,and offers insights and suggestions to provide references for the optimization and development of out of hospital management models for chronic disease patients in China.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of regulating conception vessel and unblocking governor vessel electroacupuncture in the treatment of cancer-related fatigue(CRF)of middle-to-advanced stage cervical cancer,and to explore its effect on inflammatory factors.Methods A total of 122 patients with a definitive diagnosis of CRF of middle-to-advanced stage cervical cancer admitted to the wards and outpatient clinics of Cangzhou Central Hospital from August 2021 to August 2023 were selected for the study.The patients were randomly divided into the control group and the observation group according to the random number table method,with 61 cases in each group.The patients in both groups were given conventional symptomatic treatments such as gastric protection and anti-vomiting since the day of action of chemotherapy.The control group was treated with Dexamethasone Tablets,and the observation group was treated with regulating conception vessel and unblocking governor vessel electroacupuncture on the basis of the control group,the course of treatment covered 21 days.After three weeks of treatment,the clinical efficacy of the two groups was evaluated.The changes in the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndrome scores,Piper's Fatigue Scale(PFS)scores,Karnofsky Performance Status(KPS)scores,and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General(FACT-G)scores of the patients in the two groups before and after treatment were observed.The changes in interleukin 6(IL-6),hypersensitive C-reactive protein(hs-CRP),tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α),and T-lymphocyte subsets indicators[CD3+,CD4+,CD8+,CD4+/CD8+]were compared between the patients in the two groups before and after treatment.Results(1)The total effective rate was 95.08%(58/61)in the observation group and 77.05%(47/61)in the control group.The efficacy of the observation group was superior to that of the control group,the difference being statistically significant(P<0.05).(2)After treatment,the TCM syndrome scores of patients in the two groups were significantly improved(P<0.05),and the improvement in the observation group was significantly superior to that in the control group,the difference being statistically significant(P<0.05).(3)After treatment,the PFS scores of patients in the two groups were improved significantly(P<0.05),and the improvement in the observation group was significantly superior to that in the control group,the difference being statistically significant(P<0.05).(4)After treatment,the serum IL-6,hs-CRP,and TNF-α levels of patients in the two groups were significantly improved(P<0.05),and the improvement in the observation group was significantly superior to that in the control group,the difference being statistically significant(P<0.05).(5)After treatment,the CD3+,CD4+,CD8+,CD4+/CD8+of patients in the two groups were significantly improved(P<0.05),and the improvement in the observation group was significantly superior to that in the control group,the difference being statistically significant(P<0.05).(6)After treatment,the KPS scores and FACT-G scores of patients in the two groups were significantly improved(P<0.05),and the improvement in the observation group was significantly superior to that in the control group,the difference being statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion Regulating conception vessel and unblocking governor vessel electroacupuncture in the treatment of CRF of middle-to-advanced stage cervical cancer can effectively alleviate the fatigue of patients,inhibit the release of inflammatory factors,regulate the immune function,and improve the physical condition of patients,so as to improve the quality of life of patients.