ObjectiveTo optimize the processing technology of honey bran-fried Rosae Laevigatae Fructus（h-RLF）， formulate relevant quality standards， and explore its improving effect and mechanism on mice with ulcerative colitis（UC） induced by dextran sodium sulfate（DSS）. MethodsTaking the content of polysaccharides and water-soluble extract as the indexes， L₉（3⁴） orthogonal test was used to optimize parameters of the amount of honey bran， frying time and frying temperature. The quality of 15 batches of h-RLF decoction pieces was evaluated according to the optimized process， and the inspection limit standard was preliminarily drawn up. Eighty SPF male Kunming mice were randomly divided into 8 groups， including the blank group， model group， mesalazine group（0.13 g·kg^-1）， RLF group（3.77 g·kg^-1）， bran-fried RLF group（3.77 g·kg^-1）， h-RLF low， medium and high dose groups（1.89， 3.77， 7.54 g·kg^-1）， with 10 mice in each group. The mice in the blank group were free to drink pure water， and the other groups were free to drink 3% DSS solution for 7 days to prepare UC mouse model. Each treatment group was given corresponding drugs by intragastric administration， and the blank and model groups were given equal volume of normal saline. The body weight of mice was recorded daily and the disease activity index（DAI） was calculated. After the administration， the colon tissues of mice were collected to observe the pathological changes by hematoxylin-eosin（HE） staining. The levels of tumor necrosis factor（TNF）-α， interleukin（IL）-1β， IL-6 and IL-10 in the colon of mice were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA）. Western blot was used to detect the expression levels of phosphorylation nuclear transcription factor-κB p65（p-NF-κB p65）， Toll-like receptor 4（TLR4）， p-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase（p-p38 MAPK）， p-extracellular signal-regulated kinase（p-ERK） and p-c-Jun N-terminal kinase（p-JNK） proteins in colon tissues. ResultsThe optimum processing technology of h-RLF was 20 g honey bran per 100 g RLF， and stir-frying at 200 ℃ for 8 min. The limit standard under the examination of h-RLF was preliminarily formulated as follows：the polysaccharide content should not be less than 25% based on anhydrous glucose（C₆H₁₂O₆）， the content of water-soluble extract should not be less than 38%， the moisture content should not be more than 12.0%， the total ash content should not be more than 5.0%， and the acid-insoluble ash content should not be more than 1.0%. The cluster heat map analysis showed that the quality of RLF from Huanggang， Hubei province was better. Animal experiments showed that compared with the blank group， the DAI score of the model group was significantly increased， the levels of TNF-α， IL-1β and IL-6 in the colon tissue were significantly increased， the IL-10 level was significantly decreased， the colonic mucosa was seriously damaged， accompanied by a large number of inflammatory cell infiltration， tissue congestion and a significant reduction in glands， and the expression levels of p-NF-κB p65， TLR4， p-p38 MAPK， p-ERK and p-JNK proteins were significantly increased（P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， each administration group could alleviate the symptoms of colonic ulcer， the structure of colonic crypt was basically intact， and the glands were arranged in an orderly manner. Among them， the high-dose group of h-RLF had a better effect， which could significantly reduce the DAI score and the levels of TNF-α， IL-1β and IL-6 in colon tissue（P<0.01）， and significantly increase the level of IL-10（P<0.01）， alleviate the colonic mucosal injury， and effectively inhibit the expression levels of p-NF-κB p65， TLR4， p-p38 MAPK， p-ERK and p-JNK proteins（P<0.01）. ConclusionThe key parameters of the processing technology of h-RLF are determined， and the optimized technology is stable and feasible. The established quality standard is simple and reliable， and can be used for the quality control. h-RLF can effectively alleviate DSS-induced UC， and its mechanism may be related to inhibiting the activation of NF-κB/TLR4/MAPK pathway.

BACKGROUND:Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)copolymer with good biosafety,biodegradability,and superior mechanical properties has become a focal point of research in stomatology.OBJECTIVE:To review the advance in stomatology of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)copolymer.METHODS:Using a computer-assisted search of relevant literature published in the China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI)and PubMed databases,the search terms included"polylactic acid-hydroxyacetic acid,PLGA,oral defect,tissue engineering"in Chinese,and"PLGA,polylactic acid-hydroxyacetic acid copolymer,poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)copolymer,dent*,regeneration,caries,periodontal,pulp,implant,alveolar bone"in English.Preliminary screening was conducted by reading titles and abstracts,excluding literature unrelated to the theme of the article.Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria,a total of 119 articles were included for review.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:In the field of stomatology,the application scope of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)copolymer is rapidly expanding,gradually replacing the traditional therapeutic drugs and restorative materials.Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)copolymer nanoparticles/microspheres can carry a variety of hydrophobic and hydrophilic active substances,demonstrating excellent delivery capabilities in caries prevention,root canal disinfection,and pulp capping treatment.In periodontal therapy,poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)copolymer is widely used as a barrier membrane and drug carrier for periodontal tissue regeneration.Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)copolymer used for surface modification of implants not only enhances the antibacterial ability of the implant surface but also improves the bio-inert nature of the implant surface.The effect of pure poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)copolymer scaffolds on treating bone defects is limited and requires the integration of 3D printing,various bioactive components,and inorganic materials to enhance scaffold performance.The combination of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)copolymer and stem cells can improve the effectiveness of nerve therapy,meeting clinical needs.Based on the great potential of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)copolymer in the field of stomatology,it is expected that in the future,repair materials with specific functions for different diseases will be produced according to different needs of oral tissue engineering.

OBJECTIVE To clarify the hearing improvement and tympanic membrane healing of tympanoplasty in patients with chronic suppurative otitis media in the stationary phase with soft tissue shadow of mastoid bulla on mastoid CT,and to compare its hearing improvement and tympanic membrane healing with that of canal wall up mastoidectomy+tympanoplasty.METHODS A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical data of inpatient surgical cases diagnosed with chronic suppurative otitis media in the stationary phase with soft tissue shadow of mastoid bulla by preoperative mastoid CT at the Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery,the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University between September 2020 and April 2022.Patients were divided into two groups based on the surgical procedure:Group A,tympanoplasty,including 23 cases of type Ⅰ tympanoplasty(A1)and 26 cases of type Ⅱ tympanoplasty with ossicular chain reconstruction(A2);Group B,canal wall up mastoidectomy+tympanoplasty,including 21 cases of canal wall up mastoidectomy with type Ⅰ tympanoplasty(B1)and 20 cases of canal wall up mastoidectomy with type Ⅱ tympanoplasty and ossicular chain reconstruction(B2).Each patient was followed up for one year postoperatively,and at approximately one year after the operation,otoscopy and pure-tone audiometry(PTA)and air-bone gap(ABG)measurements at four frequencies(500,1 000,2 000,and 4 000 Hz)were performed and compared to preoperative values.RESULTS The average PTA at 1 year postoperatively for group A(A1 and A2)and group B(B1 and B2)were(36.35±16.21)dB HL[(31.96±11.78)dB HL,(40.24±18.68)dB HL]and(35.85±12.19)dB HL[(40.24±18.68)dB HL,(39.69±13.69)dB HL],respectively.Compared with preoperative PTA,the difference was statistically significant with P<0.05.The average ABG at 1 year postoperatively for group A and group B were(16.07±6.69)dB HL[(15.16±5.48)dB HL,(16.88±7.63)dB HL]and(15.21±6.40)dB HL[(13.93±5.29)dB HL,(16.56±7.28)dB HL],respectively.Compared with preoperative ABG,the difference was statistically significant with P<0.05.There was no statistically significant difference in postoperative average PTA and ABG between group A and group B.There was no statistically significant difference in effective rate between group A and group B.The results of ear endoscopy at 1 year postoperatively showed that the tympanic membrane healed well in both group A and group B.CONCLUSION There is no significant difference in hearing improvement and tympanic membrane healing between the two surgical procedures of tympanoplasty and canal wall up mastoidectomy+tympanoplasty for patients with CSOM at rest with shadowing of the mastoid sinus on mastoid CT.In clinical work,patients with CSOM at rest who have soft tissue shadow in the mastoid sinus on mastoid CT can opt for simple tympanoplasty.

Objective To explore the survival prediction value of the prognostic immune-inflammatory-nutritional(PIIN)score for patients undergoing radical gastrectomy and construct a prognostic prediction model.Methods To retrospectively analyze the clinical data of 406 patients who underwent radical gastrectomy.Calculate the PIIN score based on fibrinogen(FIB),neutrophil to lymphocyte ra-tio(NLR),systemic immune-inflammation index(SII),albumin-bilirubin(ALBI)score,and prognostic nutritional index(PNI).According to the threshold of 31.4906,the patients were divided into the high-PIIN group and the low-PIIN group.Conduct univariate and multivariate analyses using COX regression analysis,draw the time-dependent receiver operating characteristic(TIME ROC)curve,and compare the prognostic values of various scoring systems.To construct a nomogram based on the PIIN score for risk grouping and sur-vival analysis.Results Multivariate analysis showed that nerve invasion or not,degree of differentiation,T stage,N stage,adjuvant chemotherapy status,and PIIN score were independent independent factors for the overall survival rate of gastric cancer patients.TIME ROC curve analysis indicated that the PIIN score was superior to other scoring systems in predicting survival.The areas under the curves(AUC)of the 1-year,3-year,and 5-year ROC curvesof the nomogram were 0.788,0.794 and 0.854 respectively.Moreover,there was a statistically significant difference in survival prognosis among different risk groups(P＜0.0001).Conclusion The nomogram model based on the PIIN score has good predictive ability in predicting the survival of patients undergoing radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer.

Purpose To investigate the predictive value of MRI-based peritumoral edema(PE)of lymph node(LN)metastasis burden in patient with invasive breast cancer.Materials and Methods A total of 213 patients in Sichuan Cancer Hospital with invasive breast cancer confirmed by pathology after surgery were enrolled retrospectively from September 2017 to February 2019.Based on the status and number of LN metastases proved by axillary surgery pathology,all patients were divided into high-burden LN metastasis group(n=47 cases,total number of metastatic LN greater than 2)and low-burden LN metastasis group(n=166 cases,total number of metastatic LN less than or equal to 2).T2WI features,including PE type and PE degree,were analyzed.On DCE-MRI,MRI features of breast cancer were analyzed based on BI-RADS.The predictive value of T2WI features and MRI features for LN metastasis burden was assessed by univariate analysis,and the statistically significant features identified by univariate analysis were further subjected to multivariate Logistic regression analysis to establish a prediction model.The model's performance for LN metastasis burden prediction was evaluated via receiver operating characteristic curve,and the predictive metrics were calculated based on the Youden index.Results The rate of high-burden LN metastasis was 22.1%(47/213).The results of univariate analysis showed that PE degree(OR=18.70,P＜0.001),PE type(OR=16.00,P＜0.001),tumor maximum diameter(OR=1.40,P=0.025),and tumor minimum diameter(OR=2.01,P=0.003)were predictive features for high-burden LN metastasis.The multivariate regression analysis showed that the peritumoral edema features,including PE degree(OR=8.02,P＜0.001)and PE type(OR=5.53,P=0.001)were independent predictive features for high-burden LN metastasis.The area under the curve of the final predictive model was 0.842.The diagnostic sensitivity was 0.766,the specificity was 0.861,the positive predictive value was 0.610,and the negative predictive value was 0.929.Conclusion The PE on preoperative MRI have good predictive performance for LN metastasis burden prediction in patient with invasive breast cancer,particularly for low-burden LN metastasis.

BACKGROUND:Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)copolymer with good biosafety,biodegradability,and superior mechanical properties has become a focal point of research in stomatology.OBJECTIVE:To review the advance in stomatology of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)copolymer.METHODS:Using a computer-assisted search of relevant literature published in the China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI)and PubMed databases,the search terms included"polylactic acid-hydroxyacetic acid,PLGA,oral defect,tissue engineering"in Chinese,and"PLGA,polylactic acid-hydroxyacetic acid copolymer,poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)copolymer,dent*,regeneration,caries,periodontal,pulp,implant,alveolar bone"in English.Preliminary screening was conducted by reading titles and abstracts,excluding literature unrelated to the theme of the article.Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria,a total of 119 articles were included for review.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:In the field of stomatology,the application scope of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)copolymer is rapidly expanding,gradually replacing the traditional therapeutic drugs and restorative materials.Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)copolymer nanoparticles/microspheres can carry a variety of hydrophobic and hydrophilic active substances,demonstrating excellent delivery capabilities in caries prevention,root canal disinfection,and pulp capping treatment.In periodontal therapy,poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)copolymer is widely used as a barrier membrane and drug carrier for periodontal tissue regeneration.Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)copolymer used for surface modification of implants not only enhances the antibacterial ability of the implant surface but also improves the bio-inert nature of the implant surface.The effect of pure poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)copolymer scaffolds on treating bone defects is limited and requires the integration of 3D printing,various bioactive components,and inorganic materials to enhance scaffold performance.The combination of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)copolymer and stem cells can improve the effectiveness of nerve therapy,meeting clinical needs.Based on the great potential of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)copolymer in the field of stomatology,it is expected that in the future,repair materials with specific functions for different diseases will be produced according to different needs of oral tissue engineering.

Objective To explore the survival prediction value of the prognostic immune-inflammatory-nutritional(PIIN)score for patients undergoing radical gastrectomy and construct a prognostic prediction model.Methods To retrospectively analyze the clinical data of 406 patients who underwent radical gastrectomy.Calculate the PIIN score based on fibrinogen(FIB),neutrophil to lymphocyte ra-tio(NLR),systemic immune-inflammation index(SII),albumin-bilirubin(ALBI)score,and prognostic nutritional index(PNI).According to the threshold of 31.4906,the patients were divided into the high-PIIN group and the low-PIIN group.Conduct univariate and multivariate analyses using COX regression analysis,draw the time-dependent receiver operating characteristic(TIME ROC)curve,and compare the prognostic values of various scoring systems.To construct a nomogram based on the PIIN score for risk grouping and sur-vival analysis.Results Multivariate analysis showed that nerve invasion or not,degree of differentiation,T stage,N stage,adjuvant chemotherapy status,and PIIN score were independent independent factors for the overall survival rate of gastric cancer patients.TIME ROC curve analysis indicated that the PIIN score was superior to other scoring systems in predicting survival.The areas under the curves(AUC)of the 1-year,3-year,and 5-year ROC curvesof the nomogram were 0.788,0.794 and 0.854 respectively.Moreover,there was a statistically significant difference in survival prognosis among different risk groups(P＜0.0001).Conclusion The nomogram model based on the PIIN score has good predictive ability in predicting the survival of patients undergoing radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer.

Purpose To investigate the predictive value of MRI-based peritumoral edema(PE)of lymph node(LN)metastasis burden in patient with invasive breast cancer.Materials and Methods A total of 213 patients in Sichuan Cancer Hospital with invasive breast cancer confirmed by pathology after surgery were enrolled retrospectively from September 2017 to February 2019.Based on the status and number of LN metastases proved by axillary surgery pathology,all patients were divided into high-burden LN metastasis group(n=47 cases,total number of metastatic LN greater than 2)and low-burden LN metastasis group(n=166 cases,total number of metastatic LN less than or equal to 2).T2WI features,including PE type and PE degree,were analyzed.On DCE-MRI,MRI features of breast cancer were analyzed based on BI-RADS.The predictive value of T2WI features and MRI features for LN metastasis burden was assessed by univariate analysis,and the statistically significant features identified by univariate analysis were further subjected to multivariate Logistic regression analysis to establish a prediction model.The model's performance for LN metastasis burden prediction was evaluated via receiver operating characteristic curve,and the predictive metrics were calculated based on the Youden index.Results The rate of high-burden LN metastasis was 22.1%(47/213).The results of univariate analysis showed that PE degree(OR=18.70,P＜0.001),PE type(OR=16.00,P＜0.001),tumor maximum diameter(OR=1.40,P=0.025),and tumor minimum diameter(OR=2.01,P=0.003)were predictive features for high-burden LN metastasis.The multivariate regression analysis showed that the peritumoral edema features,including PE degree(OR=8.02,P＜0.001)and PE type(OR=5.53,P=0.001)were independent predictive features for high-burden LN metastasis.The area under the curve of the final predictive model was 0.842.The diagnostic sensitivity was 0.766,the specificity was 0.861,the positive predictive value was 0.610,and the negative predictive value was 0.929.Conclusion The PE on preoperative MRI have good predictive performance for LN metastasis burden prediction in patient with invasive breast cancer,particularly for low-burden LN metastasis.

Fermentum Rubrum（FR） is a kind of traditional Chinese medicine with dual-use functions of medicine and food， which has been used for more than 1 000 years. By referring to the ancient herbal classics and modern laws and regulations， the author sorted out the origin of FR， sorted out the development of processing， and analyzed the problems existing in the quality standard， aiming to provide a basis for further research and development of FR. There are many theories about the origin of FR. After summarizing and sorting out the relevant literature， three viewpoints are mainly drawn， including Han dynasty origin theory， Wei and Jin origin theory and Tang dynasty origin theory. After synthesizing the views of various schools， it is believed that the origin of FR should be no later than the Eastern Han dynasty. FR is made from rice by fermentation， which has the effect of strengthening the spleen， eliminating food， promoting blood circulation and removing stasis after fermentation. Although the natural fermentation in ancient times has been able to pay attention to the influence of temperature， humidity and strain on the quality of FR， due to the low level of science and technology， there are still problems such as complicated and cumbersome process， large workload and high labor cost. To the pure fermentation in modern times， the fermentation processing method of FR has been evolved， gradually improved and perfected. However， due to the lack of standardized research， there is no unified standard for the fermentation process of FR in various regions， and the quality standard lags behind seriously， which leads to the unstable product quality on the market. Among the 15 specifications for the preparation of FR， only 6 have been published in the past 5 years， and most of them have not been revised in a timely manner， and some of them have not been included in the updated version. Based on this， it is recommended to carry out a systematic study on processing technology of FR， and the best process is selected to accelerate the revision and improvement of its standardization， so as to improve the quality of FR sold in the market and promote its stable and sustainable development.

Autologous ozonized blood transfusion(AOBT) is a therapy of re-transfusion of 100-200 mL of autologous blood after shaking and agitation with appropriate amount of oxygen-ozone in vitro. The oxidation of blood through the strong oxidation of ozone can enhance the non-specific immune response of the body, regulate the internal environment and promote health. This therapy has been increasingly applied in clinical practice, while no unified standard for the operation process in terms of ozone concentration, treatment frequency and treatment course had been established. This operation process of AOBT is primarily explored in order to standardize the operation process and ensure its safety and efficacy.