Background Microparticles (MPs) are one of the main medium of inflammatory reaction with an important role in atherosclerotic progression. Studies on association of air pollution exposure and levels of peripheral blood MPs are limited among human. Objective To evaluate the effects of short-term exposure to air pollution on levels of peripheral blood MPs. Method A panel of 73 healthy adults was followed with 4 repeated follow-ups in Beijing, China, from November 2014 to January 2016. During each visit, we collected questionnaire information, fasting venous blood, urine, and exposures to fine particulate matter (PM_2.5), black carbon, nitric oxide, nitrogen dioxide, nitrogen oxide, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, and ozone. We used linear mixed-effect models to analyze associations of air pollution exposure with levels of total MPs (TMPs) and MPs derived from various cells. Stratified analysis was conducted by levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Results The results showed significant associations between air pollution exposure and peripheral blood TMPs at 2 h-6 d prior to the follow-ups (P<0.05), while no statistical associations were found for MPs derived from different cell types. Significant increases in TMPs of 7.8% (95%CI: 0.7%, 15.3%) and 14.3% (95%CI: 2.8%, 27.2%) were observed with each interquartile range (IQR) increase in PM_2.5 (IQR=64.9 μg·m⁻³) at prior 18 h and NO (IQR=40.5 μg·m⁻³) at prior 48 h. Among participants with low levels of CRP and MDA, significantly positive associations were observed between air pollution exposure and levels of TMPs (P<0.05). Conclusion Short-term exposure to air pollution is significantly associated with increased levels of circulating MPs in healthy adults, and in people with lower systemic inflammation, peripheral blood MPs levels are more easily affected after exposure to air pollutants.

Portal vein tumor thrombus(PVTT)is a common manifestation of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),associated with poor prognosis and significant treatment challenges.Although various therapeutic options-including surgery,systemic therapies,and local treatments such as interventional procedures and radiotherapy-are available for HCC with PVTT,monotherapies often yield limited efficacy,highlighting the need for combined treatment strategies.With the advancement of radiotherapy technologies,stereotactic body radiation therapy(SBRT)has gained increasing recognition due to its high precision,ablative doses,and fewer treatment fractions.SBRT plays a crucial role in palliative care,conversion therapy,neoadjuvant,and adjuvant settings.Recent studies have demonstrated that SBRT,either alone or in combination with other modalities,significantly improves overall survival and local control rates in patients with HCC and PVTT.This review summarizes the current research progress of SBRT in the management of HCC with PVTT,emphasizing both monotherapy and combined approaches with surgery,interventional therapy,targeted agents,and immunotherapy,aiming to provide insights for clinical decision-making.

OBJECTIVE To observe the expressions of microribonucleic acid(miR)-155,miR-141,interleukin(IL)-22 and IL-17 in peripheral blood of the chronic renal failure(CRF)and hemodialysis(HD)patients compli-cated with hospital-associated infections and analyze the clinical treatment outcomes.METHODS A total of 561 CRF patients who underwent HD in Wuhan First Hospital from Jun.2022 to Jun.2023 were enrolled in the study and were divided into the infection group with 182 cases and the non-infection group with 379 cases according to the status of hospital-associated infections.The patients of the infection group were divided into the survival group with 138 cases and the death group with 44 cases according to the clinical therapeutic outcomes of a 6-month fol-low-up.The distribution of pathogens isolated from the CRF HD patients with hospital-associated infections was analyzed,the clinical data were compared between the infection group and the non-infection group;the levels of serum miR-155,miR-141,IL-22 and IL-17 were observed and compared among the groups.The values of the se-rologic markers in prediction of the clinical therapeutic outcomes of the CRF HD patients with hospital-associat-ed infections were analyzed by receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves.RESULTS The proportions of pa-tients with no less than 1 year of hemodialysis,femoral venous catheter indwelling and long-term catheter indwell-ing were higher in the infection group than those in the non-infection group(P＜0.05).Totally 202 strains of pathogens were isolated from the infection group,125(61.88％)of which were gram-negative bacteria.There were significant differences in the levels of serum miR-155,miR-141,IL-22 and IL-17 between the infection group and the no infection group(P＜0.05),the biomarker with the greatest difference value was miR-141(t=37.145,P＜0.001).As compared with the patients with different therapeutic outcomes in the infection group,there were significant differences in the levels of serum miR-155,miR-141,IL-22 and IL-17 between the survival group and the death group(P＜0.05),and the index with the greatest difference value was IL-17(t=35.848,P＜0.001).The values of the four markers in prediction of the therapeutic outcomes of the CRF HD patients compli-cated with hospital-associated infections were analyzed by ROC curves,and the area under the curve(AUC)of the joint detection 0.922 was the highest(P＜0.05).CONCLUSIONS The gram-negative bacteria are dominant among the pathogens isolated from the CRF HD patients complicated with hospital-associated infections.The levels of se-rum miR-155,miR-141,IL-22 and IL-17 are elevated with the incidence of infections and deterioration of progno-sis.The joint detection of the markers has high predictive value.

To analyze the epidemic characteristics and vaccination status of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in Baoji City from 2008 to 2023. The descriptive epidemiological method was used to collect the incidence data of HFRS cases in Baoji City from 2008 to 2003 in the Infectious Disease Reporting Information Management System. The epidemic characteristics of HFRS cases were summarized and analyzed. The data on HFRS vaccination from 2008 to 2023 were consulted through the Baoji Hemorrhagic Fever Vaccination Report, and the relationship between vaccination status and reported incidence was analyzed. The results showed that a total of 2 690 cases of HFRS were reported in Baoji City, with an annual average reported incidence rate of 6.94/100 000, 15 cases died and a case fatality rate of 0.41%. The number of reported HFRS cases showed a fluctuating trend, with a peak in 2011-2013. Since 2016, it entered a low-level stable fluctuation period, and the annual mortality rate dropped to below 1% after 2011. From 2008 to 2023, Fufeng County, Meixian County and Chencang District reported a large number of cases, but Linyou County and other counties in the north showed an upward trend in incidence, with obvious seasonal characteristics. Cases were mainly concentrated from October to January of the following year, accounting for 75.91% of the total number of cases. Farmers were the main reported occupations, accounting for 80.19% of the total number of cases. The ratio of male to female reported cases was 3.30∶1. The age group of 35-59 years old accounted for 51.08% of the cases, and the proportion of the age group of 60 years and above showed an upward trend ( χ2=331.44, P<0.001). From 2008 to 2023, a total of 1 559 619 people were vaccinated, and the vaccination rate of the target population aged 16-60 years reached 72.23%. With the increase in the vaccination rate, the incidence of HFRS continued to decrease. In summary, with the development of HFRS vaccination work, the epidemic characteristics of HFRS in Baoji City have changed, and the peak incidence has been controlled. The proportion of cases in the age group of 60 years and above continues to increase. HFRS vaccination is still an effective way of prevention and control, and vaccination strategies should be continuously optimized according to the characteristics of HFRS.

Objective:To study the correlation between iodine level in drinking water and conventional water quality indicators.Methods:From June 2017 to July 2018, a simple random sampling method was used to select administrative villages (communities) from 88 counties (cities, districts) in Guizhou Province with a sampling size greater than 5%. One drinking water sample was collected from each administrative village (community), and conventional water quality indicators (including fluorine, aluminum, mercury, selenium, sulfate, total dissolved solids and total hardness) were tested in accordance with the methods outlined in the "Standards for Drinking Water Quality" (GB 5749-2006). The cerium sulfate catalytic spectrophotometric method was employed to test drinking water iodine level. Spearman method was utilized to analyze the correlation between iodine level in drinking water and conventional water quality indicators.Results:A total of 904 drinking water samples were tested, with a median iodine level of 1.90 μg/L and a range of 0.10 - 36.70 μg/L. There were 899 administrative villages (communities) with a water iodine level of less than 10 μg/L, accounting for 99.45%. There were only 5 administrative villages (communities) with a water iodine level of greater than 10 μg/L, accounting for 0.55%. Correlation analysis revealed that in Guizhou Province, the iodine level in drinking water was positively correlated with the levels of fluorine, aluminum, sulfate, total dissolved solids, and total hardness [correlation coefficients ( r) = 0.11, 0.07, 0.07, 0.08, 0.07, P < 0.05], and was a negatively correlated with mercury and selenium levels ( r = - 0.12, - 0.12, P < 0.001). Conclusions:External environment in Guizhou Province is generally deficient in iodine. The iodine level in drinking water is positively correlated with the levels of fluorine, aluminum, sulfate, total dissolved solids, and total hardness, and negatively correlated with the levels of mercury and selenium.

Objective:To investigate the distribution of iodine in drinking water in external environment and the iodine nutrition status of key population in Guizhou Province, and to provide a basis for further precise implementation of prevention and control strategy of "adapting to local conditions, providing classified guidance, and scientifically supplementing iodine".Methods:From April to September 2023, a survey on the iodine level of residents' drinking water was conducted in administrative villages (neighborhood committees, hereafter referred to as administrative village) in 88 counties (districts) of 9 cities (prefectures) in Guizhou Province. At the same time, one township (town) was selected from each of the five districts of east, west, south, north and center of each county (district). From each township (town), 40 non-boarding students aged 8 - 10 years old from one primary school and 20 pregnant women were selected. Household edible salt sample and once random urine sample were collected for detection of salt iodine and urinary iodine levels.Results:The survey covered 16 492 administrative villages in 1 481 townships (towns), 88 counties (districts), 9 cities (prefectures) throughout the province. A total of 51 531 samples of residents' drinking water were collected, with a median water iodine level of 1.50 μg/L and a range of 0.01 - 98.70 μg/L. Among them, there were 16 284, 208, and 0 administrative villages with median water iodine levels < 10, 10 - < 40, and 40 - 100 μg/L, respectively, accounting for 98.74%, 1.26%, and 0, respectively. A total of 26 491 samples of household edible salt were collected from children and pregnant women, with a median salt iodine levels of 27.6 mg/kg. The coverage rate of iodized salt was 99.6% (26 395/26 491), and the qualified iodized salt consumption rate was 97.0% (25 708/26 491). And 17 657 urine samples from children and 8 834 urine samples from pregnant women were collected, with median urinary iodine levels of 222.1 and 164.4 μg/L, respectively. There were statistically significant differences in urinary iodine levels among children of different genders and ages ( Z = - 6.08, H = 19.17, P < 0.001). The results of correlation analysis showed that there was no correlation between urinary iodine of children and pregnant women and water iodine ( r = 0.01 0.02, P > 0.05), while urinary iodine of pregnant women was positively correlated with salt iodine ( r = 0.02, P = 0.041). Conclusions:The external environment of Guizhou Province is generally deficient in iodine. Under the universal salt iodization policy, children have sufficient iodine nutrition, and pregnant women have an appropriate level of iodine nutrition. Comprehensive prevention and control measures, mainly based on universal salt iodization, should be continuously carried out to eliminate the harm of iodine deficiency.

Objective To investigate the relationship between preoperative blood glucose control and perioperative insulin resistance(IR)in patients with diabetes mellitus(DM)complicated by cervical cancer(CC)and its effect on prognosis.Methods A total of 100 patients were categorized into IR(n=61)and non-IR(n=39)groups based on their IR levels.Additionally,patients were classified into poor prognosis(n=34)and good prognosis(n=66)groups according to the occurrence of adverse events during the follow-up period.The clini-cal data of each group were compared to evaluate the association of glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c),fasting plasma glucose(FPG),and two-hour postprandial plasma glucose(2hPG)with perioperative IR,as well as correlation between HbA1c,FPG,and 2hPG levels and the homeostasis model assessment(HOMA)of IR with the risk of poor prognosis.Results HbA1c,FPG,2hPG,and HOMA-IR were identi-fied as risk factors for the prognosis of patients with DM and CC(P＜0.05).Compared with the respective control groups,the IR group and poor prognosis group had higher preoperative levels of HbA1C,FPG,and 2hPG(P＜0.05).Conclusion Poor preoperative blood glucose control is positively correlated with the risk of perioperative IR in patients with DM and CC.Moreover,HOMA-IR,HbA1c,FPG,and 2hPG are independent risk factors for poor prognosis in patients with DM and CC.

Objective:To analyze the epidemiological characteristics, spatial clustering, and correlation between dental fluorosis detection rates and meteorological factors in children aged 8 - 12 years old in 37 counties (cities, districts, hereinafter referred to as counties) affected by coal-burning-borne endemic fluorosis in Guizhou Province, and to provide a scientific basis for prevention and control of the disease.Methods:Monitoring data on dental fluorosis in children aged 8 - 12 years old from 2019 to 2022 were collected from the National Health Security Information System for Endemic Diseases. Meteorological data, including annual average temperature, annual average precipitation, annual sunshine hours, and annual average relative humidity, were obtained from the Guizhou Provincial Bureau of Statistics. Descriptive epidemiology, analytical epidemiology, and spatial correlation analysis methods were used to analyze the data. Visual maps were created based on the clustering levels of annual dental fluorosis detection rates (high-high, low-low, high-low, low-high). Spatial autocorrelation and meteorological factors were used to analyze the epidemiological characteristics, spatial clustering, and the impact of meteorological factors on dental fluorosis.Results:From 2019 to 2022, a total of 3 649 161 children aged 8 - 12 in the counties affected by coal-burning-borne endemic fluorosis were monitored, and 115 793 children were diagnosed with dental fluorosis, with a detection rate of 3.17%. The detection rates were 4.73% (45 093/954 338) in 2019, 3.35% (31 424/938 445) in 2020, 2.86% (21 727/760 195) in 2021, and 1.76% (17 549/996 183) in 2022, respectively. The dental fluorosis indices were 0.09, 0.07, 0.06, and 0.03, respectively. The number of counties with detection rates > 6% was 7, 5, 5, and 0 in 2019 - 2022, respectively. Dafang County consistently had the highest detection rates, with rates of 10.06% (6 783/67 408), 10.07% (1 955/19 421), 13.54% (4 017/29 667), and 4.83% (3 284/76 206) in 2019 - 2022, respectively. The Moran's I indices for dental fluorosis detection rates were 0.45, 0.53, 0.53, and 0.53 in 2019 - 2022, with Z = 4.29, 5.07, 5.31, and 5.10, respectively ( P < 0.05), indicating global spatial autocorrelation (positive) and spatial clustering of dental fluorosis detection rates. The number of counties with "high-high" clustering of detection rates was 7, 7, 6, and 7 in 2019 - 2022, mainly concentrated in the northwestern region, including Qixingguan District, Nayong County, Dafang County, Zhijin County, and Jinsha County of Bijie City. "Low-high" clustering areas were distributed in Zhongshan District of Liupanshui City in 2019, 2020, and 2022. The detection rate of dental fluorosis was associated with local annual average temperature (°C) and annual precipitation (mm) ( r = - 0.393, - 0.337, P = 0.016, 0.041). Conclusions:From 2019 to 2022, the detection rate of dental fluorosis in children aged 8 - 12 in coal-burning-borne endemic fluorosis areas in Guizhou Province has been decreasing year by year, and it shows spatial clustering. The high clustering area is in the northwest of Guizhou Province, which should be regarded as a key prevention and control area for coal-burning-borne fluorosis in the future. At the same time, areas with lower temperatures and precipitation should also strengthen prevention and control efforts.

Objective:To investigate the association between different types of lung nodules and the risk of lung cancer in a population at high risk of lung cancer and to provide an epidemiologic basis for the comprehensive management of lung nodules.Methods:Using the free lung cancer screening program of low-dose CT (LDCT) in Wenling, Zhejiang Province, we collected baseline and imaging information of high-risk groups for lung cancer who underwent LDCT screening from April 2019 to October 2021 and patients with previous history of lung cancer, tuberculosis, pneumoconiosis, and silicosis were excluded. A total of 28 539 study subjects were included in the analysis, and the follow-up ended on 31 December 2023. Based on the characteristics of the detected pulmonary nodules, the study subjects were classified with no nodules, with solid nodules, with pure ground glass nodules, and with part solid nodules groups. The association between different characteristics of lung nodules and the risk of lung cancer development was analyzed using the Cox proportional hazard regression model with a new diagnosis of lung cancer during the follow-up period as the outcome.Results:The overall detection rate of lung nodules with a mean diameter of ≥3 mm was 76.5%, of which 53.7%, 18.2%, and 4.6% were detected in the solid nodule, pure ground glass nodule, and partially solid nodule groups, respectively. There were statistically significant differences between the different nodule groups in terms of age, gender, BMI, history of toxic exposure education level, smoking status, history of lung disease, and family history of lung cancer (all P<0.05). The median follow-up time of the study population was 3.4 years, and 485 new lung cancer cases were diagnosed during the follow-up period. After adjusting for covariates, the results of multifactorial Cox proportional hazard regression model analysis showed that the risk of lung cancer was higher in pure ground glass nodules and part solid nodules compared with solid nodules, with HR values (95% CI) of 1.89 (1.52-2.35) and 6.49 (5.18-8.14), respectively. The results of subgroup analysis showed that patients in the group of part solid nodules had the highest risk of lung cancer in all strata of the population, followed by patients with pure ground glass nodules. Patients in the solid nodule group who were older or had previous lung disease had a higher risk of lung cancer, and the risk of lung cancer in the part solid nodule group differed between genders. Conclusions:The proportion of lung nodules detected is high in the high-risk group of lung cancer, and among them, patients with pure ground glass and part solid nodules have a higher risk of developing lung cancer. Attention should be paid to the annual follow-up management for patients with solid nodules who are older or who have had lung diseases, as well as for female patients with part solid nodules.

Objective:To study the association between subtypes of hypertension and risk for all-cause mortality and cardio-cerebrovascular mortalities in the elderly in communities of Beijing.Methods:The data were collected from the Beijing Healthy Aging Cohort Study. The elderly in 5 urban areas (former Xicheng, former Xuanwu, Fangshan, Haidian and Tongzhou) and 4 rural areas (Yanqing, Miyun, Huairou and Daxing) in Beijing were selected as the study subjects by multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling. The baseline survey was conducted from July 2009 to September 2015. The follow-up was conducted until March 31, 2021, and a total of 6 326 participants were enrolled. Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to analyze the association of SBP, DBP, normal blood pressure, high normal blood pressure, simple systolic hypertension, simple diastolic hypertension and systolic diastolic hypertension with all-cause mortality and cardio-cerebrovascular mortality.Results:By March 31, 2021, the median follow-up time was 6.30 years, the all-cause mortality density was 201.67/10 000 person-years, and the cardio-cerebrovascular mortality density was 90.20/10 000 person-years. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression model analysis showed that the risk for all-cause mortality increased by 5.6% ( HR=1.056, 95% CI: 1.020-1.092), and the risk for cardio-cerebrovasculvar mortality increased by 12.5% ( HR=1.125, 95% CI: 1.071-1.182) for every 10 mmHg increase in SBP. The risk for all-cause mortality increased by 8.6% ( HR=1.086, 95% CI: 1.023-1.152), and the risk for cardio-cerebrovascular mortality increased by 19.9% ( HR=1.199, 95% CI: 1.101-1.306) for every 10 mmHg increase in DBP. Compared with the normal blood pressure group, the risk for all-cause mortality increased by 64.8% ( HR=1.648, 95% CI: 1.049-2.591) and the risk for cardio- cerebrovascular mortality increased by 112.8% ( HR=2.128, 95% CI: 1.069-4.233) in the simple diastolic hypertension group. The risk for all-cause mortality increased by 34.4% ( HR=1.344, 95% CI: 1.023-1.467) and the risk for cardio-cerebrovascular mortality increased by 111.3% ( HR=2.113, 95% CI: 1.384-3.225) in the systolic-diastolic hypertension group. Conclusions:In the elderly in communities of Beijing, beside systolic-diastolic hypertension. It is necessary to pay close attention to the simple diastolic hypertension, which has lower prevalence, and give targeted prevention and treatment.