Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by cognitive and functional deterioration, with pathological features such as amyloid-beta (Aβ) aggregates in the extracellular spaces of parenchymal neurons and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles formed by the hyperphosphorylation of tau protein. Despite a thorough investigation, current treatments targeting the reduction of Aβ production, promotion of its clearance, and inhibition of tau protein phosphorylation and aggregation have not met clinical expectations, posing a substantial obstacle in the development of drugs for AD. Recently, artificial intelligence (AI), computational biology (CB), and systems biology (SB) have emerged as promising methodologies in AD research. Their capacity to analyze extensive and varied datasets facilitates the identification of intricate patterns, thereby enriching our comprehension of AD pathology. This paper provides a comprehensive examination of the utilization of AI, CB, and SB in the diagnosis of AD, including the use of imaging omics for early detection, drug discovery methods such as lecanemab, and complementary therapies like phototherapy. This review offers novel perspectives and potential avenues for further research in the realm of translational AD studies.

Objective:To systematically evaluate the associations of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) with post-stroke depression (PSD).Methods:PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CNKI, and Wanfang databases were searched to collect literature comparing levels of CRP, IL-6, and TNF-α at the peripheral blood between PSD and non-PSD patients, with retrieval time limit from inception to June 2024. Literature was screened according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, and data were extracted. Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to assess the quality of included literature. Meta analysis was conducted using Stata 18.0 software, and publication bias was assessed.Results:A total of 21 pieces of literature with 3,177 participants were collected, including 1,425 patients with PSD and 1,752 patients with non-PSD. Meta analysis results showed that CRP level at the peripheral blood in PSD patients was significantly higher than that in non-PSD patients (standardized mean difference [ SMD]=0.930, 95% CI: 0.580-1.280, P<0.001). Subgroup analysis results showed that, among the 7 pieces of literature with CRP detection<14 days after stroke, CRP level at the peripheral blood in PSD patients was significantly higher than that in non-PSD patients ( SMD=0.640, 95% CI: 0.38-0.89, I2=83.9%, P<0.001); among the 4 pieces of literature with CRP detection≧14 days after stroke, CRP level at the peripheral blood in PSD patients was significantly higher than that in non-PSD patients ( SMD=1.450, 95% CI: 0.820-2.090, P<0.001), enjoying higher heterogeneity ( I2=90.6%). IL-6 level at the peripheral blood in PSD patients was significantly higher than that in non-PSD patients ( SMD=2.659, 95% CI: 1.583-3.735, P<0.001). No significant difference in TNF-α level at the peripheral blood was noted between PSD patients and non-PSD patients ( SMD=0.403, 95% CI: -0.208-1.014, P=0.196). Conclusion:CRP and IL-6 levels at the peripheral blood in PSD patients are obviuosly higher than those in non-PSD patients, suggesting that CRP and IL-6 may be potential biomarkers for early identification and intervention of PSD.

Objective To analyze clinical characteristics affecting survival outcomes in gastric adenocarcinoma(GAC)patients with second primary malignancies(SPM)and construct a predictive model with a web-based calculator.Methods Patients diagnosed with GAC between January 2010 and December 2017 in the SEER database(n=24 085)were analyzed,comparing non-SPM(n=22 963)and SPM cohorts(n=1 122).SPM patients were randomized(3:1)into training(n=842)and internal validation cohorts(n=280).Univariate/multivariate Cox regression identified prognostic factors for model construction.Model performance was evaluated via ROC curves,calibration plots,and decision curve analysis(DCA).A web-based calculator was deployed using DynNom(https://kunma697.shinyapps.io/dynnomapp-1/).External validation used 192 SPM patients diagnosed at Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital(2010-2017).Results χ2 tests revealed SPM patients had higher age(56.3%),earlier T-stage(T1:29.2%;T2:10.5%),predominant gastric cardia involvement(43.7%),fewer distant metastases(12.3%),and higher rates of radiotherapy(32.5%)and surgery(77.2%)vs.non-SPM(P<0.05).Cox analyses identified GAC primary site,T-stage,SEER stage,radiotherapy/surgery history,plus SPM grade/stage/treatment history as significant predictors(P<0.05).AUCs in the training cohort were 0.771(95%CI:0.722～0.820),0.839(95%CI:0.796～0.882),and 0.836(95%CI:0.792～0.879)for 1-/3-/5-year survival;internal validation showed 0.751(95%CI:0.700～0.801),0.746(95%CI:0.695～0.797),and 0.772(95%CI:0.723～0.821);external validation yielded 0.713(95%CI:0.648～0.778),0.805(95%CI:0.749～0.861),and 0.851(95%CI:0.801～0.901).Calibration indicated high prediction-actuality concordance;DCA confirmed clinical utility.Conclusion The model and web calculator incorporating GAC/SPM characteristics effectively predict SPM patient prognosis.

Objective To investigate the predictive value of serum vasoactive intestinal peptide(VIP)and 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT)levels on the outcome of spinal cord electrical stimulation(SCS)in patients with postherpetic neuralgia(PHN).Methods A total of 96 PHN patients who received SCS treatment in Ziy-ang Central Hospital from January 2022 to December 2023 were selected.According to the disease outcomes of all PHN patients after 6 months of treatment,a good group(n=71)and a poor group(n=25)were set up.The clinical data of the two groups were collected and the serum VIP and 5-HT levels were detected in all pa-tients before treatment.The predictive value of serum VIP and 5-HT on disease outcome after SCS treatment in PHN patients was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve,and the influencing factors of disease outcome after SCS treatment in PHN patients was explored by multivariate Logistic steppe gression a-nalysis.Results The levels of serum VIP and 5-HT in poor group were higher than those in good group(P＜0.05).The area under the curve(AUC)of serum VIP and 5-HT for predicting the disease outcome of PHN patients after SCS treatment were 0.829(95％CI:0.779-0.874)and 0.743(95％CI:0.693-0.793),respec-tively,and the AUC of combined prediction was 0.941(0.891-0.986).There were no significant differences in age,gender,body moss index,education,location of onset,hypertension and drinking history between the two groups(P＞0.05).The time of initial hospital admission in the poor group was longer than that in the good group,skin rash area in the poor group was larger than that in the good group,and diabetes mellitus and smoking history in the poor group were higher than those in the good group(P＜0.05).The time of admis-sion for initial treatment＞3 d(OR=2.188,95％CI:1.383-3.461),skin rash area＞10 cm2(OR=2.018,95％CI:1.283-3.173),diabetes mellitus(OR=2.264,95％CI:1.379-3.717),serum VIP level ≥41.78 ng/L(OR=3.022,95％CI:1.685-5.420),serum 5-HT level ≥99.27 ng/mL(OR=3.579,95％CI:1.885-6.793)were the influencing factors of disease outcome after SCS treatment in PHN patients(P＜0.05).Con-clusion The elevated levels of serum VIP and 5-HT before treatment are associated with poor outcomes after SCS in patients with PHN,and could be used as potential markers to predict the outcomes of SCS in patients with PHN.

With the rapid development of competitive sports, the incidence of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is on the rise. Such injuries may shorten athletes′ career and lead to other long-term adverse consequences. Although athletes generally recover well after ACL reconstruction, many still struggle to return to their pre-injury performance levels. Advances in the understanding of ACL anatomy and injury mechanisms, along with the evolution of surgical techniques and rehabilitation methods, have provided more individualized and tailored options for athletes following ACL injuries. However, there is currently no consensus in China regarding surgical and rehabilitation strategies for competitive athletes aiming to return to sports after ACL injuries. To this end, the Sports Medicine Committee of the Chinese Research Hospital Association and the Editorial Board of the Chinese Journal of Trauma jointly formulated the Expert consensus on surgical treatment and rehabilitation for competitive sports athletes returning to sports after anterior cruciate ligament injury ( version 2025), and presented 14 recommendations covering surgical indications, preoperative rehabilitation, surgical timing, surgical strategies and postoperative rehabilitation strategies, aiming to improve the surgical treatment and rehabilitation system for ACL injuries in competitive athletes and facilitate their return to high-level sports performance after injury.

With the rapid development of competitive sports, the incidence of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is on the rise. Such injuries may shorten athletes′ career and lead to other long-term adverse consequences. Although athletes generally recover well after ACL reconstruction, many still struggle to return to their pre-injury performance levels. Advances in the understanding of ACL anatomy and injury mechanisms, along with the evolution of surgical techniques and rehabilitation methods, have provided more individualized and tailored options for athletes following ACL injuries. However, there is currently no consensus in China regarding surgical and rehabilitation strategies for competitive athletes aiming to return to sports after ACL injuries. To this end, the Sports Medicine Committee of the Chinese Research Hospital Association and the Editorial Board of the Chinese Journal of Trauma jointly formulated the Expert consensus on surgical treatment and rehabilitation for competitive sports athletes returning to sports after anterior cruciate ligament injury ( version 2025), and presented 14 recommendations covering surgical indications, preoperative rehabilitation, surgical timing, surgical strategies and postoperative rehabilitation strategies, aiming to improve the surgical treatment and rehabilitation system for ACL injuries in competitive athletes and facilitate their return to high-level sports performance after injury.

Objective:To systematically evaluate the associations of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) with post-stroke depression (PSD).Methods:PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CNKI, and Wanfang databases were searched to collect literature comparing levels of CRP, IL-6, and TNF-α at the peripheral blood between PSD and non-PSD patients, with retrieval time limit from inception to June 2024. Literature was screened according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, and data were extracted. Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to assess the quality of included literature. Meta analysis was conducted using Stata 18.0 software, and publication bias was assessed.Results:A total of 21 pieces of literature with 3,177 participants were collected, including 1,425 patients with PSD and 1,752 patients with non-PSD. Meta analysis results showed that CRP level at the peripheral blood in PSD patients was significantly higher than that in non-PSD patients (standardized mean difference [ SMD]=0.930, 95% CI: 0.580-1.280, P<0.001). Subgroup analysis results showed that, among the 7 pieces of literature with CRP detection<14 days after stroke, CRP level at the peripheral blood in PSD patients was significantly higher than that in non-PSD patients ( SMD=0.640, 95% CI: 0.38-0.89, I2=83.9%, P<0.001); among the 4 pieces of literature with CRP detection≧14 days after stroke, CRP level at the peripheral blood in PSD patients was significantly higher than that in non-PSD patients ( SMD=1.450, 95% CI: 0.820-2.090, P<0.001), enjoying higher heterogeneity ( I2=90.6%). IL-6 level at the peripheral blood in PSD patients was significantly higher than that in non-PSD patients ( SMD=2.659, 95% CI: 1.583-3.735, P<0.001). No significant difference in TNF-α level at the peripheral blood was noted between PSD patients and non-PSD patients ( SMD=0.403, 95% CI: -0.208-1.014, P=0.196). Conclusion:CRP and IL-6 levels at the peripheral blood in PSD patients are obviuosly higher than those in non-PSD patients, suggesting that CRP and IL-6 may be potential biomarkers for early identification and intervention of PSD.

Objective:To observe and preliminarily explore the effects of Deferasirox (DFX) on lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis in human retinal endothelial cells (HREC).Methods:A cell experimental study. Divided the in vitro cultured HREC into normal glucose (NG) group, high glucose (HG) group, NG+DFX group, HG+DFX group, NG+DFX+ferric ammonium citrate (FAC) group, and HG+DFX+FAC group. Light microscope was used to observe the morphology of the cells; cell proliferation was detected by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, and Calcein-AM staining was used to detect the unstable iron pool (LIP) content; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay reader was used to detect the reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), and oxidized glutathione (GSSG); Western blot was used to detect the relative protein expression of Glutathione Peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and Solute Carrier Family 7 Member 11 (SLC7A11). Two-tailed Student t test was used for comparison between the two groups; one-way ANOVA was used for comparison between multiple groups. Results:Compared with the HG group and the HG+DFX+FAC group, the cell proliferation rate and the contents of GSH and the relative protein expression of GPX4, and SLC7A11 in the HG+DFX group were significantly increased, and the differences were statistically significant ( F=150.70, 21.02, 26.09, 52.62; P<0.001). The contents of LIP, ROS, MDA, and GSSG were significantly decreased, and the differences were statistically significant ( F=807.20, 16.94, 31.62, 19.21; P<0.001). Conclusions:High glucose significantly induces an increase in LIP, lipid peroxidation, and ferroptosis in HREC. Deferasirox inhibits lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis in HREC by downregulating LIP levels.

Objective:To observe and preliminarily explore the effects of Deferasirox (DFX) on lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis in human retinal endothelial cells (HREC).Methods:A cell experimental study. Divided the in vitro cultured HREC into normal glucose (NG) group, high glucose (HG) group, NG+DFX group, HG+DFX group, NG+DFX+ferric ammonium citrate (FAC) group, and HG+DFX+FAC group. Light microscope was used to observe the morphology of the cells; cell proliferation was detected by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, and Calcein-AM staining was used to detect the unstable iron pool (LIP) content; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay reader was used to detect the reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), and oxidized glutathione (GSSG); Western blot was used to detect the relative protein expression of Glutathione Peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and Solute Carrier Family 7 Member 11 (SLC7A11). Two-tailed Student t test was used for comparison between the two groups; one-way ANOVA was used for comparison between multiple groups. Results:Compared with the HG group and the HG+DFX+FAC group, the cell proliferation rate and the contents of GSH and the relative protein expression of GPX4, and SLC7A11 in the HG+DFX group were significantly increased, and the differences were statistically significant ( F=150.70, 21.02, 26.09, 52.62; P<0.001). The contents of LIP, ROS, MDA, and GSSG were significantly decreased, and the differences were statistically significant ( F=807.20, 16.94, 31.62, 19.21; P<0.001). Conclusions:High glucose significantly induces an increase in LIP, lipid peroxidation, and ferroptosis in HREC. Deferasirox inhibits lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis in HREC by downregulating LIP levels.

Objective:To investigate the protective effects of an antioxidant tert-butylhydroquinone (tBHQ) on the morphology and function of retina in early-stage experimental diabetic rats, and to explore the mechanism of its protective effect.Methods:Forty-five healthy SD rats of clean degree were randomized into normal control group, diabetes model group and tBHQ intervention group, with 15 rats in each group according to a random number table.The diabetes model was established via a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) in diabetes model group and tBHQ intervention group.Normal control group was intraperitoneally administered with an equal-volume injection of sodium citrate buffer.Rats in the tBHQ intervention group maintained a diet with 1% tBHQ for 2 weeks before the STZ injection, and the other two groups were fed with normal rat food only.Blood from tail vein was collected to assay the blood glucose level at 72 hours, 2 weeks and 4 weeks following modeling.Rat electroretinogram (ERG) was detected at 4 weeks after modeling.Morphological changes of rat retina were observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining.The apoptosis of retinal cells in different layers was detected by TUNEL assay.The expression of protein kinase B (Akt), p-Akt, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and p-eNOS was detected by Western blot.Müller cell line rMC-1 cells cultured in vitro were divided into 5 groups, including normal control group (72-hour culturing in normal medium), mannitol control group (72-hour culturing in medium containing 5.5 mmol/L glucose and 24.5 mmol/L mannitol), high glucose group (72-hour culturing in high-glucose medium), tBHQ intervention group (24-hour culturing in normal-glucose medium containing 5 μmol/L tBHQ, 72-hour culturing in high-glucose medium containing 5 μmol/L tBHQ), and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor group (6-hour culturing in normal medium containing 5 μmol/L LY294002, 24-hour culturing in normal-glucose medium containing 5 μmol/L LY294002 and 5 μmol/L tBHQ, 72-hour culturing in high-glucose medium containing 5 μmol/L LY294002 and 5 μmol/L tBHQ). The expression of Akt, p-Akt, eNOS and p-eNOS in the cells was detected by western blot.The use and care of animals complied with Regulations for the Administration of Laboratory Animals in Southwest Medical University.The study protocol was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Southwest Medical University (No.201711189). Results:The blood glucose level at 72 hours, 2 weeks and 4 weeks after modeling was higher in diabetic model group than tBHQ intervention group and normal control group (all at P<0.01). Four weeks after modeling, the scotopic ERG a-wave and b-wave amplitudes of diabetic model group were lower than those of normal control group and tBHQ intervention group (all at P<0.05). With edema and thickening of inner plexiform layer, thinning of inner nuclear layer and outer nuclear layer, as well as loosely arrangement and disorder of retinal layers, the number of retinal ganglion cells was decreased in diabetic model group in comparison with normal control group, all of which were improved in tBHQ intervention group in comparison with diabetic model group.There were more apoptotic retinal cells in diabetic model group than normal control group and tBHQ intervention group (both at P<0.05), which mainly existed in the outer nuclear layer.The relative expressions of p-Akt/Akt and p-eNOS/eNOS in rat retina of normal control group, diabetic model group and tBHQ intervention group were 0.76±0.11 and 0.83±0.06, 0.52±0.10 and 0.52±0.08, 1.14±0.31 and 1.03±0.13, respectively.The relative expressions of p-Akt/Akt and p-eNOS/eNOS in diabetic model group were lower than those of normal control group and tBHQ intervention group (all at P<0.01). The relative expressions of p-Akt/Akt and p-eNOS/eNOS in normal glucose group, mannitol control group, high glucose group, tBHQ intervention group and PI3K inhibitor group were 0.95±0.38 and 0.86±0.11, 0.94±0.27 and 0.74±0.29, 0.33±0.25 and 0.45±0.29, 1.32±0.37 and 1.28±0.22, 0.24±0.09 and 0.73±0.29, respectively.The relative expressions of p-Akt/Akt and p-eNOS/eNOS were significantly lower in high glucose group than those in normal glucose group and tBHQ intervention group (all at P<0.05), which were significantly lower in PI3K inhibitor group compared with tBHQ intervention group (both at P<0.01). Conclusions:tBHQ has protective effects on the morphology and function of retina in early diabetic rats, and the mechanism may be related to the activation of Akt/eNOS signaling pathway.