Objective:To analyze the distribution, drug resistance, and factors influencing pathogenic microorganisms in patients with hepatitis B virus-associated acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV-ACLF) combined with intra-abdominal infection (IAI).Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on 282 cases with HBV-ACLF admitted to the Hepatobiliary Internal Medicine Department of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University from May 2019 to December 2022. Patients combined with IAI and positive pathogen culture were enrolled in the infection group (141 cases), and patients combined without IAI admitted during the same period were included in the non-infection group (141 cases). Patient's general clinical data, laboratory examination indicators, pathogen types, and drug sensitivity test results were collected. Logistic regression analysis was used for IAI occurrence risk factors in patients with HBV-ACLF.Results:A total of 204 pathogenic bacteria were detected in the infection group, including 115 strains of Gram-negative bacteria (56.37%), 74 strains of Gram-positive bacteria (36.28%), and 15 strains of fungi (7.35%). The most frequently detected bacterial genera were Escherichia coli (21.57%, 44/204), Klebsiella pneumoniae (12.25%, 25/204), Enterococcus faecium (6.37%, 13/204), Staphylococcus aureus (5.39%, 11/204), and Staphylococcus epidermidis (4.90%, 10/204). The results of drug sensitivity tests showed that the resistance rates of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae to levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin were over 50% (66.67%,26/39;61.54%,24/39)and 30% (34.79%,8/23;39.13%,9/23)respectively. The resistance rate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to carbapenems ( meropenem and imipenem) was 60.00%. The resistance rates of Acinetobacter baumannii to meropenem and imipenem were 100% (4/4) and 50.00% (2/4) respectively. The resistance rates of Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis to penicillin were 100% (13/13) and 33.33% (1/3) respectively. The resistance rates of Staphylococcus aureus to penicillin (77.78%,7/9) and oxacillin (33.33%, 3/9) were relatively high. The results of the multivariate unconditional logistic regression analysis showed that puncture and drainage ( OR=17.90, 95% CI: 7.94-43.42, P<0.001), procalcitonin ( OR=3.23, 95% CI: 1.56-8.98, P=0.012), C-reactive protein ( OR=1.05, 95% CI: 1.02-1.00, P=0.003), and age ( OR=1.06, 95% CI: 1.02-1.10, P=0.001) were independent risk factors for IAI in patients with HBV-ACLF. Conclusions:The pathogenic microorganisms were mainly enterobacteriaceae and enterococci with varying degrees of drug resistance in HBV-ACLF patients combined with IAI. Early-stage intervention is an effective measure to prevent the occurrence of increase of inflammatory indicators in patients with intra-abdominal infection with HBV-ACLF.

Objective:To analyze the distribution, drug resistance, and factors influencing pathogenic microorganisms in patients with hepatitis B virus-associated acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV-ACLF) combined with intra-abdominal infection (IAI).Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on 282 cases with HBV-ACLF admitted to the Hepatobiliary Internal Medicine Department of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University from May 2019 to December 2022. Patients combined with IAI and positive pathogen culture were enrolled in the infection group (141 cases), and patients combined without IAI admitted during the same period were included in the non-infection group (141 cases). Patient's general clinical data, laboratory examination indicators, pathogen types, and drug sensitivity test results were collected. Logistic regression analysis was used for IAI occurrence risk factors in patients with HBV-ACLF.Results:A total of 204 pathogenic bacteria were detected in the infection group, including 115 strains of Gram-negative bacteria (56.37%), 74 strains of Gram-positive bacteria (36.28%), and 15 strains of fungi (7.35%). The most frequently detected bacterial genera were Escherichia coli (21.57%, 44/204), Klebsiella pneumoniae (12.25%, 25/204), Enterococcus faecium (6.37%, 13/204), Staphylococcus aureus (5.39%, 11/204), and Staphylococcus epidermidis (4.90%, 10/204). The results of drug sensitivity tests showed that the resistance rates of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae to levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin were over 50% (66.67%,26/39;61.54%,24/39)and 30% (34.79%,8/23;39.13%,9/23)respectively. The resistance rate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to carbapenems ( meropenem and imipenem) was 60.00%. The resistance rates of Acinetobacter baumannii to meropenem and imipenem were 100% (4/4) and 50.00% (2/4) respectively. The resistance rates of Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis to penicillin were 100% (13/13) and 33.33% (1/3) respectively. The resistance rates of Staphylococcus aureus to penicillin (77.78%,7/9) and oxacillin (33.33%, 3/9) were relatively high. The results of the multivariate unconditional logistic regression analysis showed that puncture and drainage ( OR=17.90, 95% CI: 7.94-43.42, P<0.001), procalcitonin ( OR=3.23, 95% CI: 1.56-8.98, P=0.012), C-reactive protein ( OR=1.05, 95% CI: 1.02-1.00, P=0.003), and age ( OR=1.06, 95% CI: 1.02-1.10, P=0.001) were independent risk factors for IAI in patients with HBV-ACLF. Conclusions:The pathogenic microorganisms were mainly enterobacteriaceae and enterococci with varying degrees of drug resistance in HBV-ACLF patients combined with IAI. Early-stage intervention is an effective measure to prevent the occurrence of increase of inflammatory indicators in patients with intra-abdominal infection with HBV-ACLF.