In order to compare the differences in growth and secondary metabolite accumulation of Panax quinquefolius between understory and field planting, growth indexes, photosynthetic characteristics, soil enzyme activities, secondary metabolite contents, and antioxidant activities of P. quinquefolius under different planting modes were examined and compared, and One-way analysis of variance(ANOVA) and correlation analyses were carried out by using the software SPSS 25.0 and GraphPad Prism 9.5. The Origin 2021 software was used for plotting. The results showed that compared with those under field planting, the plant height, leaf length, leaf width, photosynthetic rate, and chlorophyll content of P. quinquefolius under understory planting were significantly reduced, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF) infestation rate and infestation intensity, ginsenoside content, and antioxidant activity were significantly increased. The activities of inter-root soil urease, sucrase, and catalase increased, while the activities of non-inter-root soil urease and alkaline phosphatase increased. Correlation analyses showed that the plant height and leaf length of P. quinquefolius plant were significantly positively correlated with net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, chlorophyll content, and electron transfer rate(P<0.05), while ginsenoside content was significantly negatively correlated with net photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll content, and electron transfer rate(P<0.05) and significantly positively correlated with AMF infestation rate and infestation intensity(P<0.05). In addition, ginsenoside content was significantly positively correlated with the activities of inter-root soil sucrase, urease, and catalase(P<0.05). This study provides basic data for revealing the mechanism of secondary metabolite accumulation in P. quinquefolius under understory planting and for exploring and practicing the ecological mode of P. quinquefolius under understory planting.
Panax/microbiology* ; China ; Secondary Metabolism ; Soil/chemistry* ; Photosynthesis ; Plant Leaves/metabolism* ; Chlorophyll/metabolism* ; Mycorrhizae

Based on copper death, this study investigates the effect and mechanism of Shenmai Injection on isoproterenol(ISO)-induced myocardial fibrosis(MF) in rats. SPF-grade male SD rats were randomly divided into a normal group, model group, captopril(5 mg·kg~(-1)) positive control group, and Shenmai Injection low(6 mL·kg~(-1)), medium(9 mL·kg~(-1)), and high(12 mL·kg~(-1)) dose groups. Except for the normal group, the rats in the other groups were subcutaneously injected with ISO(5 mg·kg~(-1)) once a day for 10 consecutive days to establish an MF model. Starting from the second day after successful modeling, intraperitoneal injections of the respective treatments were administered for 28 consecutive days. Hematoxylin-eosin(HE) and Masson staining were used to observe pathological changes and fibrosis levels in the myocardial tissue. Colorimetry was employed to detect serum Cu~(2+) concentration in rats. The levels of inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6(IL-6), interleukin-1β(IL-1β), interleukin-18(IL-18), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), as well as mitochondrial energy metabolites adenosine triphosphate(ATP), adenosine diphosphate(ADP), and adenosine monophosphate(AMP) in serum were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). Western blot was performed to detect the expression of collagen Ⅰ(Col-Ⅰ), collagen Ⅲ(Col-Ⅲ), and copper death-related proteins dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase(DLAT), ferredoxin 1(FDX1), lipoic acid synthetase(LIAS), and heat shock protein 70(HSP70) in myocardial tissue. Immunofluorescence was used to detect the expression of DLAT, FDX1, and HSP70, while immunohistochemistry was conducted to examine the expressions of DLAT, FDX1, LIAS, and HSP70. The results showed that, compared to the model group, the myocardial structure disorder and collagen fiber deposition in the drug treatment groups were significantly improved, the cardiac index level was reduced, serum Cu~(2+), IL-6, IL-1β, IL-18, TNF-α, ADP, and AMP levels were significantly decreased, ATP levels were significantly increased, and the expressions of Col-Ⅰ, Col-Ⅲ, and HSP70 proteins in myocardial tissue were significantly reduced, while the expressions of DLAT, FDX1, and LIAS proteins were significantly elevated. In conclusion, Shenmai Injection effectively alleviates myocardial structure disorder and interstitial collagen fiber deposition in ISO-induced MF rats, promotes copper excretion, and reduces copper death in the ISO-induced rat MF model.
Animals ; Male ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/administration & dosage* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Rats ; Myocardium/metabolism* ; Drug Combinations ; Fibrosis/metabolism* ; Copper/blood* ; Cardiomyopathies/genetics* ; Humans

This study elucidates the mechanism of Rhodiolae Crenulatae Radix et Rhizoma(RCRR) in protecting brain microvascular endothelial cells from oxygen-glucose deprivation(OGD) injury and reveals the modern pharmacological mechanism of RCRR's traditional use in nourishing Qi and promoting blood circulation to protect endothelial cells. The scratch assay was employed to assess the migratory capacity of endothelial cells. Immunofluorescence and Western blot techniques were employed to assess the protein expression of tight junction proteins zonula occludens-1(ZO-1), occludin, claudin-5, and proteins of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(AKT)/glycogen synthase kinase-3beta(GSK3β) pathway. The results demonstrated that 63 bioactive components and 125 potential core targets of RCRR were identified from the ETCM, TCMBank, and SwissTargetPrediction databases, as well as from the literature. A total of 1 708 brain microvascular endothelial cell-related targets were identified from the GeneCards and OMIM databases, and 52 targets were obtained by intersecting drug components with cell targets. The protein-protein interaction(PPI) network analysis revealed that AKT1, epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR), matrix metalloproteinase 9(MMP9), estrogen receptor 1(ESR1), proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase(SRC), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma(PPARG), GSK3β, and matrix metalloproteinase 2(MMP2) were considered hub genes. The KEGG enrichment analysis identified the PI3K/AKT pathway as the primary signaling pathway. Cell experiments demonstrated that RCRR-containing serum could enhance the migratory capacity of brain microvascular endothelial cells and the expression of tight junction proteins following OGD injury, which may be associated with the downregulation of the PI3K/AKT/GSK3β pathway. This study elucidates the pharmacological mechanism of RCRR in protecting brain microvascular endothelial cells through network pharmacology, characterized by multiple components and targets. These findings were validated through in vitro experiments and provide important ideas and references for further research into the molecular mechanisms of RCRR in protecting brain microvascular endothelial cells.
Endothelial Cells/cytology* ; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta/genetics* ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/genetics* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology* ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/genetics* ; Signal Transduction/drug effects* ; Brain/metabolism* ; Humans ; Animals ; Rhizome/chemistry* ; Microvessels/metabolism* ; Brain Ischemia/drug therapy*

From the perspective of competitive endogenous RNA(ceRNA) constructed by metastasy-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1(Malat1) and microRNA 16-5p(miR-16-5p), the improvement mechanism of Tonggu Xiaotong Capsules(TGXTC) on the imbalance and disorder of "cholesterol-iron" metabolism in chondrocytes of osteoarthritis(OA) was explored. In vivo experiments, 60 8-week-old C57BL/6 mice were acclimatized and fed for 1 week and then randomly divided into two groups: blank group(12 mice) and modeling group(48 mice). The animals in modeling group were anesthetized by 5% isoflurane inhalation, which was followed by the construction of OA model. They were then randomly divided into model group, TGXTC group, Malat1 overexpression group, and TGXTC+Malat1 overexpression(TGXTC+Malat1-OE) group, with 12 mice in each group. The structural changes of mouse cartilage tissues were observed by Masson staining after the intervention in each group. RT-PCR was employed to detect the mRNA levels of Malat1 and miR-16-5p in cartilage tissues. Western blot was used to analyze the protein expression of ATP-binding cassette transporter A1(ABCA1), sterol regulatory element-binding protein(SREBP), cytochrome P450 family 7 subfamily B member 1(CYP7B1), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein(CHOP), acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4(ACSL4), and glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4) in cartilage tissues. In vitro experiments, mouse chondrocytes were induced by thapsigargin(TG), and the combination of Malat1 and miR-16-5p was detected by double luciferase assay. The fluorescence intensity of Malat1 in chondrocytes was determined by fluorescence in situ hybridization. The miR-16-5p inhibitory chondrocyte model was constructed. RT-PCR was used to analyze the levels of Malat1 and miR-16-5p in chondrocytes under the inhibition of miR-16-5p. Western blot was adopted to analyze the regulation of TG-induced chondrocyte proteins ABCA1, SREBP, CYP7B1, CHOP, ACSL4, and GPX4 by TGXTC under the inhibition of miR-16-5p. The results of in vivo experiments showed that,(1) compared with model group, TGXTC group exhibited a relatively complete cartilage layer structure. Compared with Malat1-OE group, TGXTC+Malat1-OE group showed alleviated cartilage surface damage.(2) Compared with model group, TGXTC group had a significantly decreased Malat1 mRNA level and an increased miR-16-5p mRNA level in mouse cartilage tissues(P<0.01).(3) Compared with the model group, the protein levels of ABCA1 and GPX4 in the cartilage tissue of mice in the TGXTC group increased, while the protein levels of SREBP, CYP7B1, CHOP and ACSL4 decreased(P<0.01). The results of in vitro experiments show that,(1) dual-luciferase was used to evaluate that miR-16-5p has a targeting effect on the Malat1 gene.(2)Compared with TG+miR-16-5p inhibition group, TG+miR-16-5p inhibition+TGXTC group had an increased mRNA level of miR-16-5p and an decreased mRNA level of Malat1(P<0.01).(3) Compared with TG+miR-16-5p inhibition group, TG+miR-16-5p inhibition+TGXTC group exhibited increased expression of ABCA1 and GPX4 proteins and decreased expression of SREBP, CYP7B1, CHOP, and ACSL4 proteins(P<0.01). The reasults showed that TGXTC can regulate the ceRNA of Malat1 and miR-16-5p to alleviate the "cholesterol-iron" metabolism disorder of osteoarthritis chondrocytes.
Animals ; MicroRNAs/metabolism* ; RNA, Long Noncoding/metabolism* ; Chondrocytes/drug effects* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology* ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice ; Osteoarthritis/drug therapy* ; Iron/metabolism* ; Male ; Cholesterol/metabolism* ; Humans ; Capsules ; RNA, Competitive Endogenous

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Patients with glioma experience a high symptom burden and have diverse palliative care needs. However, the assessment scales used in palliative care remain non-standardized and highly heterogeneous. To evaluate the application patterns of the current scales used in palliative care for glioma, we aim to identify gaps and assess the need for disease-specific scales in glioma palliative care. METHODS: We conducted a systematic search of five databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, EMBASE, and CINAHL for quantitative studies that reported scale-based assessments in glioma palliative care. We extracted data on scale characteristics, domains, frequency, and psychometric properties. Quality assessments were performed using the Cochrane ROB 2.0 and ROBINS-I tools. RESULTS: Of the 3,405 records initially identified, 72 studies were included. These studies contained 75 distinct scales that were used 193 times. Mood (21.7%), quality of life (24.4%), and supportive care needs (5.2%) assessments were the most frequently assessed items, exceeding half of all scale applications. Among the various assessment dimensions, the Distress Thermometer (DT) was the most frequently used tool for assessing mood, while the Short Form-36 Health Survey Questionnaire (SF-36) was the most frequently used tool for assessing quality of life. The Mini Mental Status Examination (MMSE) was the most common tool for cognitive assessment. Performance status (5.2%) and social support (6.8%) were underrepresented. Only three brain tumor-specific scales were identified. Caregiver-focused scales were limited and predominantly burden-oriented. CONCLUSIONS: There are significant heterogeneity, domain imbalances, and validation gaps in the current use of assessment scales for patients with glioma receiving palliative care. The scale selected for use should be comprehensive and user-friendly.
Humans ; Glioma/psychology* ; Palliative Care/methods* ; Quality of Life ; Psychometrics ; Brain Neoplasms/psychology*

OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical efficacy of conventional transforaminal endoscopic technique and I See transforaminal endoscopic technique in the treatment of recurrent L₅S₁ lumbar disc herniation with high iliac crest. METHODS: A total of 36 patients with recurrent L5S1 lumbar disc herniation with high iliac crest after posterior small-incision discectomy, admitted from May 2016 to May 2023, were selected. They were divided into the conventional transforaminal endoscopy group and the I See transforaminal endoscopy group according to the different transforaminal endoscopic techniques adopted, and all patients in both groups underwent lateral transforaminal spinal canal decompression and discectomy. There were 18 patients in the conventional transforaminal endoscopy group, including 11 males and 7 females, with an age of (52.24±6.68) years;the I See transforaminal endoscopy group also had 18 patients, including 12 males and 6 females, with an age of (50.75±7.79) years. The perioperative indicators (operation time, number of intraoperative radiographs, and length of hospital stay) were compared between two groups. The clinical efficacy was evaluated using the visual analogue scale(VAS) for pain, the Japanese Orthopaedic Association(JOA) low back pain score, and the modified MacNab criteria before and after surgery. RESULTS: All patients achieved gradeⅠincision healing, with no infection cases. The operation time of the I See group was (64.25±16.67) minutes, which was significantly shorter than that of the conventional transforaminal endoscopy group (89.11±17.24) minutes, and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). The number of intraoperative radiographs in the I See group was (5.20±2.29) times, which was significantly less than that in the conventional transforaminal endoscopy group(19.16±3.68) times, and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). The VAS and total JOA scores of both groups at the 3rd day, the 3rd month after surgery, and the last follow-up were significantly lower than those before surgery, with statistically significant differences(P<0.05);however, there were no statistically significant differences in VAS and total JOA scores between two groups at the 3rd day, the 3rd month after surgery, and the last follow-up (P>0.05). According to the modified MacNab criteria for efficacy evaluation:in the conventional transforaminal endoscopy group, 14 cases were excellent and 4 cases were good;in the I See transforaminal endoscopy group, 15 cases were excellent and 3 cases were good;there was no statistically significant difference in efficacy between two groups(Z=0.177, P=0.674). CONCLUSION Both transforaminal endoscopic techniques have good clinical effects in the treatment of recurrent L₅S₁ lumbar disc herniation with high iliac crest, resulting in significant improvement of postoperative symptoms, and they are safe, reliable, and minimally invasive surgical methods. Compared with the conventional transforaminal endoscopy, the I See transforaminal endoscopic technique has shorter operation time and fewer intraoperative radiographs, so it is generally the first choice.
Humans ; Male ; Female ; Intervertebral Disc Displacement/surgery* ; Endoscopy/methods* ; Middle Aged ; Lumbar Vertebrae/surgery* ; Ilium/surgery* ; Adult ; Diskectomy/methods*

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the application value of genetic newborn screening (gNBS) in the Yunnan region. METHODS: A prospective study was conducted with a random selection of 3 001 newborns born in the Yunnan region from February to December 2021. Traditional newborn screening (tNBS) was used to test biochemical indicators, and targeted next-generation sequencing was employed to screen 159 genes related to 156 diseases. Positive-screened newborns underwent validation and confirmation tests, and confirmed cases received standardized treatment and long-term follow-up. RESULTS: Among the 3 001 newborns, 166 (5.53%) were initially positive for genetic screening, and 1 435 (47.82%) were genetic carriers. The top ten genes with the highest variation frequency were GJB2 (21.29%), DUOX2 (7.27%), HBA (6.14%), GALC (3.63%), SLC12A3 (3.33%), HBB (3.03%), G6PD (2.94%), SLC25A13 (2.90%), PAH (2.73%), and UNC13D (2.68%). Among the initially positive newborns from tNBS and gNBS, 33 (1.10%) and 47 (1.57%) cases were confirmed, respectively. A total of 48 (1.60%) cases were confirmed using gNBS+tNBS. The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis demonstrated that the areas under the curve for tNBS, gNBS, and gNBS+tNBS in diagnosing diseases were 0.866, 0.982, and 0.968, respectively (P<0.05). DeLong's test showed that the area under the curve for gNBS and gNBS+tNBS was higher than that for tNBS (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS gNBS can expand the range of disease detection, and its combined use with tNBS can significantly shorten diagnosis time, enabling early intervention and treatment.
Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Neonatal Screening ; Genetic Testing ; Female ; Male ; Follow-Up Studies ; Prospective Studies ; China

OBJECTIVES: To explore the relationship between white matter injury (WMI) and cerebral perfusion in preterm infants using arterial spin labeling (ASL). METHODS: A total of 293 preterm infants (gestational age <34 weeks) hospitalized at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University between June 2022 and June 2024 were included. After achieving clinical stability, the infants underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ASL. Based on MRI findings, infants were classified into WMI (n=66) and non-WMI (n=227) groups. Cerebral perfusion parameters were compared between groups, and the association between WMI and perfusion alterations was evaluated. RESULTS: The WMI group showed a higher incidence of mild intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) than the non-WMI group (P<0.05). Significantly lower cerebral perfusion was observed in the WMI group across bilateral frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes, as well as the basal ganglia and thalamus (P<0.05). After adjusting for gestational age, corrected gestational age at ASL scan, and mild IVH, WMI remained significantly associated with reduced regional perfusion (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS WMI in preterm infants correlates with localized cerebral hypoperfusion. ASL-detected perfusion abnormalities may provide novel insights into WMI pathogenesis.
Humans ; White Matter/blood supply* ; Infant, Newborn ; Spin Labels ; Infant, Premature ; Female ; Male ; Cerebrovascular Circulation ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the readmission rate and risk factors for readmission due to hyperbilirubinemia in neonates with ABO hemolytic disease of the newborn (ABO-HDN), and to construct a risk prediction model for readmission. METHODS: Neonates diagnosed with hyperbilirubinemia due to ABO-HDN and hospitalized in the neonatal department between January 2021 and December 2023 were enrolled. Based on readmission status, neonates were divided into a readmission group and a control group. Clinical characteristics related to hyperbilirubinemia and risk factors for readmission were analyzed. Subsequently, a prediction model for readmission was constructed, and its predictive performance was evaluated. RESULTS: A total of 483 neonates with hyperbilirubinemia due to ABO-HDN were included. The readmission rate was 13.0% (63 cases). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that earlier age at phototherapy initiation, longer duration of phototherapy, occurrence of rebound hyperbilirubinemia, and higher levels of serum total bilirubin and indirect bilirubin at discharge were independent risk factors for hyperbilirubinemia readmission in ABO-HDN neonates (OR=2.373, 4.840, 6.475, 5.033, 1.336 respectively; P<0.05). A risk prediction model for ABO-HDN hyperbilirubinemia readmission was constructed based on these 5 risk factors. Model evaluation demonstrated good predictive performance. CONCLUSIONS Age at phototherapy initiation, duration of phototherapy, occurrence of rebound hyperbilirubinemia, and serum total bilirubin and indirect bilirubin levels at discharge are significant influencing factors for readmission due to hyperbilirubinemia in neonates with ABO-HDN. Close monitoring during discharge planning and follow-up management for such neonates is crucial to reduce readmission rates.
Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; ABO Blood-Group System ; Risk Factors ; Patient Readmission ; Male ; Female ; Logistic Models ; Hyperbilirubinemia, Neonatal/therapy* ; Erythroblastosis, Fetal ; Bilirubin/blood*

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the susceptibility of venetoclax-resistant acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell lines to ferroptosis and to uncover the underlying molecular mechanisms using transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis methods. METHODS: Venetoclax-resistant AML cell lines were constructed using a low-dose concentration escalation method. The sensitivity of cells to chemotherapeutic drugs was detected by CCK-8 assay. The susceptibility of drug-resistant cell lines to ferroptosis was assessed using transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis methods. The expression of cellular GPX4 and SLC7A11 protein was detected by Western blot, and cell death and lipid peroxidation levels were measured by flow cytometry. Depmap database and TCGA cohort were applied to explore the effect of ferroptosis-related genes expression on prognosis. RESULTS: Venetoclax-resistant cell lines exhibited sensitivity to ferroptosis inducers RSL3, APR246, and sorafenib. The ferroptosis inhibitor Fer-1 partially inhibited cell death induced by these inducers. Compared with the parental cells, significant changes in metabolites and gene expression levels related to ferroptosis were observed in the resistant cell lines. In particular, deregulated expression of SLC7A11 and GPX4 may play critical role in ferroptosis susceptibility. Besides, GPX4 was identified as more important for AML cell survival and higher GPX4 expression may predict shortened overall survival, NPM1 mutant and IDH1 R132 mutation positive patients may prone to possess higher GPX4 expression. CONCLUSION Venetoclax-resistant AML cell lines remain susceptible to ferroptosis, higher GPX4 expression maybe a critical marker for poor prognosis. Regulating the expression of ferroptosis-related genes and metabolites may enhance the efficacy of venetoclax and provide new treatment options for AML patients.
Humans ; Ferroptosis ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism* ; Sulfonamides/pharmacology* ; Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic/pharmacology* ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; Metabolomics ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Phospholipid Hydroperoxide Glutathione Peroxidase ; Amino Acid Transport System y+/metabolism* ; Transcriptome