The plants of the genus Caragana Fabr. are desert plants of the Leguminosae family, which are widely used in traditional ethnomedicine, with the effects of nourishing Yin and nourishing blood, dispelling wind and removing dampness, clearing heat and detoxifying toxins. The anti-inflammatory effect of Caragana Fabr. has attracted much attention, the research on the related mechanism has made some progress, but it lacks systematic collation. By summarising the anti-inflammatory effects of the active ingredients of Caragana Fabr., the authors found that they have good anti-inflammatory activities on different inflammatory cell models in vitro, and have good improvement effects on rheumatoid arthritis, colitis, complex nephritis, and acute lung injury and other disease models. The anti-inflammatory effects of the active components of this genus mainly include the reduction of the levels of a variety of pro-inflammatory factors, and the signalling pathways involved mainly include TLR4/NF-κB, TLR4/MAPK, TLR4/NF-κB/IRF3, JAK/STAT-1, ERK/STAT-1 and so on. Therefore, the paper mainly reviews the research progress on the anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms of the Caragana Fabr. plants and their active components according to disease types, with a view to providing reference for the in-depth study of their anti-inflammatory activities and the development of new products with related functions.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the therapeutic effect of Qingchang Huazhuo Formula(QCHZF)on mice with ulcerative colitis(UC)and the influences of fecal metabolites based on non-targeted metabolomics to investigate the mechanism of action of QCHZF in the treatment of UC.METHODS UC mice were induced by dextran sulfate sodium salt(DSS)and were administered with QCHZF.During the experiment,the body weight,stool characteristics and blood in stool were recorded daily,and the disease activity index(DAI)was calculated.At the end of the experiment,the length of colon was measured,colonic tissue damage in mice were ob-served by hematoxylin-eosin and alcian blue staining,mRNA expression levels of inflammatory factors,IL-6,IL-18 and IL-1β,and intestinal barrier factors,ZO-1 and Muc2,were detected in colon tissues via qPCR method,and protein expression level of intestinal barrier,Muc2,was detected with immunofluorescence.Fecal metabolite changes in mice were detected employing un-targeted metabo-lomics and analyzed by MetaboAnalyst 5.0 for metabolic pathway enrichment.RESULTS QCHZF significantly alleviated colitis symptoms,increased body weight,decreased DAI score,reversed colonic shortening,inhibited inflammatory factors expression,im-proved colonic tissue structure disorders,increased the number of goblet cells,and restored the intestinal barrier in UC mice,regulated 58 metabolites,mainly involving pathways of methionine and cysteine metabolism,purine metabolism,steroid hormone biosynthesis,vitamin B6 metabolism,tryptophan metabolism and primary bile acid pathways.CONCLUSION QCHZF can improve colitis symp-toms,repaire the intestinal barrier and modulate fecal metabolites and related metabolic pathways in UC mice.

Objective:To understand the prevalence of frailty and the importance of its influencing factors in adult population in Shaanxi Province.Methods:The data were from Shaanxi baseline survey of natural population cohort study in northwest China during 2018-2019. The frailty index (FI) was constructed to evaluate the frailty status of the population, and XGboost model combined with Shapley method was used to analyze the importance of the sociodemographic and life behavior factors affecting the prevalence of frailty by gender and age.Results:A total of 25 079 subjects were included, in whom 964 (3.8%) had frailty, and there was no significant difference in the overall prevalence of frailty between women (3.9%) and men (3.8%) ( P=0.629), but there was a gender specific difference in the distribution of FI ( P<0.001), and the proportion of the pre-frailty in men was higher than that in women. The prevalence of frailty increased with age ( P<0.001), the prevalence of frailty were 1.3%, 2.5% and 7.8% in young, middle-aged and elderly women, respectively, and 1.9%, 2.7% and 5.5% in young, middle-aged and elderly men, respectively. Sociodemographic characteristics and lifestyle patterns were both influencing factors for the prevalence of frailty, but their importance varied with gender and age. The top five contributing factors were education level, staying up late, annual family income level, sedentary time and marital status in young women, and staying up late, smoking, annual family income level, sedentary time and drinking in young men. The top five contributing factors were education level, annual family income level, passive exposure to smoking, staying up late, and sedentary time in middle-aged women, and annual family income level, education level, sedentary time, staying up late and drinking in middle-aged men. The top five contributing factors were annual family income level, passive exposure to smoking, sedentary time, marital status, and smartphone use in elderly women, and education level, annual family income level, smoking, smartphone use and sedentary time in elderly men. Conclusions:There are gender specific differences in the distribution of FI in Shaanxi. The prevalence of frailty increased with age, but young and middle-aged people also have frailty risk. The prevalence of frailty in young men was mainly related to unhealthy life behaviors, such as staying up late, smoking, sedentary behavior and drinking, while the prevalence of frailty in middle-aged and elderly men and women were more affected by sociodemographic factors, such as education level, economic status and marital status.

Objective:To investigate alterations in the immune lineage of T-cell large granular lymphocytic leukemia (T-LGLL) at the single-cell transcriptome level and to elucidate its pathogenic mechanisms.Methods:Peripheral blood samples were collected from 5 T-LGLL patients before and after treatment (from June 2019 to December 2020) and 3 healthy controls at the Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, CAMS & PUMC. Single-cell transcriptome sequencing libraries were prepared and sequenced using 10× Genomics technology. Differentially expressed genes in immune cells were compared between patients and healthy donors, followed by pathway enrichment analyses.Results:Profiling 67,237 immune cells revealed that, in T-LGLL: 1) Effector CD8+ T cells exhibited increased numbers, enhanced cytotoxicity, and greater proliferative capacity. Following effective immunosuppressive therapy, both the proliferative capacity and effector functions of these cells significantly decreased ( P<0.05). 2) The proportion of regulatory T (Treg) cells was reduced, accompanied by increased apoptosis. After effective immunosuppressive therapy leading to remission, Treg cell proportions increased, and apoptotic pathways were downregulated ( P<0.05). 3) Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) showed enhanced functionality. Monocytes and dendritic cells were enriched in antigen synthesis and presentation pathways, while B cells displayed increased antigen-binding capacity and were enriched in pathways related to T-cell activation ( P<0.05). 4) Natural killer (NK) cells exhibited attenuated cytotoxic function but demonstrated an enhanced regulatory capacity over T cells ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:T-LGLL patients present a characteristic immunological profile marked by an imbalance in immune homeostasis. This profile includes abnormal activation and expansion of effector CD8 + T cells, and a reduction in Treg cell numbers accompanied by functional impairment. Furthermore, APCs and NK cells were found to positively regulate T-lymphocyte activation, differentiation, and proliferation.

Objective:To characterize fine motor function in middle-aged and elderly individuals utilizing a novel wearable inertial motion capture device.Additionally, it seeks to investigate the relationship between fine motor deficits and overall cognitive function, as well as various cognitive dimensions.Methods:Participants aged 50 years and older were recruited between November 2022 and April 2023.The Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale(MoCA)was employed to evaluate the cognitive function of the subjects, and a radar chart was utilized to illustrate the extent of impairment across different cognitive dimensions.An independent computerized fine motor evaluation system was developed using the motion capture technology of a novel wearable microelectromechanical system(MEMS)inertial sensor, enabling a quantitative assessment of fine motor skills.The differences in fine motor function characteristics between the two groups were compared.Spearman's correlation analysis and multivariate logistic regression were conducted to examine the relationship between fine motor deficits and cognitive dysfunction.Results:A total of 289 participants were recruited, among whom 140(48.4%)were classified into the cognitive impairment group.The mean MoCA scores for the cognitive impairment group and the non-cognitive impairment group were 22.2 ± 2.79 and 27.7 ± 1.19, respectively( P<0.001).The electronic assessment of fine motor function revealed that the motion parameters of hand function in the cognitive impairment group were significantly poorer across all three numerical evaluation tasks.Spearman's correlation analysis demonstrated a robust correlation between deficits in fine motor function and cognitive dysfunction.Furthermore, in the multiple logistic regression model, after adjusting for potential confounding factors including age, gender, and education level, a significant association between cognitive dysfunction and fine motor dysfunction persisted. Conclusions:A novel wearable motion capture technology was employed to facilitate the digital assessment of fine motor function.The findings revealed a significant correlation between deficits in fine motor function and cognitive dysfunction among middle-aged and elderly populations.

Objective:To understand the prevalence of frailty and the importance of its influencing factors in adult population in Shaanxi Province.Methods:The data were from Shaanxi baseline survey of natural population cohort study in northwest China during 2018-2019. The frailty index (FI) was constructed to evaluate the frailty status of the population, and XGboost model combined with Shapley method was used to analyze the importance of the sociodemographic and life behavior factors affecting the prevalence of frailty by gender and age.Results:A total of 25 079 subjects were included, in whom 964 (3.8%) had frailty, and there was no significant difference in the overall prevalence of frailty between women (3.9%) and men (3.8%) ( P=0.629), but there was a gender specific difference in the distribution of FI ( P<0.001), and the proportion of the pre-frailty in men was higher than that in women. The prevalence of frailty increased with age ( P<0.001), the prevalence of frailty were 1.3%, 2.5% and 7.8% in young, middle-aged and elderly women, respectively, and 1.9%, 2.7% and 5.5% in young, middle-aged and elderly men, respectively. Sociodemographic characteristics and lifestyle patterns were both influencing factors for the prevalence of frailty, but their importance varied with gender and age. The top five contributing factors were education level, staying up late, annual family income level, sedentary time and marital status in young women, and staying up late, smoking, annual family income level, sedentary time and drinking in young men. The top five contributing factors were education level, annual family income level, passive exposure to smoking, staying up late, and sedentary time in middle-aged women, and annual family income level, education level, sedentary time, staying up late and drinking in middle-aged men. The top five contributing factors were annual family income level, passive exposure to smoking, sedentary time, marital status, and smartphone use in elderly women, and education level, annual family income level, smoking, smartphone use and sedentary time in elderly men. Conclusions:There are gender specific differences in the distribution of FI in Shaanxi. The prevalence of frailty increased with age, but young and middle-aged people also have frailty risk. The prevalence of frailty in young men was mainly related to unhealthy life behaviors, such as staying up late, smoking, sedentary behavior and drinking, while the prevalence of frailty in middle-aged and elderly men and women were more affected by sociodemographic factors, such as education level, economic status and marital status.

The data from outpatient prescriptions of small-size aspirin enteric-coated tablets(25 mg/tablet)in a community hospital were analyzed to provide reference for rational clinical drug use.Patients'medication information of 1 325 prescriptions was collected and analyzed by defined daily dose system(DDDs)and drug utilization index(DUI),and the rationality of drug use was analyzed according to drug instructions and literature.The mean age of males and females were(73.70±8.33)years old and(72.95±8.34)years old,respectively.The top 3 DDDs age groups were women aged 60-79 years,men aged 60-79 years and women aged 80-99 years.The proportion of prescriptions in female patients was 59.62%.DUI ranges from 0.75 to 0.85.Irrational drug use was found in 123 prescriptions,including 89 prescriptions(72.35%)of inappropriate drug selection,19 prescriptions(15.45%)with low dose,6 prescriptions(4.88%)with contraindication,5 prescriptions(4.06%)with inconsistent frequency of administration,2 prescriptions(1.63%)of out-of-indication drug use,and 2 prescriptions(1.63%)of high dose.For the phenomenon of irrational drug use,it is necessary to conduct real-time intervention to ensure the safety and effectiveness of drug use.

Objective:To investigate the effects of radiofrequency technology combined with electrical stimulation biofeedback training on stress urinary incontinence in female patients.Methods:This is a prospective study that included 360 female patients with stress urinary incontinence who visited the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics at Lianyungang Maternal and Child Health Hospital from June 2021 to June 2023. The patients were divided into three groups using a random number table method: a radiofrequency treatment group ( n = 120, treated with radiofrequency technology), an electrical stimulation treatment group ( n = 120, treated with electrical stimulation biofeedback training), and a combined treatment group ( n = 120, treated with a combination of radiofrequency technology and electrical stimulation biofeedback training). The clinical efficacy of the three groups was evaluated. Before and after treatment, a 1-hour pad test and urine test were conducted. The Incontinence Questionnaire-Urinary Incontinence Short Form was used to assess the surface electromyography values of the pelvic floor muscles in patients across the three groups. Results:The effective treatment rate in the combined treatment group was 87.50% (105/120), which was significantly higher than the rates in the radiofrequency treatment group (69.17%, 83/120) and the electrical stimulation treatment group (71.67%, 86/120) ( χ2 = 13.05, P < 0.05). After treatment, the 1-hour pad test showed that the urine leakage amounts and the Incontinence Questionnaire-Urinary Incontinence Short Form scores for the combined treatment group were (1.14 ± 0.16) g and (4.15 ± 0.48), respectively. In comparison, the values in the radiofrequency treatment group were (3.04 ± 0.42) g and (8.66 ± 0.89), while in the electrical stimulation treatment group they were (3.01 ± 0.39) g and (8.78 ± 0.91). Differences among the three groups were statistically significant ( F = 1 024.37, 1 354.96, all P < 0.05). After treatment, the surface electromyography values during the rapid contraction, sustained contraction, and endurance contraction phases for the combined treatment group were (31.97 ± 3.24) μV, (27.01 ± 3.02) μV, and (20.05 ± 2.11) μV, respectively. For the radiofrequency treatment group, the values were (27.85 ± 2.72) μV, (21.63 ± 2.39) μV, and (15.14 ± 1.63) μV, while the electrical stimulation treatment group showed values of (27.93 ± 2.75) μV, (22.04 ± 2.41) μV, and (15.39 ± 1.67) μV. Differences among the three groups were also statistically significant ( F = 78.49, 156.43, 278.16, all P < 0.05). Conclusions:Radiofrequency technology combined with electrical stimulation biofeedback training can substantially improve pelvic floor muscle strength and reduce urinary incontinence symptoms in female patients with stress urinary incontinence.

The data from outpatient prescriptions of small-size aspirin enteric-coated tablets(25 mg/tablet)in a community hospital were analyzed to provide reference for rational clinical drug use.Patients'medication information of 1 325 prescriptions was collected and analyzed by defined daily dose system(DDDs)and drug utilization index(DUI),and the rationality of drug use was analyzed according to drug instructions and literature.The mean age of males and females were(73.70±8.33)years old and(72.95±8.34)years old,respectively.The top 3 DDDs age groups were women aged 60-79 years,men aged 60-79 years and women aged 80-99 years.The proportion of prescriptions in female patients was 59.62%.DUI ranges from 0.75 to 0.85.Irrational drug use was found in 123 prescriptions,including 89 prescriptions(72.35%)of inappropriate drug selection,19 prescriptions(15.45%)with low dose,6 prescriptions(4.88%)with contraindication,5 prescriptions(4.06%)with inconsistent frequency of administration,2 prescriptions(1.63%)of out-of-indication drug use,and 2 prescriptions(1.63%)of high dose.For the phenomenon of irrational drug use,it is necessary to conduct real-time intervention to ensure the safety and effectiveness of drug use.

AIM To investigate the ameliorative effects of Compound Fufangteng Mixture(CFM)on cyclophosphamide(CTX)-induced immunosuppression in mice.METHODS Forty-eight male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into the blank control group,the model group,the levamisole hydrochloride group(40 mg/kg)and the low-dose,medium-dose and high-dose CFM groups(3.75,7.5,10 g/kg),with 8 mice in each group,and given respective intervention orally once daily for 14 days.On the 5th to 7th day of administration,with the blank control group given normal saline intraperitoneally,the other groups underwent intraperitoneal CTX injections(80 mg/kg).24 hours after the last administration,organ indices of thymus and spleen were calculated;splenic histopathological alterations were assessed by HE staining;serum levels of IL-2,IL-6 and IgG were quantified using ELISA;splenic CD4+,CD8+T lymphocytes,alongside CD86+and CD206+macrophages populations were analyzed by flow cytometry;and splenic expression of CD4,CD8 and F4/80 was evaluated by immunohistochemical staining.RESULTS In CTX-treated mice,CFM administration mitigated body weight loss;enhanced thymus weight and thymic index;ameliorated splenic immune cell populations,elevated serum levels of cytokines IL-2,IL-6 and IgG in serum;and upregulated splenic levels of CD45+CD3+T lymphocytes and F4/80+CD11b+macrophages,alongside increasing the expression of CD4,CD8 and F4/80 surface markers.CONCLUSION CFM alleviates CTX-induced immunosuppression state in mice by modulating immune cells,restoring immune function and enhancing anti-inflammatory and tissue repair capabilities.