Based on advancements in modern medical research regarding the intricate connection between the endocrine and exocrine functions of the pancreas， as well as the relationship between pancreatic functions and traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） spleen system， this paper discussed the categorization of the pancreas. It is proposed that the pancreas is neither a true zang organ nor a fu organ， but possessed the attributes of an extraordinary fu-organ and can be classified under the spleen. The spleen governs transportation and transformation， ascent of the clear and dispersion of essence， which encompasses the endocrine and exocrine functions， and pancreatic enzymes and glucose-regulating hormones form the material basis for the spleen's function of dispersing essence. Diseases of the pancreas exhibit characteristics of both zang-organ deficiency and fu-organ excess， so treatment should simultaneously supplement zang-organ disease and regulate fu-organ disease when pancreas showing endocrine and exocrine co-morbidities， with focus on restoring the pancreas （spleen）'s dispersing essence function. Therapeutic strategies include supplementing spleen qi， nourishing spleen yin to strengthen spleen earth， unblocking spleen collaterals， raising spleen yang， and removing spleen turbidity to support the spleen's dispersing essence function， so as to replenish the essential qi of zang-fu organs， ensure their distribution throughout the body， and improve the endocrine and exocrine functions of the pancreas.

Methods: Patients with Lenke 1 AIS undergoing posterior spinal fusion were included. Standing and fulcrum bending radiographs on the coronal and sagittal planes were analyzed at preoperative, immediate, and 2-year postoperative periods. The primary outcome was postoperative hypokyphosis (T5–12 thoracic kyphosis [TK] <20°). Risk factors for postoperative hypokyphosis were identified by multivariate logistic regression, and the optimal cutoff for significant risk factors was determined by receiver operating characteristic analysis. Results: In total, 156 patients were included in the analysis, of which 68 (43.6%) were hypokyphotic at 2-year follow-up. Low T5–12 TK on lateral view fulcrum bending films (immediate postoperative odds ratio [OR], 0.870; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.826–0.917; 2-year postoperative OR, 0.916; 95% CI, 0.876–0.959; p<0.001) and high convex side implant density (2-year postoperative OR, 1.749; 95% CI, 1.056–2.897; p=0.03) were significant risk factors for postoperative hypokyphosis. Other baseline demographic and surgical factors did not affect postoperative kyphosis correction. The T5–12 TK cutoff on fulcrum bending for 2-year postoperative hypokyphosis was 12.45° (area under the curve, 0.773; 95% CI, 0.661–0.820). Conclusions Fulcrum bending radiography is useful in assessing coronal and sagittal flexibility for preoperative planning. In patients with T5–12 kyphosis <12.5° on lateral view fulcrum bending radiographs, Ponte osteotomies or releases, or a decrease in convex side implant density should be considered to improve kyphosis restoration and reduce the risk of 2-year postoperative hypokyphosis.

Objective: To investigate the incidence of postoperative neurological complications among patients who underwent spinal deformity surgery and to determine the significant risk factors for postoperative neurological complications. Methods: Six databases PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Library have been searched to identify observational studies from inception until January 2025. Inclusion criteria were patients aged ≥10 years with postoperative neurological complications after spinal deformity surgery. Stata/MP18.0 was used to conduct the meta-analysis in this review. The summary incidence estimates, proportion with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and weights were pooled by the random-effects restricted maximum likelihood model. Results: The search strategy identified 53 articles with 40,958 patients for final review. Overall incidence of postoperative neurological complications was 7% (95% CI, 5.0%–9.0%; p < 0.001; I2 = 98.34%) in which incidence estimates for patients with adult spinal deformity and underwent 3-column spinal osteotomies were 12% (95% CI, 9%–16%; p < 0.001; I2 = 93.17%) and 18% (95% CI, 8%–31%; p < 0.001; I2 = 94.68%) respectively. Preoperative neurological deficit was the risk factor with highest overall odds ratio (OR, 2.86; 95% CI, 1.85–4.41; p = 0.01; I2 = 76.20%), followed by the presence of kyphosis (OR, 1.13; 95% CI, 0.75–1.70; p = 0.02; I2 = 81.80%) and age at surgery (OR, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.01–1.08; p = 0.04; I2 = 68.80%). Conclusion Preoperative neurological deficit, the presence of kyphosis and age at surgery were significant risk factors for postoperative neurological complications. Therefore, comprehensive preoperative assessment and surgical planning are crucial to minimize the risk of developing postoperative neurological complications or the deterioration of pre-existing neurologic deficits.

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative condition characterized by progressive cognitive decline and memory loss. As the incidence of AD continues to rise annually, researchers have shown keen interest in the active components found in natural plants and their neuroprotective effects against AD. Quercetin, a flavonol widely present in fruits and vegetables, has multiple biological effects including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant. Oxidative stress plays a central role in the pathogenesis of AD, and the antioxidant properties of quercetin are essential for its neuroprotective function. Quercetin can modulate multiple signaling pathways related to AD, such as Nrf2-ARE, JNK, p38 MAPK, PON2, PI3K/Akt, and PKC, all of which are closely related to oxidative stress. Furthermore, quercetin is capable of inhibiting the aggregation of β‑amyloid protein (Aβ) and the phosphorylation of tau protein, as well as the activity of β‑secretase 1 and acetylcholinesterase, thus slowing down the progression of the disease.The review also provides insights into the pharmacokinetic properties of quercetin, including its absorption, metabolism, and excretion, as well as its bioavailability challenges and clinical applications. To improve the bioavailability and enhance the targeting of quercetin, the potential of quercetin nanomedicine delivery systems in the treatment of AD is also discussed. In summary, the multifaceted mechanisms of quercetin against AD provide a new perspective for drug development. However, translating these findings into clinical practice requires overcoming current limitations and ongoing research. In this way, its therapeutic potential in the treatment of AD can be fully utilized.

Objective: To investigate the incidence of postoperative neurological complications among patients who underwent spinal deformity surgery and to determine the significant risk factors for postoperative neurological complications. Methods: Six databases PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Library have been searched to identify observational studies from inception until January 2025. Inclusion criteria were patients aged ≥10 years with postoperative neurological complications after spinal deformity surgery. Stata/MP18.0 was used to conduct the meta-analysis in this review. The summary incidence estimates, proportion with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and weights were pooled by the random-effects restricted maximum likelihood model. Results: The search strategy identified 53 articles with 40,958 patients for final review. Overall incidence of postoperative neurological complications was 7% (95% CI, 5.0%–9.0%; p < 0.001; I2 = 98.34%) in which incidence estimates for patients with adult spinal deformity and underwent 3-column spinal osteotomies were 12% (95% CI, 9%–16%; p < 0.001; I2 = 93.17%) and 18% (95% CI, 8%–31%; p < 0.001; I2 = 94.68%) respectively. Preoperative neurological deficit was the risk factor with highest overall odds ratio (OR, 2.86; 95% CI, 1.85–4.41; p = 0.01; I2 = 76.20%), followed by the presence of kyphosis (OR, 1.13; 95% CI, 0.75–1.70; p = 0.02; I2 = 81.80%) and age at surgery (OR, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.01–1.08; p = 0.04; I2 = 68.80%). Conclusion Preoperative neurological deficit, the presence of kyphosis and age at surgery were significant risk factors for postoperative neurological complications. Therefore, comprehensive preoperative assessment and surgical planning are crucial to minimize the risk of developing postoperative neurological complications or the deterioration of pre-existing neurologic deficits.

Objective: To investigate the incidence of postoperative neurological complications among patients who underwent spinal deformity surgery and to determine the significant risk factors for postoperative neurological complications. Methods: Six databases PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Library have been searched to identify observational studies from inception until January 2025. Inclusion criteria were patients aged ≥10 years with postoperative neurological complications after spinal deformity surgery. Stata/MP18.0 was used to conduct the meta-analysis in this review. The summary incidence estimates, proportion with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and weights were pooled by the random-effects restricted maximum likelihood model. Results: The search strategy identified 53 articles with 40,958 patients for final review. Overall incidence of postoperative neurological complications was 7% (95% CI, 5.0%–9.0%; p < 0.001; I2 = 98.34%) in which incidence estimates for patients with adult spinal deformity and underwent 3-column spinal osteotomies were 12% (95% CI, 9%–16%; p < 0.001; I2 = 93.17%) and 18% (95% CI, 8%–31%; p < 0.001; I2 = 94.68%) respectively. Preoperative neurological deficit was the risk factor with highest overall odds ratio (OR, 2.86; 95% CI, 1.85–4.41; p = 0.01; I2 = 76.20%), followed by the presence of kyphosis (OR, 1.13; 95% CI, 0.75–1.70; p = 0.02; I2 = 81.80%) and age at surgery (OR, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.01–1.08; p = 0.04; I2 = 68.80%). Conclusion Preoperative neurological deficit, the presence of kyphosis and age at surgery were significant risk factors for postoperative neurological complications. Therefore, comprehensive preoperative assessment and surgical planning are crucial to minimize the risk of developing postoperative neurological complications or the deterioration of pre-existing neurologic deficits.

Methods: Patients with Lenke 1 AIS undergoing posterior spinal fusion were included. Standing and fulcrum bending radiographs on the coronal and sagittal planes were analyzed at preoperative, immediate, and 2-year postoperative periods. The primary outcome was postoperative hypokyphosis (T5–12 thoracic kyphosis [TK] <20°). Risk factors for postoperative hypokyphosis were identified by multivariate logistic regression, and the optimal cutoff for significant risk factors was determined by receiver operating characteristic analysis. Results: In total, 156 patients were included in the analysis, of which 68 (43.6%) were hypokyphotic at 2-year follow-up. Low T5–12 TK on lateral view fulcrum bending films (immediate postoperative odds ratio [OR], 0.870; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.826–0.917; 2-year postoperative OR, 0.916; 95% CI, 0.876–0.959; p<0.001) and high convex side implant density (2-year postoperative OR, 1.749; 95% CI, 1.056–2.897; p=0.03) were significant risk factors for postoperative hypokyphosis. Other baseline demographic and surgical factors did not affect postoperative kyphosis correction. The T5–12 TK cutoff on fulcrum bending for 2-year postoperative hypokyphosis was 12.45° (area under the curve, 0.773; 95% CI, 0.661–0.820). Conclusions Fulcrum bending radiography is useful in assessing coronal and sagittal flexibility for preoperative planning. In patients with T5–12 kyphosis <12.5° on lateral view fulcrum bending radiographs, Ponte osteotomies or releases, or a decrease in convex side implant density should be considered to improve kyphosis restoration and reduce the risk of 2-year postoperative hypokyphosis.