Objective To systematically evaluate the effectiveness of active screening in the prevention and control of healthcare-associated infection(HAI)with carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales(CRE)in Chinese medical in-stitutions through Meta-analysis.Methods Studies on active screening combined with intervention for CRE in Chi-nese medical institutions published from the establishment of databases to April 2024 were retrieved from Wanfang Database,VIP database,China National Knowledge Infrastructure,China Biomedical Literature Database,Em-base,PubMed,Cochrane Library,and Web of Science.Meta-analysis was performed to study the effectiveness of active screening combined with intervention in CRE prevention and control.Results A total of 14 literatures were included in the analysis,including 12 non-randomized controlled studies and 2 randomized controlled studies.Meta-analysis results showed that active screening and timely intervention measures against CRE in hospitalized patients could effectively reduce the incidence of HAI with CRE(relative risk[RR]=0.51,95％CI[0.43,0.61],P＜0.05).Conclusion Active screening combined with intervention for CRE among hospitalized patients can effectively reduce the risk of CRE cross infection in hospitals.

Objective To systematically evaluate the effectiveness of active screening in the prevention and control of healthcare-associated infection(HAI)with carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales(CRE)in Chinese medical in-stitutions through Meta-analysis.Methods Studies on active screening combined with intervention for CRE in Chi-nese medical institutions published from the establishment of databases to April 2024 were retrieved from Wanfang Database,VIP database,China National Knowledge Infrastructure,China Biomedical Literature Database,Em-base,PubMed,Cochrane Library,and Web of Science.Meta-analysis was performed to study the effectiveness of active screening combined with intervention in CRE prevention and control.Results A total of 14 literatures were included in the analysis,including 12 non-randomized controlled studies and 2 randomized controlled studies.Meta-analysis results showed that active screening and timely intervention measures against CRE in hospitalized patients could effectively reduce the incidence of HAI with CRE(relative risk[RR]=0.51,95％CI[0.43,0.61],P＜0.05).Conclusion Active screening combined with intervention for CRE among hospitalized patients can effectively reduce the risk of CRE cross infection in hospitals.

OBJECTIVETo detect 22q11 microdeletion in the children and fetuses affected by congenital heart defects.

METHODMLPA P250 kit was used to detect 22q11 microdeletion in 100 cases of sporadic congenital heart defects including 40 fetuses and 60 patients diagnosed by ultrasound.

RESULTTwo cases from the fetuses and 1 case from the patients were found to have 22q11 microdeletion.

CONCLUSIONThree cases had 22q11 microdeletion in the congenital heart defects.

Child ; Child, Preschool ; Chromosome Deletion ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22 ; Female ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; diagnosis ; genetics ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques ; methods

OBJECTIVETo investigate the molecular characteristics of phage-type 6b isolates emerging in 1998-2001 cholera epidemics in Sichuan province.

METHODSIsolates were analyzed by phage-typing, pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and ompW gene sequencing.

RESULTSAll phage-type 1b and 6b isolates in Sichuan province from 1998 to 2001 were toxigenic. A total of 24 patterns were identified after PFGE analysis, and one predominant pattern consisted of 13 isolates. Several 1b and 6b isolates from Sichuan and isolates of the 1b from other provinces showed the same PFGE pattern. Mutation in ompW gene was found in 6b isolates.

CONCLUSIONV.cholerae O1 6b isolates in Sichuan province from 1998 to 2001 have special genetic markers, and might genetically correlate with contemporaneous 1b isolates.

Bacterial Typing Techniques ; Bacteriophage Typing ; China ; epidemiology ; Cholera ; epidemiology ; microbiology ; DNA, Bacterial ; genetics ; Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field ; Genes, Bacterial ; Genotype ; Vibrio cholerae ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification

OBJECTIVETo develop fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) method and to evaluate the its typing capability with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) in molecular typing of Vibrio cholerae.

METHODSForty-seven strains of V. cholerae, with different PFGE patterns, were selected as the reference group to optimize the selective primers of AFLP analysis. Eighty-three strains including 20 strains from one epidemic episode, isolated from different provinces during 1961 and 2005, were used to compare the typing abilities of AFLP and PFGE. LI-COR4300 DNA sequencing system was used for AFLP electrophoresis. The images were recorded by Saga(MX) software and transferred to BioNumerics for clustering analysis. A standard protocol for V. cholerae from PulseNet was used in PFGE.

RESULTSWhen comparison was made with different selective primers on AFLP based on the 47 strains, results showed that the optimized selective primer pair was EcoR I-G/Mse I-T, and the reproducibility of the tests was 99.2%. Eighty-three isolates showed 52 AFLP patterns and 44 PFGE patterns, with D values as 0.9545 (AFLP) and 0.9251 (PFGE) respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe protocol of fluorescent AFLP on V. cholerae typing was established. AFLP was higher than PFGE in discrimination of V. cholerae which could be used for molecular typing. When combined with PFGE, AFLP became a more insightful tool to identify genome difference of different isolates.

Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis ; methods ; Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field ; Genotype ; Phylogeny ; Vibrio cholerae ; classification ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo establish a mathematical model of hepatitis C virus (HCV) replication and develop a working theory for antiviral therapy in order to understand the dynamics of HCV replication.

METHODSPeripheral blood cells of 4 hepatitis C patients were cultured. Quantities of the HCV were detected every 15 min by real-time PCR. The data were analyzed using SPSS software. A mathematical functional relationship between HCV RNA and the time lapse was established.

RESULTSThe quantity of HCV RNA declined and it fell into a mathematical model: Y=3E+0.8e(-0.5467x) (r=0.9547). The estimated virion half-life was 45 min on the average.

CONCLUSIONSThe decline of HCV RNA in the blood is not of a linear trend and the HCV RNA lasts a longer time although the speed of the decline is faster than that in vivo.

Adult ; Half-Life ; Hepacivirus ; Hepatitis C, Chronic ; blood ; virology ; Humans ; Models, Theoretical ; Nonlinear Dynamics ; RNA, Viral ; blood ; Viral Load ; Virus Replication

OBJECTIVETo study the prevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) like virus in animals at a live animal market of Guanzhou in 2004 before and after culling of wild animal action taken by the local authority, in order to predict the re-emerging of SARS from animal originals in this region.

METHODSAnimals at live animal market were sampled for rectal and throat swabs in triplicate. A single step realtime reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) diagnostic kit was performed for screening SARS-CoV like virus, the manual nested RT- PCR and DNA sequencing were performed for confirmation. Only specimens which tested positive for both of the N and P genes by nested RT-PCR were scored as positive.

RESULTSIn 31 animals sampled in January 5 2004 before culling of wild animals at Guangdong Province, including 20 cats (Felis catus), 5 red fox (Vulpes vulpes) and 6 Lesser rice field rats (Rattus losea), 8 (25.8%) animals were tested positive for SARS-CoV like virus by RT-PCR methods, of which 4 cats, 3 red fox and one Lesser rice field rats were included. However, two weeks after culling of animals and disinfection of the market were implemented, in 119 animals sampled in January 20 2004, including 6 rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus), 13 cats, 46 red jungle fowl (Gallus gallus), 13 spotbill duck (Anas platyrhynchos), 10 greylag goose (Anser anser), 31 Chinese francolin (Franclinus pintadeanus), only rectal swab from one greylag goose was tested positive for SARS-CoV like virus. Furthermore, in 102 animals that including 14 greylag gooses, 3 cats, 5 rabbits, 9 spotbill duck (Anaspoecilorhyncha), 2 Chinese francolin (Franclinus pintadeanus), 8 common pheasant (Phasianus colchicus), 6 pigeons, 9 Chinese muntjac (Muntiacus reevesi), 19 wild boar (Sus scrofa), 16 Lesser rice field rats, 5 dogs, 1 mink (Mustela vison), 3 goats, 2 green peafowl (Pavo muticus) sampled in April, May, June, July, August and November, only rectal swab from one pig was tested positive. However, of 12 and 10 palm civets sampled in November and December including five of which had been at the live animals market for 2 days, none of them was tested positive.

CONCLUSIONThis findings revealed that animals being sampled in April, May, June, July, August and November of 2004, only one rectal swab from a pig was tested positive as SARS-CoV like virus, much lower than the results from the previous year, suggesting that the possibility of re-emerging of human infection from animal origins is low for the winter of 2004-2005.

Animals ; Animals, Wild ; virology ; China ; DNA, Viral ; analysis ; Felidae ; virology ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; SARS Virus ; isolation & purification