Objective The pathogenesis of EAP in rats based on the TLR4/NF-κB-NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway was explored.Methods Randomly divide 12 male SD rats into 4 groups using the number table,namely normal group(N),model group(M),Caspase-1 inhibitor group(Caspase-1),and NLRP3 inhibitor MCC950 group(NLRP3),with 3 rats in each group.After drug intervention,relevant indicators were observed by using HE staining,ELISA,WB methods.Results Compared with the N group,the M group rats had showed significant damage in prostate gland structure and infiltration of inflammatory cells.Compared with group N,the expression of TLR4,P-NF-κB P65,NLRP3,ASC,Cleaced-Caspase-1,Cleaced-IL-1β,and IL-18 proteins in the prostate tissue of group M rats had increased(P<0.01).Compared with group M,the expression of TLR4,P-NF-κB P65,NLRP3,ASC,Cleaced-Caspase-1,Cleaced-IL-1β,and IL-18 proteins in the NLRP3 and Caspase-1 groups had significantly reduced(P<0.01).The serum levels of IL-1 β,IL-6,IL-8,IL-17A,IL-18,IFN-γ,and TNF-α in group M rats had been significantly higher than those in group N(P<0.01).But the serum levels of IL-10 had been slightly lower and no statistical significance.The serum levels of IL-1β,IL-6,IL-8,IL-17A,IL-18,IFN-γ,and TNF-α in group M rats had been lower than those in group N(P<0.01 or P<0.05),the serum IL-10 level had increased(P<0.01).Conclusion The activation of TLR4/NF-κB-NLRP3 inflammasome signaling path-way promotes the occurrence and development of prostatitis in EAP rats.

The field(emergency)rapid inspection systems involving in the backpack,chest,vehicle and shelter had their research advances introduced and characteristics and deficiencies analyzed,and some improvement suggestions were put forward accordingly.It's pointed out the backpack,chest,vehicle and shelter be combined effectively to enhance the mobility and flexibility of field(emergency)rapid inspection systems.References were provided for the future enhancement and effecient operation of field(emergency)rapid inspection systems.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2025,46(2):80-86]

Objective:To investigate the differences in clinical characteristics and prognosis between early- and late-onset rectal cancer (EORC and LORC, respectively), and to analyze the adverse factors affecting outcomes in EORC patients.Methods:This retrospective cohort and propensity score matching (PSM) study examined 904 rectal cancer patients who underwent radical resection at Peking University Shougang Hospital between 2017 and 2022. Prior to comparison, patients in the EORC group (<50 years old) and LORC group (≥50 years old) were matched at a 1:2 ratio to control for the following confounders: sex; neoadjuvant therapy; T, N, and M stage; and adjuvant treatment. Cox regression was used to identify independent risk factors for poor overall and progression-free survival (OS and PFS, respectively). Restricted cubic splines were used to analyze the association between age and clinical outcome.Results:A total of 199 EORC and 705 LORC patients were included for analysis. Prior to PSM, the proportions of patients with stage T4 [27.6%(55/199) vs.12.9%(91/705),χ 2=30.12, P<0.001] and M1 disease [24.6%(49/199) vs. 15.7% (111/705),χ 2=8.40, P=0.004], and the proportions of patients who received neoadjuvant [79.9% (159/199) vs. 62.3%(439/705), χ 2=21.54, P<0.001] and adjuvant therapy [62.8%(125/199) vs. 50.8% (358/705), χ 2=9.03, P=0.003] were significantly higher in the EORC group. Mean OS (57.8 vs. 51.9 months; P=0.011) and PFS (53.6 vs. 44.5 months; P=0.001) were also significantly longer in the LORC group. However, after PSM, the intergroup differences in OS and PFS were not significant ( P=0.450 and 0.180, respectively). Multivariate Cox regression in the EORC cohort identified carcinoembryonic antigen concentration ≥5 μg/L [hazard ratio (HR), 3.79; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.34-10.69; P=0.012] and presence of perineural invasion (HR, 7.27; 95%CI, 1.77-29.88; P=0.006) as independent risk factors for overall mortality; the only independent risk factor for cancer progression was carcinoembryonic antigen concentration ≥5 μg/L (HR, 2.56; 95%CI, 1.06-6.17; P=0.037). Restricted cubic spline analysis showed a U-shaped relationship between age and clinical outcome. After PSM, OS and PFS did not show a significant association with age in the < 60 years old group. Conclusion:Compared with LORC, EORC is more likely to be diagnosed at a later stage and has a worse outcome. Early diagnosis and timely treatment improve outcome in EORC patients.

Objective:To evaluate the effectiveness of a workshop-driven interactive teaching model in clinical alarm training for undergraduate nursing interns in the intensive care unit (ICU).Methods:A total of 120 undergraduate nursing students who interned in the ICU from November 2023 to April 2024 were enrolled and randomly assigned using a random number table into a control group ( n=60, traditional teaching) and an intervention group ( n=60, workshop-driven interactive teaching). Clinical alarm knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP); perception of patient safety culture; and training satisfaction were assessed before and after the training using validated questionnaires. Differences between groups were analyzed using independent sample t-test, paired sample t-test, chi-square test, and the Mann-Whitney U test with SPSS 22.0. Results:There were no significant differences between the two groups in clinical alarm KAP scores or patient safety culture perception scores before the training ( P>0.05). After the training, the intervention group showed significantly higher scores in clinical alarm KAP [(127.58±6.45) vs. (123.48±7.61), t=3.17, P=0.002] and patient safety culture perception [(99.44±9.17) vs. (95.45±12.03), t=-2.04, P=0.044] compared with the control group. Satisfaction with training content, teaching quality, and overall instructional design was significantly higher in the intervention group than in the control group ( P<0.05). Within-group comparisons showed that the intervention group had significant improvements in clinical alarm KAP [(127.58±6.45) vs. (120.10±10.25), t=-5.10, P<0.001] and patient safety culture perception [(99.44±9.17) vs. (94.46±12.12), t=-2.65, P=0.010] after training. No significant changes were observed in the control group after training ( P>0.05). Conclusions:The workshop-driven interactive teaching model can effectively enhance the clinical alarm KAP levels and patient safety culture perception among undergraduate nursing interns in the ICU. This teaching approach provides a scientific basis for optimizing clinical alarm education and cultivating high-quality nursing professionals.

Objective This study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial resistance profiles of bacterial strains isolated from pediatric intensive care units(PICU)in China for better antimicrobial therapy.Methods Clinical isolates were collected from 17 institutions,including tertiary care children's hospitals and pediatric department of tertiary general hospitals in China from January 1,2020 to December 31,2022.Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out according to a unified protocol using Kirby-Bauer method or automated systems.Results were interpreted according to the breakpoints released by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI)in 2020.Results A total of 10 688 isolates were collected,including gram-positive organisms(39.2％)and gram-negative organisms(60.8％).The top three organisms were S.aureus(13.6％,1 453/10 688),A.baumannii(10.0％,1 067/10 688),and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus(9.9％,1 058/10 688).Multi-drug resistant organisms(MDROs)were very common in children.The prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA),carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales(CRE),carbapenem-resistant E.coli,carbapenem-resistant K.pneumoniae(CRKP),carbapenem-resistant A.baumannii(CRAB),and carbapenem-resistant P.aeruginosa(CRPA)was 41.1％,19.4％,8.8％,30.9％,67.4％,and 28.8％,respectively.Overall,more than 50％of Enterobacteriales isolates were resistant to cephalosporins,while nearly 25％of Enterobacteriales isolates were resistant to carbapenems.MDROs were highly resistant to commonly used antibiotics.More than 80％of CRE and CRAB strains were resistant to all beta-lactam antibiotics.CRE and CRAB showed low resistance rates to tigecycline and polymyxin.CRPA showed lower resistance rates to piperacillin,beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations than the resistance rates to third and fourth generation cephalosporins.All of the Staphylococcus and Enterococcus isolates were susceptible to vancomycin and tigecycline.None of PRSP strains isolated from meningitis and nonmeningitis samples were resistant to rifampicin,vancomycin,or linezolid.The prevalence of β-lactamase-negative ampicillin-resistant(BLNAR)strains was 43.3％in Haemophilus influenzae.Conclusions MDROs were prevalent in PICU.It is necessary to establish an effective multidisciplinary team(MDT)to control the antimicrobial resistance.

Central nervous system(CNS)degenerative disorders refer to a spectrum of pathological alterations triggered by struc-tural damage to cerebral neural tissues,clinically manifested as diverse neurological dysfunction syndromes,including multiple sclerosis(MS),neurodegenerative diseases(NDs),and ische-mic stroke.The hallmark pathological features of these disorders involve irreversible neuronal damage and decompensation of functional neural networks,ultimately leading to progressive neurological deficits.Notably,with the accelerating global popu-lation aging,the incidence of these diseases has surged signifi-cantly.According to WHO statistics,they now rank among the top three global causes of disability and mortality.Current re-search has confirmed that the pathogenesis of CNS degenerative disorders exhibits high heterogeneity,encompassing multifaceted pathophysiological processes such as genetic predisposition,oxi-dative stress,protein misfolding,and metabolic dysregulation.This intricate pathogenic network not only complicates clinical differential diagnosis but also poses substantial challenges to the development of precision therapeutic strategies.Importantly,re-cent studies have revealed that mitochondrial homeostasis disrup-tion-induced inflammatory cascades(termed mitochondrial in-flammation)play a pivotal regulatory role in neurodegenerative progression.Key molecular mechanisms include impaired mito-phagy,aberrant mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA)release and NL-RP3 inflammasome activation.This review systematically deci-phers the molecular regulatory network of mitochondrial inflam-mation,with a focus on its biological effects in critical pathologi-cal events such as blood-brain barrier disruption,microglial hy-peractivation and neuronal apoptosis.The overarching aim is to provide a theoretical foundation for developing innovative thera-peutic strategies targeting mitochondrial homeostasis restoration.

An effective method for simultaneously detecting four semivolatile earthy-musty odors in freshwater fish by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)was developed.The concurrent extraction of geosmin(GSM),2-methylisoborneol(MIB),2-isopropyl-3-methoxypyrazine(IPMP),and 2-isobutyl-3-methoxypyrazine(IBMP)in fish tissue was conducted with n-hexane.The optimized QuEChERS material was implemented,and it was found that C18,primary secondary amine(PSA)and MgSO4 could adsorb the target analytes in n-hexane.So only the graphitized carbon black(GCB)could be used to purify the extraction.The adsorption rates of different materials for the four kinds of odors materials were explored in n-hexane and ethyl acetate.The experimental results revealed that the adsorption rates of silica for the four targets were 99.5%-100%in n-hexane and 0.7%-5.0%in ethyl acetate respectively.Then the silica solid phase extraction(SPE)method was utilized to eluent the compounds using 1.0 mL n-hexane/ethyl acetate in different proportions.The results of the comparative analysis demonstrated that n-hexane/ethyl acetate(4∶1,V/V)was the optimized eluent.Based on the obtained results,n-hexane extraction and GCB purification combined with silica SPE were used to isolate GSM,MIB,IPMP and IBMP from fish and the method was validated.It was found that the method showed good linearity in the range of 0.5-200 ng/mL,and with detection limits of 0.6 μg/kg for GSM and MIB,0.2 μg/kg for IPMP and IBMP.The limits of quantitation(LOQ)were 1.0 μg/kg for GSM and MIB,0.6 μg/kg for IPMP and IBMP.Good recoveries(77.5%-112.0%)and relative standard deviations(1.56%-9.42%)were also obtained.The use of silica SPE greatly mitigated the issue that the off-flavor compounds were easily lost in the gas blowing concentration process.There was no cross contamination in this method because the sample pretreatments were conducted separately,which was different with the most commonly used HS-SPME method for detecting semi-volatile substances.The sensitivity of this method was high enough to produce good quantitative results below the odor thresholds of the examined off-flavor compounds.

Objective This study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial resistance profiles of bacterial strains isolated from pediatric intensive care units(PICU)in China for better antimicrobial therapy.Methods Clinical isolates were collected from 17 institutions,including tertiary care children's hospitals and pediatric department of tertiary general hospitals in China from January 1,2020 to December 31,2022.Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out according to a unified protocol using Kirby-Bauer method or automated systems.Results were interpreted according to the breakpoints released by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI)in 2020.Results A total of 10 688 isolates were collected,including gram-positive organisms(39.2％)and gram-negative organisms(60.8％).The top three organisms were S.aureus(13.6％,1 453/10 688),A.baumannii(10.0％,1 067/10 688),and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus(9.9％,1 058/10 688).Multi-drug resistant organisms(MDROs)were very common in children.The prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA),carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales(CRE),carbapenem-resistant E.coli,carbapenem-resistant K.pneumoniae(CRKP),carbapenem-resistant A.baumannii(CRAB),and carbapenem-resistant P.aeruginosa(CRPA)was 41.1％,19.4％,8.8％,30.9％,67.4％,and 28.8％,respectively.Overall,more than 50％of Enterobacteriales isolates were resistant to cephalosporins,while nearly 25％of Enterobacteriales isolates were resistant to carbapenems.MDROs were highly resistant to commonly used antibiotics.More than 80％of CRE and CRAB strains were resistant to all beta-lactam antibiotics.CRE and CRAB showed low resistance rates to tigecycline and polymyxin.CRPA showed lower resistance rates to piperacillin,beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations than the resistance rates to third and fourth generation cephalosporins.All of the Staphylococcus and Enterococcus isolates were susceptible to vancomycin and tigecycline.None of PRSP strains isolated from meningitis and nonmeningitis samples were resistant to rifampicin,vancomycin,or linezolid.The prevalence of β-lactamase-negative ampicillin-resistant(BLNAR)strains was 43.3％in Haemophilus influenzae.Conclusions MDROs were prevalent in PICU.It is necessary to establish an effective multidisciplinary team(MDT)to control the antimicrobial resistance.

Objective:To investigate the differences in clinical characteristics and prognosis between early- and late-onset rectal cancer (EORC and LORC, respectively), and to analyze the adverse factors affecting outcomes in EORC patients.Methods:This retrospective cohort and propensity score matching (PSM) study examined 904 rectal cancer patients who underwent radical resection at Peking University Shougang Hospital between 2017 and 2022. Prior to comparison, patients in the EORC group (<50 years old) and LORC group (≥50 years old) were matched at a 1:2 ratio to control for the following confounders: sex; neoadjuvant therapy; T, N, and M stage; and adjuvant treatment. Cox regression was used to identify independent risk factors for poor overall and progression-free survival (OS and PFS, respectively). Restricted cubic splines were used to analyze the association between age and clinical outcome.Results:A total of 199 EORC and 705 LORC patients were included for analysis. Prior to PSM, the proportions of patients with stage T4 [27.6%(55/199) vs.12.9%(91/705),χ 2=30.12, P<0.001] and M1 disease [24.6%(49/199) vs. 15.7% (111/705),χ 2=8.40, P=0.004], and the proportions of patients who received neoadjuvant [79.9% (159/199) vs. 62.3%(439/705), χ 2=21.54, P<0.001] and adjuvant therapy [62.8%(125/199) vs. 50.8% (358/705), χ 2=9.03, P=0.003] were significantly higher in the EORC group. Mean OS (57.8 vs. 51.9 months; P=0.011) and PFS (53.6 vs. 44.5 months; P=0.001) were also significantly longer in the LORC group. However, after PSM, the intergroup differences in OS and PFS were not significant ( P=0.450 and 0.180, respectively). Multivariate Cox regression in the EORC cohort identified carcinoembryonic antigen concentration ≥5 μg/L [hazard ratio (HR), 3.79; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.34-10.69; P=0.012] and presence of perineural invasion (HR, 7.27; 95%CI, 1.77-29.88; P=0.006) as independent risk factors for overall mortality; the only independent risk factor for cancer progression was carcinoembryonic antigen concentration ≥5 μg/L (HR, 2.56; 95%CI, 1.06-6.17; P=0.037). Restricted cubic spline analysis showed a U-shaped relationship between age and clinical outcome. After PSM, OS and PFS did not show a significant association with age in the < 60 years old group. Conclusion:Compared with LORC, EORC is more likely to be diagnosed at a later stage and has a worse outcome. Early diagnosis and timely treatment improve outcome in EORC patients.

Ubiquitination represents a critical post-translational modification of proteins,capable of indu-cing alterations in the stability,cellular localisation and activity of substrate proteins.Consequently,it plays a pivotal role in a multitude of essential cellular processes.The intracellular parasite Legionella pneumophila releases in excess of 300 effector proteins into its host cell via its distinctive type IVB secre-tion system.These effector proteins regulate the physiological activity of host cells,thereby facilitating the growth and reproduction of Legionella and ultimately resulting in Legionella infection in humans.In the context of host infection,a number of effector proteins have been identified as regulators of the host cell ubiquitination system.Together with SidJ,SdjA,DupA/DupB,LnaB,and MavL,SidEs precisely and dynamically modulate the ubiquitination pathway of host cells,thereby providing a suitable environment for L.pneumophila to survive.The clarification of the biological functions of LnaB and MavL has led to the elucidation of this complex non-canonical ubiquitination regulatory cycle in L.pneumophila.This re-view presents a summary of the structural and enzymatic basis of non-classical ubiquitination mediated by SidEs,along with an examination of its biological significance in regulating endoplasmic reticulum rear-rangement and promoting Legionella-containing vacuole formation in host cells;the mechanism by which SidJ/SdjA regulates the phosphoribosylation activity of SidEs;and DupA/DupB,LnaB and MavL reverse the ubiquitination of host substrate proteins by SidEs through a multi-step catalytic reaction.In conclu-sion,this study will provide a reference for further understanding the detailed mechanism and biological significance of this type of non-classical ubiquitination modification,as well as offering insights into the pathogenic mechanism of L.pneumophila.