In the context of burgeoning economic trade, there has been a remarkable increase in the number of ships travelling between domestic and international ports. Inbound and outbound cargo ships, cruise liners, ferries, and other types of vessels have emerged as critical vehicles for the dispersal of vector organisms and the spread of infectious disease agents. Public health concerns associated with these vessels represent a significant threat to human welfare. In this paper, we comprehensively review the hazards posed by vector organisms on ships, the latest advances in prevention and control strategies, and proposes appropriate countermeasures. The aim is to provide effective guidance for the prevention and control of public health security issues caused by ship-borne vector organisms.

Objective This study conducted molecular biological identification of the viruses carried by Culex pipiens pallens specimens collected in Shunyi District, Beijing in 2023, and observed the changes in the infection rate of the viruses carried by Cx. pipiens pallens at different collection times. Methods Cx. pipiens pallens were collected using carbon dioxide mosquito traps. The mosquito samples were ground in batches and analyzed by molecular biology technologies. The virus infection rate at different collection times was analyzed statistically. Results 17 strains of Culex pipiens pallens densovirus(CppDNV)were identified from Cx. pipiens pallens samples collected in Shunyi District, Beijing, in 2023. The nucleotide sequence analysis of the virus genome coding region showed that CppDNV was a single-stranded DNA virus with a total length of 3 335 nt, encoding 2 non-structural proteins(NS1, NS2)and 1 capsid protein(VP). The nucleotide(amino acid)sequence lengths of the three proteins were 2 376 nt(791 aa),1 092 nt(363 aa)and 1 071 nt(356 aa), respectively. Phylogenetic analysis showed that CppDNV was located in genus Brevihamaparvovirus. Statistical analysis showed no significant difference in infection rates across collection times(χ2=4.429, P=0.194). Conclusions CppDNV was identified in Cx. pipiens pallens in Beijing, and it was stably maintained in this natural population.

Background: The genetic basis for hyperglycaemia in pregnancy remain unclear. This study aimed to uncover the genetic determinants of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and investigate their applications. Methods: We performed a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for GDM in Chinese women (464 cases and 1,217 controls), followed by de novo replications in an independent Chinese cohort (564 cases and 572 controls) and in silico replication in European (12,332 cases and 131,109 controls) and multi-ethnic populations (5,485 cases and 347,856 controls). A polygenic risk score (PRS) was derived based on the identified variants. Results: Using the genome-wide scan and candidate gene approaches, we identified four susceptibility loci for GDM. These included three previously reported loci for GDM and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) at MTNR1B (rs7945617, odds ratio [OR], 1.64; 95% confidence interval [CI],1.38 to 1.96]), CDKAL1 (rs7754840, OR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.13 to 1.58), and INS-IGF2-KCNQ1 (rs2237897, OR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.23 to 1.79), as well as a novel genome-wide significant locus near TBR1-SLC4A10 (rs117781972, OR, 2.05; 95% CI, 1.61 to 2.62; Pmeta=7.6×10-9), which has not been previously reported in GWAS for T2DM or glycaemic traits. Moreover, we found that women with a high PRS (top quintile) had over threefold (95% CI, 2.30 to 4.09; Pmeta=3.1×10-14) and 71% (95% CI, 1.08 to 2.71; P=0.0220) higher risk for GDM and abnormal glucose tolerance post-pregnancy, respectively, compared to other individuals. Conclusion Our results indicate that the genetic architecture of glucose metabolism exhibits both similarities and differences between the pregnant and non-pregnant states. Integrating genetic information can facilitate identification of pregnant women at a higher risk of developing GDM or later diabetes.

Background: The genetic basis for hyperglycaemia in pregnancy remain unclear. This study aimed to uncover the genetic determinants of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and investigate their applications. Methods: We performed a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for GDM in Chinese women (464 cases and 1,217 controls), followed by de novo replications in an independent Chinese cohort (564 cases and 572 controls) and in silico replication in European (12,332 cases and 131,109 controls) and multi-ethnic populations (5,485 cases and 347,856 controls). A polygenic risk score (PRS) was derived based on the identified variants. Results: Using the genome-wide scan and candidate gene approaches, we identified four susceptibility loci for GDM. These included three previously reported loci for GDM and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) at MTNR1B (rs7945617, odds ratio [OR], 1.64; 95% confidence interval [CI],1.38 to 1.96]), CDKAL1 (rs7754840, OR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.13 to 1.58), and INS-IGF2-KCNQ1 (rs2237897, OR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.23 to 1.79), as well as a novel genome-wide significant locus near TBR1-SLC4A10 (rs117781972, OR, 2.05; 95% CI, 1.61 to 2.62; Pmeta=7.6×10-9), which has not been previously reported in GWAS for T2DM or glycaemic traits. Moreover, we found that women with a high PRS (top quintile) had over threefold (95% CI, 2.30 to 4.09; Pmeta=3.1×10-14) and 71% (95% CI, 1.08 to 2.71; P=0.0220) higher risk for GDM and abnormal glucose tolerance post-pregnancy, respectively, compared to other individuals. Conclusion Our results indicate that the genetic architecture of glucose metabolism exhibits both similarities and differences between the pregnant and non-pregnant states. Integrating genetic information can facilitate identification of pregnant women at a higher risk of developing GDM or later diabetes.

Objective To explore the correlation of bilateral knee joint strength asymmetry with balance,walking ability,and motor function in hemiplegic stroke patients,providing a reference for clinical assessment of stroke patients.Methods A total of 46 hemiplegic stroke patients admitted to the Rehabilitation Medicine Department of People's Hospital of Shijiazhuang from February to December 2023 were selected.According to the Berg Balance Scale(BBS)scores,patients were divided into Group A(BBS score≤20,n=23)and Group B(BBS score>20,n=23).The peak torque and differences of bilateral knee flexors and extensors were compared between two groups.Isokinetic technology was used to assess the differences in peak torque of bilateral knee joints at 60°/s and 120°/s.BBS,Functional Ambulation Classification(FAC),and Fugl-Meyer Assessment of Lower Extremity(FMA-LE)were used to evaluate patients'balance,walking ability,and lower limb motor function.The correlation between bilateral knee joint peak torque and its difference with the scores of three functional scales was analyzed.Results The peak torque of knee flexors and extensors at 60°/s in group A was significantly lower than that in group B(P<0.05).At both 60°/s and 120°/s the differences in peak torque between the healthy and affected sides of knee flexors and extensors were greater than those in group B(P<0.05).At 60°/s,the difference in peak torque of bilateral knee extensors in hemiplegic stroke patients was negatively correlated with the scores of BBS,FAC,and FMA-LE(r=-0.569,-0.582,-0.606,P<0.01),as did the knee flexors(r=-0.534,-0.386,-0.458,P<0.05).At 120°/s,similar negative correlations were observed for both knee extensors(r=-0.304,-0.304,-0.443,P<0.05)and flexors(r=-0.337,-0.349,-0.370,P<0.05).Conclusions Bilateral knee joint strength asymmetry in hemiplegic stroke patients is negatively correlated with balance and walking ability.The difference in strength between the two sides of knee joint may be one of the clinical indicators for evaluating the motor function of stroke patients.

Objective To explore the predictive value of albumin,hemoglobin and multifactorial model for poor postoperative prognosis in elderly patients with meningioma.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 253 elderly patients who underwent meningioma surgery and were transferred to the neurosurgical intensive care unit(NICU)at General Hospital of Northern Theater Command from January 2019 to September 2021,serving as the modeling cohort.Another 227 elderly patients who were treated in NICU after meningioma surgery from November 2021 to June 2023 were used as the validation cohort.Patients in the modeling cohort were categorized into good prognosis group[Glasgow Coma Scale(GCS)score>7,n=161]and poor prognosis group(GCS≤7,n=92)based on the GCS.Univariate and multifactorial logistic regression analyses were performed on the modeling cohort to identify independent risk factors,and a multifactorial model for predicting poor postoperative prognosis in elderly patients with meningioma was constructed based on these factors.The predictive efficacy and accuracy of the model were evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve(AUC),sensitivity,specificity,Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test,and calibration curves.The predictive value of postoperative albumin,hemoglobin,and the multifactorial models for postoperative prognosis in elderly meningioma patients was assessed using restricted cubic spline modeling(RCS),decision curves(DCA),and validated using an external validation cohort to assess the stability of the model.Results Meningioma WHO grade Ⅱand Ⅲ(OR=3.994,95％CI 1.963-8.126),postoperative hypoalbuminemia(OR=2.194,95％CI 1.079-4.462),and postoperative anemia(OR=2.117,95％CI 1.096-4.089)were identified as independent risk factors for poor postoperative prognosis in elderly meningioma patients(P<0.05),while the use of analgesic/sedative medications was a protective factor(OR=0.388,95％CI 0.201-0.748,P<0.05).The Hosmer-Lemeshow test indicated that the constructed multifactorial model had a good fit accuracy(P=0.161).The AUC for predicting poor postoperative prognosis in elderly meningioma patients for postoperative albumin and hemoglobin were 0.545(95％CI 0.472-0.617)and 0.632(95％CI 0.561-0.702),respectively,and showed a nonlinear dose-response relationship with prognosis(P<0.01).DCA analysis results showed that the net benefit rate of multifactorial model was higher than that of postoperative albumin and hemoglobin when the threshold probabilities were between 0.10 and 0.90.The AUC for predicting postoperative prognosis in the elderly meningioma patients in the modeling and validation cohorts were 0.810 and 0.819,respectively,and their calibration curves suggested good discrimination and accuracy.Conclusions Meningioma WHO grades Ⅱ and Ⅲ,postoperative anemia and hypoalbuminemia are independent risk factors for poor postoperative prognosis in elderly meningioma patients,while the use of analgesic/sedative drugs is a protective factor.The multifactorial model constructed based on these factors has a good predictive efficacy and credibility,and can be used as a reference for clinical decision-making.

Objective To investigate the effects of a 100 mT static magnetic field(SMF)on emotional behavior and brain damage-related molecules in mice.Methods Fifty-eight C57BL/6N mice were randomly divided into control group(n=25)and observation group(n=33).Mice in observation group were exposed to a 100 mT SMF for 0.5 h/d over 14 consecutive days,while mice in control group underwent pseudo-exposure.On the 7 and 14 days of exposure,anxiety-like behavior was assessed using open field and elevated plus maze tests.Cerebral blood flow was monitored using laser speckle imaging,and the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-4,central nervous system specific protein β(S100β),neuron-specific enolase(NSE),and brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)were measured by radioimmunoassay.BDNF expression in the brain was detected by immunofluorescence.Results On the 7 and 14 days of SMF exposure,the open field and elevated plus maze tests showed no statistically significant differences between observation and control groups in the frequencies,durations,and distance entering the central area of the open field and the open arm of the elevated plus maze(P>0.05).Laser speckle imaging revealed no significant difference in cerebral cortical perfusion compared with pre-exposure period(P>0.05).The results of radioimmunoassay showed that compared with control group,on the 7 d of SMF exposure,the serum IL-1β,NSE and S100β levels were significantly increased(P<0.05),the serum BDNF level was significantly decreased(P<0.05),and the IL-1β and TNF-α contents in brain tissues were significantly increased in observation group(P<0.01).On the 14 d of SMF exposure,serum IL-1β,TNF-α,NSE,and S100β levels were significantly increased(P<0.05,P<0.0001),and the brain IL-1β and TNF-α levels were significantly increased(P<0.01)in observation group.No statistically significant differences were found in anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-4 level of serum and brain tissue or BDNF content of brain tissue between the two groups(P>0.05).Conclusion Continuous exposure to a 100 mT SMF for 14 d at 0.5 h/d induces neuroinflammation and brain damage in mice,without inducing anxiety-like behavior.

Objective To establish and evaluate a nomogram prediction model for spontaneous peritonitis in HBV-related primary liver cancer.Methods A retrospective study was conducted on 1298 patients with HBV-related primary liver cancer hospitalized in the Kunming Third People's Hospital from January 2012 to December 2022.General data and serological indicators were collected,and patients were divided into infection group(n=262)and control group(n=1036)based on the occurrence of spontaneous peritonitis.Univariate and LASSO regression analyses were used to screen variables,followed by binary logistic regression to analyze the influencing factors of spontaneous peritonitis in HBV-related primary liver cancer patients,leading to the establishment of a nomogram prediction model.Finally,the Hosmer-lemeshow(H-L)goodness of fit test,receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve,calibration curve,decision curve analysis(DCA)and clinical impact curve(CIC)were utilized to evaluate the fit degree,accuracy,calibration,and clinical practicability of the nomogram prediction model.Results Single factor analysis revealed significant differences between infection group and control group in portal vein cancer thrombus(PVTT),Child-Pugh grade,China Liver Cancer Staging(CNLC)stage,alcohol consumption history,smoking history,white blood cell count(WBC),neutrophil count(NE),hemoglobin(Hb),fibrinogen(FIB),abnormal prothrombin(PIVKA-Ⅱ),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),alanine aminotransferase(ALT),total protein(TP),prealbumin(PA),γ-glutamyltransferase(GGT),alkaline phosphatase(ALP),cholinesterase(CHE),total bile acid(TBA),total cholesterol(TC),low density lipoprotein(LDL),creatinine(Cr),HBV DNA,CD3+T cells count,CD4+T cells count,CD8+T cells count,CD4+T cells/CD8+T cells ratio,procalcitonin(PCT),serum amyloid A(SAA),interleukin-6(IL-6),high-sensitivity C-reactive protein(hs-CRP),alpha-fetoprotein(AFP),and IL-4(P＜0.05).LASSO regression analysis identified 5 variables:Child-Pugh grade,PVTT,WBC,CHE and hs-CRP.Binary logistic regression analysis indicated that Child-Pugh grade(Grade B:OR=5.780,95％CI 3.271-10.213,P＜0.001;Grade C:OR=14.818,95％CI 7.697-28.526,P＜0.001),PVTT(OR=2.893,95％CI 2.037-4.108,P＜0.001),WBC(OR=1.088,95％CI 1.031-1.148,P=0.002),and hs-CRP(OR=1.005,95％CI 1.001-1.010,P=0.026)were the independent risk factors of spontaneous peritonitis in HBV-related primary liver cancer patients.Using these 4 variables,a nomogram prediction model was constructed and evaluated.The P-value of the H-L goodness of fit test was 0.760.Moreover,the area under ROC curve(AUC)was 0.866,with a sensitivity of 0.870 and a specificity of 0.716.The average absolute error of the calibration curve is 0.022.DCA and CIC analyses demonstrated that the nomogram prediction model possessed some clinical utility.Conclusion The nomogram prediction model for spontaneous peritonitis in HBV-related primary liver cancer patients,constructed using Child-Pugh grade,PVTT,WBC and hs-CRP,exhibits a high fitting degree and accuracy,with the prediction probability highly consistent with the actual occurrence probability,and possesses certain clinical practicability.

Early correction of childhood malocclusion is timely managing morphological, structural, and functional abnormalities at different dentomaxillofacial developmental stages. The selection of appropriate imaging examination and comprehensive radiological diagnosis and analysis play an important role in early correction of childhood malocclusion. This expert consensus is a collaborative effort by multidisciplinary experts in dentistry across the nation based on the current clinical evidence, aiming to provide general guidance on appropriate imaging examination selection, comprehensive and accurate imaging assessment for early orthodontic treatment patients.
Humans ; Malocclusion/diagnostic imaging* ; Child ; Consensus

OBJECTIVE: Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignancies seen in clinic and requires novel treatment options. Morin is a natural flavonoid extracted from the flower stalk of a highly valuable medicinal plant Prunella vulgaris L., which exhibits an anti-cancer effect in multiple types of tumors. However, the therapeutic effect and underlying mechanism of morin in treating GC remains elusive. The study aims to explore the therapeutic effect and underlying molecular mechanisms of morin in GC. METHODS: For in vitro experiments, the proliferation inhibition of morin was measured by cell counting kit-8 assay and colony formation assay in human GC cell line MKN45, human gastric adenocarcinoma cell line AGS, and human gastric epithelial cell line GES-1; for apoptosis analysis, microscopic photography, Western blotting, ubiquitination analysis, quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis, flow cytometry, and RNA interference technology were employed. For in vivo studies, immunohistochemistry, biomedical analysis, and Western blotting were used to assess the efficacy and safety of morin in a xenograft mouse model of GC. RESULTS: Morin significantly inhibited the proliferation of GC cells MKN45 and AGS in a dose- and time-dependent manner, but did not inhibit human gastric epithelial cells GES-1. Only the caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK was able to significantly reverse the inhibition of proliferation by morin in both GC cells, suggesting that apoptosis was the main type of cell death during the treatment. Morin induced intrinsic apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner in GC cells, which mainly relied on B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 (BCL-2) associated agonist of cell death (BAD) but not phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-induced protein 1. The upregulation of BAD by morin was due to blocking the ubiquitination degradation of BAD, rather than the transcription regulation and the phosphorylation of BAD. Furthermore, the combination of morin and BCL-2 inhibitor navitoclax (also known as ABT-737) produced a synergistic inhibitory effect in GC cells through amplifying apoptotic signals. In addition, morin treatment significantly suppressed the growth of GC in vivo by upregulating BAD and the subsequent activation of its downstream apoptosis pathway. CONCLUSION Morin suppressed GC by inducing apoptosis, which was mainly due to blocking the ubiquitination-based degradation of the pro-apoptotic protein BAD. The combination of morin and the BCL-2 inhibitor ABT-737 synergistically amplified apoptotic signals in GC cells, which may overcome the drug resistance of the BCL-2 inhibitor. These findings indicated that morin was a potent and promising agent for GC treatment. Please cite this article as: Wang Y, Sun XY, Ma FQ, Ren MM, Zhao RH, Qin MM, Zhu XH, Xu Y, Cao ND, Chen YY, Dong TG, Pan YF, Zhao AG. Morin inhibits ubiquitination degradation of BCL-2 associated agonist of cell death and synergizes with BCL-2 inhibitor in gastric cancer cells. J Integr Med. 2025; 23(3): 320-332.
Humans ; Flavonoids/therapeutic use* ; Stomach Neoplasms/pathology* ; Animals ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/metabolism* ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Apoptosis/drug effects* ; Cell Proliferation/drug effects* ; Ubiquitination/drug effects* ; Mice ; Drug Synergism ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Nude ; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays ; Flavones