Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the pharmacological impact of hesperidin, the main component of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, on depressive behavior and elucidate the mechanism by which hesperidin treats depression, focusing on the gut-brain axis. METHODS: Fifty-four Sprague Dawley male rats were randomly allocated to 6 groups using a random number table, including control, model, hesperidin, probiotics, fluoxetine, and Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium groups. Except for the control group, rats in the remaining 5 groups were challenged with chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) for 21 days and housed in single cages. The sucrose preference test (SPT), immobility time in the forced swim test (FST), and number in the open field test (OFT) were performed to measure the behavioral changes in the rats. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine the levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in brain tissue, and the histopathology was performed to evaluate the changes of colon tissue, together with sequencing of the V3-V4 regions of 16S rRNA gene on feces to explore the changes of intestinal flora in the rats. RESULTS: Compared to the control group, the rats in the model group showed notable reductions in body weight, SPF, and number in OFT (P<0.01). Hesperidin was found to ameliorate depression induced by CUMS, as seen by improvements in body weight, SPT, immobility time in FST, and number in OFT (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Regarding neurotransmitters, it was found that at a dose of 50 mg/kg hesperidin treatment upregulated the levels of 5-HT and BDNF in depressed rats (P<0.05). Compared to the control group, the colon tissue of the model group exhibited greater inflammatory cell infiltration, with markedly reduced numbers of goblet cells and crypts and were significantly improved following treatment with hesperidin. Simultaneously, the administration of hesperidin demonstrated a positive impact on the gut microbiome of rats treated with CUMS, such as Shannon index increased and Simpson index decreased (P<0.01), while the abundance of Pseudomonadota and Bacteroidota increased in the hesperidin-treated group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION The mechanism responsible for the beneficial effects of hesperidin on depressive behavior in rats may be related to inhibition of the expressions of BDNF and 5-HT and preservation of the gut microbiota.
Animals ; Hesperidin/therapeutic use* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Depression/drug therapy* ; Male ; Stress, Psychological/drug therapy* ; Brain/metabolism* ; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/metabolism* ; Serotonin/metabolism* ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects* ; Behavior, Animal/drug effects* ; Rats ; Brain-Gut Axis/drug effects* ; Chronic Disease ; Colon/drug effects*

Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.

Background: In the field of neuroscience research, executive functions (EFs) are of great significance. Patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) often encounter the problem of EFs impairment, which severely affects their lives and health.However, currently, the methods for evaluating EFs in experimental mice are limited, and there is a lack of effective evaluation indicators for touchscreen behavioral tests in different disease model mice. This study aims to establish a paradigm process and an evaluation baseline for touchscreen behavioral analysis in PD model mice, deeply explore the mechanisms of EFs impairment in PD, and provide a crucial foundation for subsequent research and treatment. Methods: Thirty clean - grade SNCA*A53T transgenic mice and forty clean - grade C57BL/6J wild - type mice were selected. For A53T mice, genetic identification was carried out. Molecular biology techniques such as PCR were used to determine their genetic characteristics. Protein detection was conducted through methods like Western blot to clarify the expression of relevant proteins. In terms of behavioral tests, the five - choice serial reaction time task (5 - CSRT) was adopted, and various behavioral data of mice in this task were recorded. Four groups were set up: the control group, the MPTP group. Different groups of mice were given specific treatments. For example, the MPTP group of mice was injected with MPTP to construct a drug - induced PD model. Principal component analysis (PCA) and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to analyze the obtained touchscreen behavioral baseline indicators of mice, and key indicators were screened and evaluated. Results: In the 5 - CSRT, the optimal stage for wild - type C57 mice to achieve an accuracy rate of ≥ 80% was from the 11th to the 13th cycle, while for A53T mice, it was the 11th cycle. The EFs of A53T mice were impaired, with abnormalities in the accuracy rate, trace number, and number of punished times in the 5 - CSRT. When identifying drug - induced PD models, the 13th cycle of the 5 - CSRT was more effective; when identifying transgenic PD models, the 11th cycle was more suitable. Interventions could be carried out after the baseline accuracy rate reached 80%. Through the “genetic - environmental” dual - axis drive, the “chronic - acute” time - dimension complementarity, and the “mechanism - transformation” multi - level verification, the A53T and MPTP dual models were used to comprehensively cover the pathological cycle of PD EFs impairment. Conclusions This study has successfully established a paradigm process and an evaluation baseline for touchscreen behavioral analysis in PD model mice. This provides an important basis for a deep understanding of the mechanisms of EFs impairment in PD patients, has potential guiding significance for the development of intervention strategies and treatment methods for EFs impairment in PD patients, and is expected to promote new progress in PD research in the field of neuroscience.

ObjectiveTo explore the current status and issues regarding the application of ancient books in clinical practice guidelines and expert consensus of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） published in China， and to provide methodological recommendations for the incorporation of ancient books in the development of TCM guidelines. MethodsWe searched China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI）， WanFang Data， VIP， SinoMed， PubMed， Embase， as well as six industry websites including China Association of Chinese Medicine， National Group Standards Information Platform， and Chinese Association of the Integration of Traditional and Western Medicine，etc. TCM clinical practice guidelines or expert consensus issued during January 1st， 2017， to November 26th， 2022 were searched. Clinical practice guidelines or expert consensus that explicitly referred to ancient books were included， and the content regarding the searching for ancient books， sources of access to ancient books， methods of evaluating the level of evidence， methods of evaluating the level of recommendation， and methods of evaluating the evidence for the ancient books were analysed. ResultsA total of 1,215 TCM clinical practice guidelines or expert consensus were retrieved， with 442 articles explicitly mentioning the application of ancient books， including 300 （67.87%） clinical practice guidelines and 142 （32.13%） expert consensus. Sixty of the 442 publications explicitly reported that ancient books searching had been conducted （13.57%）； among these 60 publications 27 （45.00%） explicitly reported ancient books searching strategies， and the most frequent method was manual searching with a total of 24 articles （40.00%）. The most popular search source was Chinese Medical Dictionary， a TCM classics database， with a total of 18 articles. 197 articles （44.57%） explicitly reported the evaluation criteria for the level of evidence， of which 141 articles （71.57%） involved the evaluation criteria for the ancient books； 413 articles （93.44%） mentioned ancient books in the recommendations， and only the source of formula name was mentioned in 409 （99.03%） of the publications. ConclusionThe current application of ancient books in TCM clinical practice guidelines and expert consensus is limited， with issues of non-standard searching and evaluation methods. Standar-dization and uniformity are needed in evidence grading and recommendation standards. Future research should clarify the scope and methods of applying ancient book， emphasize their integration with modern research evidence， and enhance their value and quality in the development of TCM clinical practice guidelines.

In order to standardize the clinical diagnosis and treatment of upper airway cough syndrome (UACS) for children in China, Dongzhimen Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine and Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine initiated the development of this Traditional Chinese Medicine Diagnosis and Treatment Guidelines for Children with Upper Airway cough Syndrome based on evidence-based medical evidence. This guideline will process registration, write a plan, and develop relevant processes and writing norms, develop and publish official documents. This plan mainly introduces the scope of the guidelines, the purpose and significance, the composition of the guidelines working group, the management of conflicts of interest, the collection, selection and determination of clinical problems, the retrieval, screening and rating of evidence, and the consensus of recommendations. Registration information: This study has been registered in the international practice guidelines registry platform with the registration code of PREPARE-2023CN087.

Objective:To explore the effect of online group positive psychological intervention on the professional quality of life and professional values of oncology nurses.Methods:From November 2020 to March 2021, 100 oncology nurses from Peking University Cancer Hospital were selected as the study subjects. The nurses were divided into intervention group (50 cases) and control group (50 cases) by random number table. The control group received routine intervention, and the intervention group received online group intervention with the theme of "happy work" on the basis of the control group. The professional quality of life and professional values of the two groups of nurses were compared before, immediately after, one month and three months after the intervention.Results:Immediately after intervention, the score of compassion satisfaction in the intervention group was higher than that in the control group and before intervention, and the score of burnout was lower than that in the control group and before intervention. One month after the intervention, the score of compassion satisfaction in the intervention group was higher than that in the control group and before intervention. Three months after the intervention, the score of professional values in the intervention group was higher than that before intervention. The above differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:Online group positive psychological intervention can improve the professional quality of life of oncology nurses in a short time, and has an effect on promoting professional values.

BACKGROUND: LY01005 (Goserelin acetate sustained-release microsphere injection) is a modified gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist injected monthly. This phase III trial study aimed to evaluated the efficacy and safety of LY01005 in Chinese patients with prostate cancer. METHODS: We conducted a randomized controlled, open-label, non-inferiority trial across 49 sites in China. This study included 290 patients with prostate cancer who received either LY01005 or goserelin implants every 28 days for three injections. The primary efficacy endpoints were the percentage of patients with testosterone suppression ≤50 ng/dL at day 29 and the cumulative probability of testosterone ≤50 ng/dL from day 29 to 85. Non-inferiority was prespecified at a margin of -10%. Secondary endpoints included significant castration (≤20 ng/dL), testosterone surge within 72 h following repeated dosing, and changes in luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and prostate specific antigen levels. RESULTS: On day 29, in the LY01005 and goserelin implant groups, testosterone concentrations fell below medical-castration levels in 99.3% (142/143) and 100% (140/140) of patients, respectively, with a difference of -0.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], -3.9% to 2.0%) between the two groups. The cumulative probabilities of maintaining castration from days 29 to 85 were 99.3% and 97.8%, respectively, with a between-group difference of 1.5% (95% CI, -1.3% to 4.4%). Both results met the criterion for non-inferiority. Secondary endpoints were similar between groups. Both treatments were well-tolerated. LY01005 was associated with fewer injection-site reactions than the goserelin implant (0% vs . 1.4% [2/145]). CONCLUSION: LY01005 is as effective as goserelin implants in reducing testosterone to castration levels, with a similar safety profile. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04563936.
Humans ; Male ; Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal/therapeutic use* ; East Asian People ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone/agonists* ; Goserelin/therapeutic use* ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; Prostatic Neoplasms/drug therapy* ; Testosterone

Objective To investigate the clinicopathological features,immunohistochemical features,diagnosis,and relationship with sporadic prostate cancer in primary small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the bladder. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical characteristics of 12 patients with primary small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the bladder diagnosed at Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University from January 2013 to September 2022.The histological features of primary small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the bladder were re-evaluated by two pathologists according to the 2022 revision of the World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of the Urinary System and Male Genital Organs.Electronic medical records were retrieved,and telephone follow-up was conducted from the time of histopathological diagnosis to the death or the end of the last follow-up until January 31,2023. Results The 12 patients include 7 patients in pT3 stage and 1 patient in pT4 stage.Eight patients were complicated with other types of tumors,such as high-grade urothelial carcinoma of the bladder and squamous cell carcinoma.Five patients had sporadic prostate cancer.Immunohistochemical staining showed that 12 (100.0%),10 (83.3%),and 8 (66.7%) patients were tested positive for CD56,Syn,and CgA,respectively.The Ki67 proliferation index ranged from 80% to 90%.Five patients with urothelial carcinoma were tested positive for CK20,GATA3,and CK7.P504S was positive in all the 5 patients with prostate cancer,while P63 and 34βE12 were negative.The follow-up of the 12 patients lasted for 3-60 months.Eight of these patients died during follow-up,with the median survival of 15.5 months.Four patients survived. Conclusions Primary small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the bladder is a rare urological tumor with high aggressiveness and poor prognosis.In male patients with bladder prostatectomy,all prostate tissue should be sampled.If prostate cancer is detected,the prostate-specific antigen level should be monitored.
Humans ; Male ; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/pathology* ; Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine/pathology* ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/pathology* ; Urinary Bladder/pathology* ; Retrospective Studies ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; Biomarkers, Tumor

Objective:To investigate the disability status of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in China and to identify the influencing factors of the inflammatory bowel disease disability index (IBD-DI).Methods:From October 1 to December 31, 2021, a total of 1 170 IBD patients were recruited from 7 IBD centers and WeChat public platforms in China. All the patients were surveyed by the IBD-DI questionnaire, which included demographic information, disease activity, medication history, treatment and surgical history. Demographic information included gender, age, income status, etc. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of IBD-DI.Results:Among the 1 170 IBD patients, 746 patients (63.76%) were male and 424 patients (36.24%) were female; there were 871 cases (74.44%) of Crohn′s disease(CD), 277 cases (23.68%) of ulcerative colitis (UC) and 22 cases (1.88%) of inflammatory bowel disease undassified (IBDU). The age was 36.00 years old (29.00 years old, 45.00 years old), and the IBD-DI score was 9.00 (5.00, 15.00). The results of multiple linear regression analysis revealed that the disease activity ( β=0.65, t=22.33, P<0.001), current treatment with enteral nutrition ( β=0.09, t=3.06, P<0.001), and history of perianal surgery ( β=0.06, t=2.12, P=0.034) were influencing factors of IBD-DI in the CD patients. Disease activity ( β=0.65, t=14.37, P<0.001), household per capita annual income ( β=-0.16, t=-3.59, P<0.001), current usage of immunosuppressants ( β=0.12, t=2.66, P=0.008), current treatment with enteral nutrition ( β=0.12, t=2.57, P=0.011), and the duration of each exercise ( β=-0.12, t=-2.67, P=0.008) were influencing factors of IBD-DI in UC patients. Conclusions:Disability is common in Chinese IBD patients, and their IBD-DI were different. Disease activity is the most important factor affecting IBD-DI. The IBD-DI is higher in IBD patients receiving enteral nutrition treatment, CD patients with a history of perianal surgery and UC patients with current usage of immunosuppressants. However, household per capita annual income and the duration of each exercise are negatively correlated with IBD-DI in UC patients.