Objective To investigate the distribution and antimicrobial resistance profiles of the common pathogens isolated from urine from 2015 to 2021 in the CHINET Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Program.Methods The bacterial strains were isolated from urine and identified routinely in 51 hospitals across China in the CHINET Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Program from 2015 to 2021.Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by Kirby-Bauer method,automatic microbiological analysis system and E-test according to the unified protocol.Results A total of 261 893 nonduplicate strains were isolated from urine specimen from 2015 to 2021,of which gram-positive bacteria accounted for 23.8％(62 219/261 893),and gram-negative bacteria 76.2％(199 674/261 893).The most common species were E.coli(46.7％),E.faecium(10.4％),K.pneumoniae(9.8％),E.faecalis(8.7％),P.mirabilis(3.5％),P.aeruginosa(3.4％),SS.agalactiae(2.6％),and E.cloacae(2.1％).The strains were more frequently isolated from inpatients versus outpatients and emergency patients,from females versus males,and from adults versus children.The prevalence of ESBLs-producing strains in E.coli,K.pneumoniae and P.mirabilis was 53.2％,52.8％and 37.0％,respectively.The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant strains in E.coli,K.pneumoniae,P.aeruginosa and A.baumannii was 1.7％,18.5％,16.4％,and 40.3％,respectively.Lower than 10％of the E.faecalis isolates were resistant to ampicillin,nitrofurantoin,linezolid,vancomycin,teicoplanin and fosfomycin.More than 90％of the E.faecium isolates were ressitant to ampicillin,levofloxacin and erythromycin.The percentage of strains resistant to vancomycin,linezolid or teicoplanin was＜2％.The E.coli,K.pneumoniae,P.aeruginosa and A.baumannii strains isolated from ICU inpatients showed significantly higher resistance rates than the corresponding strains isolated from outpatients and non-ICU inpatients.Conclusions E.coli,Enterococcus and K.pneumoniae are the most common pathogens in urinary tract infection.The bacterial species and antimicrobial resistance of urinary isolates vary with different populations.More attention should be paid to antimicrobial resistance surveillance and reduce the irrational use of antimicrobial agents.

Objective:To explore effects of multidisciplinary collaborative continuous care based on WeChat platform on peri-implant tissue of patients with periodontitis.Methods:Stratified sampling was used to select 100 patients with chronic periodontitis who underwent periodontal treatment in Stomatology Center of Shenzhen People's Hospital from March 2019 to March 2020, and their periodontal status was stable and implant restoration was completed. According to admission time, they were divided into the observation group (50 cases, 82 implants) and the control group (50 cases, 78 implants) . The observation group was given continuous care mode of multidisciplinary cooperation based on WeChat platform, while the control group was carried out the conventional continuous care intervention. At 0, 3, 9 and 12 months after completion of implant restoration, the peri-implant index of patients in the two groups were evaluated, including plaque index, periodontal pocket depth and probing bleeding index.Results:Within 12 months after implant restoration, the plaque index of the observation group showed a decreasing trend, while that of the control group showed an increasing trend. At 6 and 12 months after repair, the plaque index of the observation group were lower than that of the control group, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05) . Within 12 months of completion of implant restoration, the depth of periodontal pockets in both groups showed an increasing trend. At 3, 6, and 12 months after the restoration, the depth of periodontal pocket in the observation group were lower than that in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05) . At 12 months after implant restoration, the exploratory bleeding index of the observation group and the control group was respectively 10.22 (0, 19.98) % and 34.23 (16.12, 43.23) %, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:Multidisciplinary collaborative continuous care based on the WeChat platform can effectively control various periodontal indexes of implants in patients with chronic periodontitis, maintain the health of periodontal tissues and help prevent the occurrence of peri-implantitis.

According to the research strategy of resource chemistry of Chinese medicinal materials and Chinese medicinal resources recycling utilization, this study intends to explore the potential resource-oriented utilization value of the seed of Sophora flavescens by contrasting with its kindred plant S. alopecuroides. This study established a rapid UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS and UPLC-TQ-MS/MS method to determine the alkaloids in the seed of S. flavescens. Results of UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS analysis showed that the alkaloids in the seed of S. flavescens were highly similar with S. alopecuroides.In the determination of 7 kinds of alkaloids, the total content was 11.203 and 15.506 mg•g⁻¹ in the seed of S. flavescens and S. alopecuroides, respectively. The content of oxymatrine, oxysophocarpine and sophoridine is high in the seed of S. flavescens. The results indicated that the seeds of S. flavescens. could be an important material resource to obtain alkaloids.

This study intends to explore the potential resource-orientedutilization value of the flower of Sophora flavescents by analyzing alkaloids and flavonoids in the flower of S. flavescens from Shanxi province. This study established a rapid UPLC-TQ-MS/MS method that is used for determination of seven alkaloids and seven flavonoids in the flower of S.flavescens. The different florescences all have the seven detected alkaloids such as cytisine, oxy-matrine, oxy-sophocarpine, sophoridine, N-methylcytisine, matrine, sophocarpine.The total contents of detected alkaloids are as follows: flower buds 1.47%, primal flowers 1.34%, full bloomed flowers 1.17%, faded flowers 1.01%. The top three contents of alkaloids are N-methylcytisine , oxy-sophocarpine and oxymatrine, accounting for about 83% of the total amount of detected alkaloids. All the samples in different florescences have the seven detected flavonoids such as rutin, luteolin, quercetin, isoquercitrin, trifolirhizin, kurarinone, and kushenol I. The total contents of detected alkaloids are as follows: flower buds 495.2 μg•g⁻¹, primal flowers 313.7 μg•g⁻¹, faded flowers 224.2 μg•g⁻¹, full bloomed flowers 193.0 μg•g⁻¹. The content of luteolinis relatively higher than other detected flavonoids, accounting for about 89%-94% of the total amount of detected flavonoids. The results indicated that the flower of S.flavescens could be an important material resource to obtain the resourceful alkaloids. This result can provide scientific basis for resource-oriented utilization and industrial development of the flower of S. flavescens.

One group of Bcl-2 protein family, which shares only the BH3 domain (BH3-only), is critically involved in the regulation of programmed cell death. Herein we demonstrated a novel human BH3-only protein (designated as Bop) which could induce apoptosis in a BH3 domain-dependent manner. Further analysis indicated that Bop mainly localized to mitochondria and used its BH3 domain to contact the loop regions of voltage dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1) in the outer mitochondrial membrane. In addition, purified Bop protein induced the loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential (Δψm) and the release of cytochrome c. Furthermore, Bop used its BH3 domain to contact pro-survival Bcl-2 family members (Bcl-2, Bcl-X(L), Mcl-1, A1 and Bcl-w), which could inhibit Bop-induced apoptosis. Bop would be constrained by pro-survival Bcl-2 proteins in resting cells, because Bop became released from phosphorylated Bcl-2 induced by microtubule-interfering agent like vincristine (VCR). Indeed, knockdown experiments indicated that Bop was partially required for VCR induced cell death. Finally, Bop might need to function through Bak and Bax, likely by releasing Bak from Bcl-X(L) sequestration. In conclusion, Bop may be a novel BH3-only factor that can engage with the regulatory network of Bcl-2 family members to process intrinsic apoptotic signaling.
Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; Cell Line ; Cell Survival ; Humans ; Mice ; Mitochondria ; metabolism ; Mitochondrial Membranes ; metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protein Transport ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Time Factors ; Voltage-Dependent Anion Channel 1 ; metabolism ; bcl-2 Homologous Antagonist-Killer Protein ; metabolism ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein ; metabolism

Objective To investigate the prevalence of high risk human papillomavirus (HPV) genital infection and cervical cancer in adult women from Shenzhen.Methods Cluster sampling was used to investigate the prevalence of HPV infection and cervical cancer from women aged 20-59 years old living in Luohu,Futian,Nanshan,Longgang and Baoan districts in Shenzhen from April 2006 to April 2010.All women were detected for liquid-based cytology test (LCT) or Thinprep cytologic test (TCT)and high-risk HPV-DNA test with hybrid capture Ⅱ (HC-Ⅱ ).All women with ≥ASC-US by cytology and/or a positive HC- Ⅱ test were asked to return for colposcopy and four-quadrant biopsy.Endocervical curettage was performed.Pathological finding were used as the gold standard of the diagnosis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.Results 10 210 women were involved in the study and 10 017 of them having completed data.The overall positive rate of high-risk HPV-DNA was 16.29％.HPV positive rates in 20-,30-,35-,40-,45-,50-59 age groups were 17.37％,15.59％,16.33％,14.74％,17.16％ and 17.98％,respectively.The curve of HPV infection rates in different age groups appeared a ‘W' shape.HPV infection rates in the 25-years-olds and 50-59 year-olds groups were significantly higher than the other age groups (x2=4.50,P=0.03 ).The overall prevalence rate of cervical intraepithelial lesions (CIN) was 7.52％,of which the prevalence rates of low-grade cervical intraepithelial lesions (CIN Ⅰ) was 5.32％ high-grade cervical intraepithelial lesions (CIN Ⅱ/Ⅲ ) was 2.21％,cervical cancer was 0.12％.The prevalence of CIN Ⅰ was significantly higher than the CIN Ⅱ/Ⅲ (x2=134.15,P＜0.001 ).The prevalence of cervical cancer in 45- age group was 0.12％,the highest.HPV infection rates increased with the grades of cervical lesions including women without CIN as 44.31％,in CIN Ⅰ as 70.73％,in CIN Ⅱ as 86.73％,and in CIN Ⅲ as 96.75％ and in cancer as 100.00％.The HPV infection rates were different in districts (x2=17.81,P=0.03 ),with Futian and Luohu higher than those of Nanshan,Longgang and Baoan district.The prevalence rate of CIN in Baoan was lower than other districts.The CIN prevalence rates were not significantly different among the other districts of Shenzhen (x2=4.84,P=0.18).Conclusion The prevalence of cervical cancer was low in adult women living in Shenzhen,with cervical lesions still in the early stage.Prevention of HPV infection and treatment of CIN were the key points for the prevention of cervical cancer.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the prevalence of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) and incidence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) in female populations in Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China.

METHODSTotally 1137 women aged 15-59 from Shahe Community, Nanshan District, Shenzhen were investigated for cervical cancer during an population-based epidemiological screening from November 2004 to December 2004. Visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA), colposcopy, liquid-based cytology test (LCT), and hybrid capture 2 (HC-) were performed to detect the high-risk HPV types in cervical secretions. Biopsy under colposcope was performed in women who were HPV-positive with LCT >or= atypical squamous cells of undetermined sign (ASCUS) or HPV-negative with LCT >or= low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), with the pathological results as the golden standards.

RESULTSThe detection rate of high-risk HPV-DNA was 14.0%. HPV detection rates in 15-24, 25-29, 30-34, 35-39, 40-44, 45-49, and 50-59 age groups were 15.5%, 17.7%, 12.6%, 8.8%, 10.2%, 15.3%, and 21.0%, respectively (P < 0.05). HPV detection rates in 25-29 years group and 50-59 years group were significantly higher than those in other groups (P < 0.05) and 35-39 group had the lowest detection rate. The curve of HPV infection rates in all groups was 'V' type. The overall incidence of CIN was 4.4%. The incidences of CIN , CIN , and CIN were 3.2%, 1.0%, and 0.3%, respectively, in which the incidence of CIN was significantly higher than those of CIN and . HPV detection rates increased with cervical lesion grades, which in >or=CIN groups and normal group were 100.0% and 8.3%, respectively. No cervical cancer was identified in this research. The sensitivities of VIA, colposcopy, LCT, and HC-II for high-risk HPV screening were 35.7%, 50.0%, 92.9%,and 100%, respectively, in detecting high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL), the specificities of these four methods were 96.0%, 87.2%, 88.4%, and 86.9%, respectively. Satisfactory negative predictive values were obtained for all methods.

CONCLUSIONSHPV infection is the main risk factor for CIN. Cervical cancer among female populations in Shenzhen is still in early stages. Prevention of HPV infection and treatment of CIN are key for the prevention of cervical cancer.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia ; epidemiology ; Chi-Square Distribution ; China ; epidemiology ; DNA, Viral ; isolation & purification ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Mass Screening ; methods ; Middle Aged ; Papillomaviridae ; genetics ; Papillomavirus Infections ; epidemiology ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; Young Adult

Objective To evaluate the value of cervical cytology and hybrid capture Ⅱ (HC-Ⅱ) human papillomavarus (HPV) test for screening cervical lesion. Methods Conventional papanicolaou (Pap) smear by improved take-samples, liquid-based cytology test (LCT) and HC-Ⅱ human papillomavarus test were performed in 425 women in Shang Mei-lin community of Futian region in Shenzhen city, from December 2007 to March 2008 and the above methods were performed in 75 women in Shenzhen Hospital of Peking University at the same time. Age stratified sampling was used. Samples of Pap were taken a broom-type sampling device (take-samples used for LCT) with split-sampling method. Those women with HPV-positive, Pap≥atypical squamous cells of undetermined sign (ASCUS) or LCT≥ASCUS received multi-spot biopsy and endocervical curettage under colposcopy. Final diagnosis would depend on pathological findings as well, to evaluate the values of Pap, LCT, HC-Ⅱ HPV, Pap-HPV parallel test, LCT-HPV parallel test, Pap-HPV serial test and LCT-HPV serial test for the screening program on cervical cancer. Results (1) In this study, 7 women bad cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) Ⅱ, another 7 had CIN Ⅲ, 1 had cervical cancer in the community; 9 had CIN Ⅱ, 11 had CIN Ⅲ, 3 had cervical cancer in the hospital, respectively. (2) The sensitivity of HC-Ⅱ HPV and cytology-HPV parallel test for detecting≥CIN Ⅱ was >95.0% while negative pre-value were nearly 100.0%. (3) There were no significant differences of screening effectiveness and unsatisfactory rates between Pap of improved take-samples and LCT. (4) The cost-effectiveness ratio of Pap-HPV parallel test was higher than LCT-HPV parallel test. Conclusion It was suggested that the first choice for screening of cervical serious lesion were HC-Ⅱ HPV and cytology-HPV parallel test while Pap-HPV parallel test was the best method for screening purposes.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Antigens, CD ; metabolism ; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins ; metabolism ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; metabolism ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; blood ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor ; Up-Regulation ; Young Adult

Humans ; Interferon-gamma ; therapeutic use ; Liver Cirrhosis ; drug therapy