The study aims to examine the effects and potential mechanisms of disulfiram (DSF) on cardiac hypertrophic injury, focusing on the role of transforming growth factor-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1)-mediated pan-apoptosis (PANoptosis). H9C2 cardiomyocytes were treated with angiotensin II (Ang II, 1 µmol/L) to establish an in vitro model of myocardial hypertrophy. DSF (40 µmol/L) was used to treat cardiomyocyte hypertrophic injury models, either along or in combination with the TAK1 inhibitor, 5z-7-oxozeaenol (5z-7, 0.1 µmol/L). We assessed cell damage using propidium iodide (PI) staining, measured cell viability with CCK8 assay, quantified inflammatory factor levels in cell culture media via ELISA, detected TAK1 and RIPK1 binding rates using immunoprecipitation, and analyzed the protein expression levels of key proteins in the TAK1-mediated PANoptosis pathway using Western blot. In addition, the surface area of cardiomyocytes was measured with Phalloidin staining. The results showed that Ang II significantly reduced the cellular viability of H9C2 cardiomyocytes and the binding rate of TAK1 and RIPK1, significantly increased the surface area of H9C2 cardiomyocytes, PI staining positive rate, levels of inflammatory factors [interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-18, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α)] in cell culture media and p-TAK1/TAK1 ratio, and significantly up-regulated key proteins in the PANoptosis pathway [pyroptosis-related proteins NLRP3, Caspase-1 (p20), and GSDMD-N (p30), apoptosis-related proteins Caspase-3 (p17), Caspase-7 (p20), and Caspase-8 (p18), as well as necroptosis-related proteins p-MLKL, RIPK1, and RIPK3]. DSF significantly reversed the above changes induced by Ang II. Both 5z-7 and exogenous IL-1β weakened these cardioprotective effects of DSF. These results suggest that DSF may alleviate cardiac hypertrophic injury by inhibiting TAK1-mediated PANoptosis.
Animals ; MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases/physiology* ; Rats ; Myocytes, Cardiac/pathology* ; Disulfiram/pharmacology* ; Cardiomegaly ; Apoptosis/drug effects* ; Cell Line ; Angiotensin II ; Necroptosis/drug effects* ; Interleukin-1beta/metabolism* ; Receptor-Interacting Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism* ; Lactones ; Resorcinols ; Zearalenone/administration & dosage*

Objective To analyze the serum metabolomic changes of preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia(BPD)at postmenstrual age(PMA)36 weeks,screen potential biomarkers and associated metabolic pathways,and assess their relationship with short-term respiratory outcomes.Methods A retrospective case-control study was conducted.Infants with gestational age 28-32 weeks admitted to the Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University from January to December 2024 were included.Twenty infants with BPD and 20 gestational age-,birth weight-,and sex-matched non-BPD preterm infants were included.Serum collected at PMA 36 weeks was subjected to untargeted metabolomics analysis,and associations with short-term respiratory outcomes were analyzed.Results Thirteen potential biomarkers distinguishing BPD were identified(area under the curve>0.75,P<0.05).Eight biomarkers—including terephthalic acid,phosphatidylinositol,fumarate,and lysophosphatidic acid—were significantly upregulated(FC≥1.5),while five biomarkers,such as 7α-hydroxy-3-oxo-4-cholestenoate ester and phosphatidylcholine,were significantly downregulated(FC≤1/1.5).Pathway analysis indicated five pathways associated with BPD,including glycerophospholipid metabolism and phenylalanine metabolism.Dysregulation of glycerophospholipid and bile acid metabolism may affect adverse short-term respiratory outcomes in infants with BPD.Conclusions The 13 significantly different metabolites may serve as biomarkers for the diagnosis of BPD.Glycerophospholipid metabolism is associated with the occurrence of BPD and with adverse short-term respiratory outcomes.

Objective To study the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndromes of patients with chronic heart failure(CHF)combined with diuretic resistance by using the Wenyang Huayin Yangxin Prescription,and to observe its therapeutic efficacy.Methods A total of 68 CHF patients complicated with diuretic resistance and who had Yangqi deficiency and presenting blood stasis syndrome combined with Tanyin were randomly assigned to a control group and an observation group.The control group was given intravenous furosemide(≥ 80 mg/d)via infusion pump in addition to standard Western medical treatment,while the observation group was given intravenous furosemide(＜80 mg/d)via infusion pump along with the Wenyang Huayin Yangxin Prescription(30 g Astragalus,15 g Poria,15 g Baizhu,15 g Chuanxiong,10 g Danfu tablet,10 g Cassia,10 g Alisma,and 10 g Zhimu).The quantitative index of diuretic resistance was used as the primary outcome measure.In addition,the differences between the two groups in TCM syndromes,cardiac function-related indicators,incidence of endpoint events,and readmission rate were compared.Results After 2 weeks of treatment,the filtration sodium excretion fraction(FENa)in the observation group was(0.18±0.04)％,while that of the control group was(0.16±0.03)％,showing a statistically significant difference(P=0.037).The 24-hour urine volume and urine Na+/K+ratio in the observation group increased significantly from baseline levels and were higher than those in the control group(P＜0.05).The differences in the changes of 24-hour urine volume,urine sodium,FENa,and urine Na+/K+ratio between the two groups were statistically significant(P＜0.05).The TCM syndrome scores decreased in both groups after 2 weeks of treatment,with the observation group showing a significantly greater reduction compared with the control group(P＜0.001).The differences in the changes of TCM syndrome scores between the two groups were statistically significant(P＜0.001).After 2 weeks of treatment,the observation group showed significant improvements in palpitations,shortness of breath,facial and limb edema,spontaneous sweating,chest tightness(pain),asthma,and oliguria compared with the baseline data(P＜0.05),while the control group showed improvements only in facial and limb edema,asthma,and oliguria(P＜0.05).Except for the asthma syndrome after 2 weeks of treatment,the observation group showed better outcomes in spontaneous sweating,chest tightness(pain),asthma,and oliguria at various time points after treatment compared with the control group(P＜0.05).After 2 weeks of treatment,the observation group had significantly better cardiac output(CO)and stroke volume(SV)compared with those of the control group(P＜0.05).The differences in the changes in N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide(NT-proBNP),left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF),SV,and CO between the two groups were statistically significant(P＜0.05).After 24 weeks of follow-up,no significant differences in the incidence of end-point events or readmission rates between the two groups were observed.Conclusion The Wenyang Huayin Yangxin Prescription,combined with low-dose intravenous furosemide administered through an infusion pump,can improve the TCM syndromes of patients with Yangqi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome combined with Tanyin in addition to CHF complicated by diuretic resistance.This treatment improves the patients'heart function and diuretic resistance,reduces the intravenous dosage of diuretic,and enhances clinical efficacy.This approach should be more widely applied in clinical settings.

Objective To modify the YOLOv5 algorithm with similarity attention mechanism(SimAM)to enhance the recognition and segmentation accuracy of CT images for cerebral hemorrhage.Methods A basic framework was established with a YOLOv5 algorithm consisting of a backbone network(Backbone),a neck module(Neck)and a head module(Head),and then SimAM was introduced at the end of Backbone to form a YOLOv5-Sim-B algorithm and at the end of Neck to construct a YOLOv5-Sim-N algorithm.The YOLOv5-Sim-B and YOLOv5-Sim-N algorithms were trained and validated using the CT image dataset for cerebral hemorrhage publicly available on the Kaggle competition platform,and compared with the traditional YOLOv5 algorithm for recognizing and segmenting cerebral hemorrhagic lesions in CT images.Results In case the value of IoU-T was 0.6,the mean average precision(mAP)was 0.967 for YOLOv5-Sim-B algorithm,0.960 for the YOLOv5-Sim-N algorithm and 0.964 for the traditional YOLOv5 algorithm during the recognition and segmentation of cerebral hemorrhagic lesions in CT images.Conclusion The proposed algorithm gains advantages in detection accuracy and robustness,and can efficiently identify and segment cerebral hemorrhage foci in CT images.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2025,46(5):1-8]

Objective To analyze the correlation between right atrial strain at various stages and various influencing factors in patients with pulmonary hypertension,and to explore the role of right atrial strain in the assessment of pulmonary hypertension.Methods A total of 239 cases diagnosed with pulmonary hypertension who underwent echocardiography and complete right heart catheterization at hospital from October 2021 to December 2023 were included.Conventional ultrasound parameters such as right heart strain,right atrial area(RA area),inferior vena cava diameter(IVC diameter),and collapse rate of the inferior vena cava(IVC diameter changes)were measured.The heart rate(HR)corresponding to the ultrasound images were recorded.General information such as age and gender,as well as catheter data including mean right atrial pressure(mRAP),mean pulmonary artery pressure(mPAP),and pulmonary vascular resistance(PVR),were collected.The relationship between right atrial strain and its influencing factors was analyzed,and further analysis was conducted by dividing into shunt group and non-shunt group based on the presence or absence of left-to-right shunt disease.Results The correlation with RA reservoir strain(RASr)from high to low is RV global strain(RV4CSL),RV free wall strain(RVFWSL),RA area,IVC diameter,mRAP,age,HR,and PVR;the correlation with RAconduit strain(RAScd)from high to low is RV4CSL,RVFWSL,RA area,IVC diameter,mRAP,age,PVR,and HR;the correlation with RA contraction strain(RASct)from high to low is RA area,RV4CSL,RVFWSL,mRAP,IVC diameter,and HR.The collapse rate of the inferior vena cava is correlated with strain at various stages of the right atrium;gender is correlated with RASr and RASct.Conclusions Right atrial strain can reflect changes in right atrial function,with the highest correlation to right ventricular strain and right atrial area.Right atrial strain can indicate the severity of right ventricular function and right atrial remodeling,serving as an evaluative index for the condition and treatment outcomes of pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of facilitated percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)with half-dose recombinant staphylokinase(r-SAK)in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI)who are expected to undergo PCI within 120 minutes.Methods From October 2021 to August 2022,a total of 200 STEMI patients in eight centers were included and randomly assigned in a 1﹕1 ratio to either r-SAK group or control group.Patients received loading doses of aspirin and ticagrelor and intravenous heparin and were randomized to receive an intravenous bolus of either 5 mg r-SAK or normal saline prior to PCI.The outcomes were set as ST-segment resolution(STR)at 60-90 minutes after PCI,the proportion and transition of pathological Q waves on the 5th day after PCI,and the proportion of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T(hs-cTnT)peaking within 12 hours of onset.The safety outcome was major bleeding events defined as Bleeding Academic Research Consortium(BARC)≥type 3 bleeding during hospitalization.Results Compared with the control group,the r-SAK group had a higher proportion of STR≥70%within 60-90 minutes after PCI(58.3%vs.40.3%,P=0.009);a lower proportion of pathological Q waves(59.1%vs.74.1%,P=0.040);a lower rate of Q wave progression(14.8%vs.43.2%,P＜0.001);a higher rate of Q wave disappearance(12.5%vs.3.7%,P=0.027);and a higher proportion of hs-cTnT peaking within 12 hours of symptom onset[31/40(77.5%)vs.17/33(51.5%),P=0.027].Regarding the safety outcome,no significant difference in BARC≥type 3 bleeding was found between the two groups during hospitalization(P＞0.05).Conclusions For STEMI patients who were expected to undergo primary PCI within 120 minutes of symptom onset,the facilitated PCI with half-dose r-SAK significantly increased the proportion of STR≥70%at 60-90 minutes after PCI,reduced the formation of pathological Q waves,and shortened the time to peak hs-cTnT,without increasing the risk of bleeding,which should be an alternative reperfusion strategy worthy of further study.

Objective:To investigate the association of blood lipids and body mass index (BMI) with hyperuricemia (HUA) in the elderly.Methods:It was a cross-sectional study. A total of 114 391 elderly individuals received health examinations at primary healthcare institutions in Wujin District from January to December in 2022. The health examination included questionnaire survey, physical examination and laboratory examination. The multivariate logistic regression and restricted cubic spline (RCS) plots were used to analyze the association and dose-response relationship of blood lipid and BMI with HUA. The mediating effect model was used to explore the mediation effect of BMI on the association between blood lipid and HUA.Results:Among the 112 415 subjects, 18 506 (16.46%) were checked with HUA. After adjusting for relevant confounders, total cholesterol (TC) ( OR=1.20, 95% CI: 1.16-1.23), triglyceride (TG) ( OR=1.46, 95% CI: 1.44-1.49), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ( OR=0.74, 95% CI: 0.73-0.76), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) ( OR=1.14, 95% CI: 1.12-1.15) and BMI ( OR=1.42, 95% CI: 1.39-1.44) were all associated with HUA (all P0.05). The RCS analysis revealed that TG, HDL-C, and LDL-C each exhibited a nonlinear dose-response relationship with HUA, the inflection points was 3.00 mmol/L, 1.57 mmol/L and 2.50 mmol/L, respectively (all P-nonlinear0.001). The results of interaction showed that there were additive interaction between high TC( S=1.27 , 95% CI: 1.17-1.37), high TG( S=1.32 , 95% CI: 1.25-1.40), high LDL-C( S=1.23 , 95% CI: 1.14-1.34) and overweight/obesity with HUA (all P0.05). The results of mediation effect analysis showed that the mediation effect of BMI on the association between blood lipids (HDL-C, LDL-C, TG and TC) and HUA, from high to low, were as follows: 22.5% (95% CI: 20.8%-24.2%), 13.9% (95% CI: 12.0%-16.2%), 13.5% (95% CI: 12.7%-14.4%) and-3.9% (95% CI:-6.6%--1.8%). Conclusion:The blood lipid levels and BMI are positively correlated with HUA in the elderly.

Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.

AIM To investigate the variations in mercury dissolution from HgS-containing traditional medicines in three kinds of simulated gastrointestinal dissolution media.METHODS 39 batches of 15 types of HgS-containing traditional medicines were collected,total mercury content and dissolved mercury concentrations in simulated gastric fluid,simulated intestinal fluid,and L-cysteine-containing simulated intestinal fluid were measured.The maximum daily intake of total mercury and soluble mercury was calculated based on the maximum daily clinical dosage.RESULTS Among the 15 types of medicines,the maximum daily intake of total mercury varied by 156 times,the daily intake of soluble mercury varied by 3 502 times in simulated gastric fluid,313 times in simulated intestinal fluid,and 10 663 times in L-cysteine-containing simulated intestinal fluid,approximately.CONCLUSION For the 15 types of HgS-containing traditional medicines,the daily maximum intake of soluble mercury showed greater variations than that of total mercury.Soluble mercury concentration is more closely correlated with intestinal absorption of mercury and thus represents a more rational quality control indicator for HgS-containing traditional medicines.

The plants of the genus Caragana Fabr. are desert plants of the Leguminosae family, which are widely used in traditional ethnomedicine, with the effects of nourishing Yin and nourishing blood, dispelling wind and removing dampness, clearing heat and detoxifying toxins. The anti-inflammatory effect of Caragana Fabr. has attracted much attention, the research on the related mechanism has made some progress, but it lacks systematic collation. By summarising the anti-inflammatory effects of the active ingredients of Caragana Fabr., the authors found that they have good anti-inflammatory activities on different inflammatory cell models in vitro, and have good improvement effects on rheumatoid arthritis, colitis, complex nephritis, and acute lung injury and other disease models. The anti-inflammatory effects of the active components of this genus mainly include the reduction of the levels of a variety of pro-inflammatory factors, and the signalling pathways involved mainly include TLR4/NF-κB, TLR4/MAPK, TLR4/NF-κB/IRF3, JAK/STAT-1, ERK/STAT-1 and so on. Therefore, the paper mainly reviews the research progress on the anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms of the Caragana Fabr. plants and their active components according to disease types, with a view to providing reference for the in-depth study of their anti-inflammatory activities and the development of new products with related functions.