BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Lutein, a dietary carotenoid, plays a crucial role in protecting eye health as an anti-inflammatory agent and antioxidant. Green leafy vegetables constitute a major source of lutein; however, comparative studies on different consumption methods are limited. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the bioavailability of lutein from lutein-rich foods, namely, raw vegetables and raw vegetable juice. SUBJECTS/METHODS: In this study, 18 adults were recruited. They were randomly divided into three groups: commercial lutein supplement (LUT, 20 mg), raw vegetable (RV), and raw vegetable juice (RVJ) groups. Blood was collected at 0-, 4-, 6-, 8-, 12-, 24-, and 30-h intervals after the consumption of each test meal. Participants’ serum lutein levels were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Considering lutein’s wellestablished anti-inflammatory properties, changes in inflammatory status were assessed by measuring serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels. Furthermore, urinary metabolomic profiling was conducted using 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to evaluate metabolic alterations. RESULTS: After consuming each lutein-rich food, participants’ blood lutein levels were analyzed, and the serum concentration peaked at 12 h (0.37 ± 0.13 μg/mL), 24 h (0.61 ± 0.18 μg/mL), and 30 h (0.42 ± 0.16 μg/mL) after RV, LUT, and RVJ consumption, respectively.Additionally, hs-CRP levels decreased following lutein-rich food consumption. Twelve hours after consumption, hs-CRP levels decreased to 0.81 and 0.83 mg/L in the RV and RVJ groups, respectively. Twenty-four hours after consumption, they further decreased to 0.68 and 0.74 mg/L in the LUT and RVJ groups, respectively. Thirty hours after consumption, a reduction to 0.61 mg/L was observed in the RVJ group. Furthermore, after consuming each luteinrich food, N-acetyl glycoprotein levels decreased at 24 h, reflecting metabolic alterations potentially associated with lutein metabolism. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that the short-term consumption of lutein-rich foods, regardless of their type or source, potentially yields health benefits.

OBJECTIVE: We undertook this study to investigate the discriminant metabolites in urine from patients with established rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and from healthy individuals. METHODS: Urine samples were collected from 148 RA patients, 41 SLE patients and 104 healthy participants. The urinary metabolomic profiles were assessed using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The relationships between discriminant metabolites and clinical variables were assessed. Collagen-induced arthritis was induced in mice to determine if a choline-rich diet reduces arthritis progression. RESULTS: The urinary metabolic fingerprint of patients with established RA differs from that of healthy controls and SLE patients. Markers of altered gut microbiota (trimethylamine-N-oxide, TMAO), and oxidative stress (dimethylamine) were upregulated in patients with RA. In contrast, markers of mitochondrial dysfunction (citrate and succinate) and metabolic waste products (p-cresol sulfate, p-CS) were downregulated in patients with RA. TMAO and dimethylamine were negatively associated with serum inflammatory markers in RA patients. In particular, patients with lower p-CS levels exhibited a more rapid radiographic progression over two years than did those with higher p-CS levels. The in vivo functional study demonstrated that mice fed with 1% choline, a source of TMAO experienced a less severe form of collagen-induced arthritis than did those fed a control diet. CONCLUSION: Patients with RA showed a distinct urinary metabolomics pattern. Urinary metabolites can reflect a pattern indicative of inflammation and accelerated radiographic progression of RA. A choline-rich diet reduces experimentally-induced arthritis. This finding suggests that the interaction between diet and the intestinal microbiota contributes to the RA phenotype.
Animals ; Arthritis* ; Arthritis, Experimental ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid* ; Choline ; Dermatoglyphics ; Diet* ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Healthy Volunteers ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Metabolome* ; Metabolomics ; Mice ; Oxidative Stress ; Phenotype* ; Spectrum Analysis ; Waste Products

No abstract available.
Bone Marrow/metabolism/pathology ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Gene Rearrangement, T-Lymphocyte ; Humans ; Immunophenotyping ; Infant ; Lymphohistiocytosis, Hemophagocytic/*diagnosis ; Male ; Membrane Proteins/chemistry/genetics ; Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational ; Republic of Korea ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology/*metabolism

PURPOSE: The precise role of laparoscopic liver resection in liver malignancies remains controversial despite an increasing number of publications that have used the laparoscopic resection of benign liver tumors. This study was performed to assess the feasibility, safety, and outcome of laparoscopic liver resection for malignant liver tumors. METHODS: This study is a retrospective review of the profiles, pathology, surgery and outcome performed on 61 patients who had undergone laparoscopic liver resection for liver malignancies between January 2004 and March 2011. RESULTS: Among the 61 patients, 34 patients had hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), 24 patients had liver metastasis. The mean tumor size was 2.8 +/- 2.0 cm (mean +/- standard deviation). Tumors located at Couinaud segment number 2 to 8. The resection included 36 anatomical resections, 25 wedge resections. The mean surgical time was 209.7 +/- 108.9 minutes. There was one operation that resulted in death. Postoperative complications occurred in 9 patients (14%). There were 2 conversions to laparotomy (3%). The mean postoperative hospital stay was 9.0 +/- 4.4 days. Blood transfusion was needed in 11 patients (18%). The mean surgical margin was 1.3 +/- 1.2 cm. The mean follow-up period was 18.1 +/- 11.1 months. The three-year overall survival rate was 87% for patients with HCC and 95% for patients having liver metastases from colorectal cancer. CONCLUSION: Even though laparoscopic liver resection requires a learning curve, it produced acceptable outcomes even in patients who had a malignant liver tumor. This study provides evidence to support further investigation and the establishment of laparoscopic liver resection for malignant liver tumors.
Blood Transfusion ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hepatectomy ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; Laparotomy ; Learning Curve ; Length of Stay ; Liver ; Liver Neoplasms ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Operative Time ; Postoperative Complications ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate

OBJECTIVE: We observed patients in whom the fluid collection in the right lateral portion of the superior aortic recess on computed tomography (CT) scans mimicked a right anterior mediastinal mass on chest PA radiographs. The purpose of this study was to assess chest PA and CT features of these patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All chest PA radiographs and CT scans in 9 patients were reviewed by two radiologists on a consensus basis; for the presence of pleural effusion, pulmonary edema and heart size on chest PA radiographs. For the portion of the fluid collection in the superior aortic recess (SAR), a connection between the right lateral portion of the SAR (rSAR) and posterior portion of the SAR (pSAR) on CT scans, and the distance between the right lateral margin of the rSAR and the right lateral margin of the superior vena cava. RESULTS: Fluid collection in the rSAR on CT scans caused a right anterior mediastinal mass or a bulging contour on chest PA radiographs in all women patients. All patients showed cardiomegaly, five patients had pleural effusion, and two patients had mild pulmonary edema. Further, eight patients showed a connection between the rSAR and the pSAR. CONCLUSION: The characteristic features of these patients are the right anterior mediastinal mass-like opacity due to fluid collection in the rSAR, are bulging contour with a smooth margin and cardiomegaly regardless of pulmonary edema on the chest PA radiographs, and fluid connection between the rSAR and the pSAR on CT scans.
Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Aorta, Thoracic/*radiography ; Cardiomegaly/radiography ; Contrast Media/diagnostic use ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Mediastinal Diseases/*radiography ; Middle Aged ; Pleural Effusion/*radiography ; Pulmonary Edema/*radiography ; Radiography, Thoracic/*methods ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed/*methods

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate which clinical variables might influence the antiobsessional responses to proserotonergic drugs in a sample of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). METHODS: Two hundred forty-nine patients with DSM-IV OCD under-gone mean 13-month treatments with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. According to the treatment response, defined as a reductions of the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) total score > or =35%, patients were divided into two groups. RESULTS: One hundred fourteen patients responded to the treatment and the other one hundred thirty five patients did not. Responders had a significant long duration of medication in YUMC OCD clinic, short total duration of past treatment in other institutes, and higher frequency of drug naive cases and lower baseline Y-BOCS scores. CONCLUSION: The pre-treatment factors including total duration of past treatment, drug naive or not, baseline OCD symptoms and the factor of duration of the treatment may influence drug treatment response in OCD patients.
Academies and Institutes ; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ; Humans ; Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder ; Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors

PURPOSE: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the best treatment choice for acute cholecystitis. However, it still carries high conversion and mortality rates. The purpose of this study was to find out better treatment strategies for high surgical risk patients with acute cholecystitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between January 2002 and June 2008, we performed percutaneous cholecystostomy instead of emergency cholecystectomy in 44 patients with acute cholecystitis and American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification 3 or greater. This was performed in 31 patients as a bridge procedure before elective cholecystectomy (bridge group) and as a palliative procedure in 11 patients (palliation group). RESULTS: The mean age of patients was 71.6 years (range 52-86 years). The mean ASA classifications before and after percutaneous cholecystostomy were 3.3 +/- 0.5 and 2.5 +/- 0.6, respectively, in the bridge group, and 3.6 +/- 0.7 and 3.1 +/- 1.0, in the palliation group, respectively. Percutaneous cholecystostomy was technically successful in all patients. There were two deaths after percutaneous cholecystostomy in the palliation group due to underlying ischemic heart disease and multiple organ failure. Resumption of oral intake was possible 2.9 +/- 1.8 days in the bridge group and 3.9 +/- 3.5 days in the palliation group after percutaneous cholecystostomy. We attempted 17 laparoscopic cholecystectomies and experienced one failure due to bile duct injury (success rate: 94.1%). The postoperative course of all cholecystectomy patients was uneventful. CONCLUSION: Percutaneous cholecystostomy is an effective bridge procedure before cholecystectomy in patients with acute cholecystitis and ASA classification 3 or greater.

OBJECTIVES: Oriental medicine has affected the way in which Koreans seek psychiatric help and how they understand psychiatric symptoms and mental illnesses. In this study, we investigated the concept of psychosis in traditional oriental medicine and compared it with how modern western medicine understands the same concept. METHODS: We searched for descriptions of psychotic symptoms or illnesses in traditional medical documents of various periods. Four psychiatrists then analyzed the contents of these descriptions in terms of DSM-IV. RESULTS: The concept of psychosis in oriental medicine has two symptom domains: positive and negative symptoms, which are similar to the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia in modern psychiatry. However, there were differences in the basic concepts of disease entities and in the approaches to the illness. CONCLUSION: This descriptive study showed that, in oriental medicine, psychopathology is based on oriental philosophy, and that this creates wide differences between oriental and western medicine.
Medicine, East Asian Traditional ; Medicine, Traditional ; Philosophy ; Psychiatry ; Psychopathology ; Psychotic Disorders ; Schizophrenia

No abstract available.

OBJECTIVES: In addition to the main symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which include reexperience, avoidance and hyperarousal, many patients complain of cognitive deficits and especially in attention and memory. This study was conducted to evaluate the cognitive deficits of survivors of a tragic shooting incident at a frontline guard post. All of the survivors experienced the same accident, and they were homogeneous in terms of age and education level, which are closely associated with cognitive performance. METHODS: We recruited 12 survivors who suffered from PTSD following the same traumatic incident and we also recruited 12 normal volunteers, and we assessed their neurocognitive functions with using a vigilance test, a continuous attention test, a reaction unit test and the Corsi block tapping test in the computerized Vienna Test System, as well as an auditory verbal learning test and complex figure test in the Rey-Kim Memory Test. Standardized clinical scales, including the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale, the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, the Hamilton Anxiety Scale and the State-Trait Anxiety Scale I and II, were used to assess the involved mental areas and the severity of the PTSD symptoms. RESULTS: The patient group showed significant impairments in continuous attention, and the visual and auditory information processing time on the Vienna test when compared to the control group. The patient group also showed significant impairments in the verbal memory, visual memory and visuospatial function on the Rey-Kim Memory Test. CONCLUSION: In this study, the author reports on the cognitive impairments in patients with PTSD as measured by computerized neurocognitive tests and memory tests. Future studies are needed to determine the changes in cognitive functioning that are related to symptom improvement, as well as the influence of the therapeutic effects on the cognitive improvement.
Anxiety ; Automatic Data Processing ; Cognition ; Depression ; Humans ; Memory ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Psychomotor Performance ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic ; Survivors ; Verbal Learning ; Weights and Measures