Electromagnetic fields can regulate the fundamental biological processes involved in bone remodeling. As a non-invasive physical therapy, electromagnetic fields with specific parameters have demonstrated therapeutic effects on bone remodeling diseases, such as fractures and osteoporosis. Electromagnetic fields can be generated by the movement of charged particles or induced by varying currents. Based on whether the strength and direction of the electric field change over time, electromagnetic fields can be classified into static and time-varying fields. The treatment of bone remodeling diseases with static magnetic fields primarily focuses on fractures, often using magnetic splints to immobilize the fracture site while studying the effects of static magnetic fields on bone healing. However, there has been relatively little research on the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis using static magnetic fields. Pulsed electromagnetic fields, a type of time-varying field, have been widely used in clinical studies for treating fractures, osteoporosis, and non-union. However, current clinical applications are limited to low-frequency, and research on the relationship between frequency and biological effects remains insufficient. We believe that different types of electromagnetic fields acting on bone can induce various “secondary physical quantities”, such as magnetism, force, electricity, acoustics, and thermal energy, which can stimulate bone cells either individually or simultaneously. Bone cells possess specific electromagnetic properties, and in a static magnetic field, the presence of a magnetic field gradient can exert a certain magnetism on the bone tissue, leading to observable effects. In a time-varying magnetic field, the charged particles within the bone experience varying Lorentz forces, causing vibrations and generating acoustic effects. Additionally, as the frequency of the time-varying field increases, induced currents or potentials can be generated within the bone, leading to electrical effects. When the frequency and power exceed a certain threshold, electromagnetic energy can be converted into thermal energy, producing thermal effects. In summary, external electromagnetic fields with different characteristics can generate multiple physical quantities within biological tissues, such as magnetic, electric, mechanical, acoustic, and thermal effects. These physical quantities may also interact and couple with each other, stimulating the biological tissues in a combined or composite manner, thereby producing biological effects. This understanding is key to elucidating the electromagnetic mechanisms of how electromagnetic fields influence biological tissues. In the study of electromagnetic fields for bone remodeling diseases, attention should be paid to the biological effects of bone remodeling under different electromagnetic wave characteristics. This includes exploring innovative electromagnetic source technologies applicable to bone remodeling, identifying safe and effective electromagnetic field parameters, and combining basic research with technological invention to develop scientifically grounded, advanced key technologies for innovative electromagnetic treatment devices targeting bone remodeling diseases. In conclusion, electromagnetic fields and multiple physical factors have the potential to prevent and treat bone remodeling diseases, and have significant application prospects.

Objective To investigate the characteristics and influencing factors of mental health status of permanent residents in Yichang, Hubei Province. Methods A total of 9 576 permanent residents aged 18 years and older from Yichang City were selected by a multistage random sampling method between June and October 2022. The PHQ-9 was used to assess the residents’ depressive symptoms, the GAD-7 was used to assess their anxiety symptoms, the ISI was used to assess their insomnia status, and the PCL-5 was used to assess their stress status. The influence factors of depression and anxiety were analyzed using χ2 test and logistic regression. Results A total of 9 122 valid questionnaires were completed. The detection rate of depression, anxiety, insomnia, and stress symptoms were 29.98%, 19.03%, 11.97% and 1.58%, respectively. Gender, education level, monthly family income, self-rated health status, mental health literacy level, total GAD-7 score, total ISI score, and total PCL-5 score were the main factors that caused residents' anxiety symptoms, while gender, education level, self-rated health status, total PHQ-9 score, total ISI score, and total PCL-5 score were the main factors that caused residents' anxiety symptoms. Conclusion The prevalence of depression and anxiety is high among the permanent residents in Yichang, while the situation of insomnia and stress is relatively good. Measures such as improving the level of mental health literacy can be taken to improve mental health level of residents in Yichang.

Objective:To analyze the influence of forming direction on the surface characteristics,elastic modulus,bending strength and fracture toughness of printed parts and the relationship between forming direction and force direction,and to provide scientific basis and guidance for the clinical applica-tion of oral denture base resin materials.Methods:The 3D printing technology was used to print denture base resin samples.The shape and size of the samples referred to the current standard for testing conven-tional denture base materials.The samples used for physical performance testing were cylindrical(with a diameter of 15 mm and a thickness of 1 mm)and printed at different angles along the Z axis(0°,45°,90°).Scanning electron microscope was used to observe the microscopic topography of the different sam-ples.The color stability of different samples was observed by color stabilizer.The surface roughness of the samples was analyzed by using surface roughness tester.The Vickers hardness was measured to ana-lyze the hardness of the samples.The samples used for mechanical performance testing were rectangular(elastic modulus and bending strength:A length of 64 mm,a width of 10 mm,and a height of 3.3 mm;fracture toughness:A length of 39 mm,a width of 8 mm,and a height of 4 mm),divided into two groups:W group and H group.The W group was printed from the bottom up along the Z axis with the length × width as the bottom surface parallel to the X,Y axis plane,while the H group printed from the bottom up along the Z axis with the length × height as the bottom surface parallel to the X,Y axis plane.The forming angles of both groups were equally divided into 0°,45°,and 90°.The elastic modulus,bending strength and fracture toughness of different samples were studied through universal mechanical testing machine.SPSS 22.0 software was used for statistical analysis.Results:The microscopic topogra-phy and roughness of different samples were closely related to the printing direction,with significant differences between the 0°,45°,and 90° specimens.The 0° specimens had the smoothest surface(roughness＜1 μm).The surface of the 45 ° specimen was the roughest(roughness＞3 μm).The microhardness of the 0° sample was the best[(196.13±0.20)MPa],with a significant difference com-pared with the 90° sample[(186.62±4.81)MPa,P＜0.05].The mechanical properties of different samples were also closely related to the printing direction.The elastic modulus,bending strength,and fracture toughness of the 45° samples in the W group were the highest compared with the other groups.The results of elastic modulus showed that in the H group,the 45° specimens had the highest elastic mo-dulus,which was significantly different from the 0° and 90° specimens(P＜0.05).The elastic modulus of 0° and 45° specimens in the W group were higher than those in 90° specimens(P＜0.05).The bending strength results showed that there was no significant difference between the specimens from dif-ferent angles in the H group.The bending strength of the 90° specimens in the W group was the smallest,and there was a significant difference between 90° and the 0° and 45° specimens(P＜0.05);And the bendind strength of the 0° and 45° specimens in the W group was significantly higher than that of the 0° and 45° specimens in the H group(P＜0.05).The fracture toughness results showed that the fracture toughness of the H group specimens was lower than 1.9 MPa m1/2,which was specified in the denture base standard.The 45° samples in the W group were the highest,with significant differences compared with the 0° and 90° samples(P＜0.05).And the 90° samples of the W group specimens were lower than 1.9 MPa m1/2.And the fracture toughness of the 45° specimen in the W group was significantly higher than that of all the specimens in the H group(P＜0.05).Conclusion:The 0° samples had rela-tively better physical properties.The 45° samples had the best mechanical properties.But the fracture toughness of specimens(H group and 90° samples of W group)did not yet meet clinical requirements.That indicated that the characteristics of the 3D printing denture base resin were affected by the printing direction.Only when the performance of the printed samples in all directions met the minimum require-ments of the standard,they could be used in clinical practice.

Objective To comprehensively excavate and analyze the research status,research hotspots and future trends of the literature related to the field of acupoint catgut embedding therapy for pain treatment in the CNKI database.Methods We searched the CNKI database from its establishment to June 2022,and scientifically analyzed the authors,keywords,and institutions of the included literature of acupoint catgut embedding therapy for pain treatment through specific algorithms of Citespace to generate a visual knowledge map.Results A total of 319 documents were included for statistical analysis,the number of publications in the field of acupoint catgut embedding therapy for the treatment of pain was generally on the rise,the number of publications by various authors was on the low side,and there was a lack of co-operation between the research teams,with the main institutions being the Guang'anmen Hospital,Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical Universities of Nationalities and the Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine,forming a 10-keyword clustering,and the hotspots of diseases under study were mainly mixed haemorrhoids,postoperative pain,low back and leg pain and dysmenorrhoea,etc..The main interventions were pure acupoint catgut embedding therapy and the combination of acupoint catgut embedding therapy and other acupuncture therapies,and the main research method was clinical research.Conclusion Acupoint catgut embedding therapy for the treatment of pain has a good development prospect,the future needs to deepen the clinical research,strengthen the mechanism research,pay attention to the joint use of acupoint catgut embedding therapy and other traditional Chinese medicine methods,and pay attention to the research of different thread materials.

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) combined with lower cervical fracture is often categorized into unstable fracture, with a high incidence of neurological injury and a high rate of disability and morbidity. As factors such as shoulder occlusion may affect the accuracy of X-ray imaging diagnosis, it is often easily misdiagnosed at the primary diagnosis. Non-operative treatment has complications such as bone nonunion and the possibility of secondary neurological damage, while the timing, access and choice of surgical treatment are still controversial. Currently, there are no clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of AS combined with lower cervical fracture with or without dislocation. To this end, the Spinal Trauma Group of Orthopedics Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association organized experts to formulate Clinical guidelines for the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis combined with lower cervical fracture in adults ( version 2024) in accordance with the principles of evidence-based medicine, scientificity and practicality, in which 11 recommendations were put forward in terms of the diagnosis, imaging evaluation, typing and treatment, etc, to provide guidance for the diagnosis and treatment of AS combined with lower cervical fracture.

Purpose::To identify the potential target genes of blast lung injury (BLI) for the diagnosis and treatment.Methods::This is an experimental study. The BLI models in rats and goats were established by conducting a fuel-air explosive power test in an unobstructed environment, which was subsequently validated through hematoxylin-eosin staining. Transcriptome sequencing was performed on lung tissues from both goats and rats. Differentially expressed genes were identified using the criteria of q ≤ 0.05 and |log 2 fold change| ≥ 1. Following that, enrichment analyses were conducted for gene ontology and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways. The potential target genes were further confirmed through quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Results::Observations through microscopy unveiled the presence of reddish edema fluid, erythrocytes, and instances of focal or patchy bleeding within the alveolar cavity. Transcriptome sequencing analysis identified a total of 83 differentially expressed genes in both rats and goats. Notably, 49 genes exhibited a consistent expression pattern, with 38 genes displaying up-regulation and 11 genes demonstrating down-regulation. Enrichment analysis highlighted the potential involvement of the interleukin-17 signaling pathway and vascular smooth muscle contraction pathway in the underlying mechanism of BLI. Furthermore, the experimental findings in both goats and rats demonstrated a strong association between BLI and several key genes, including anterior gradient 2, ankyrin repeat domain 65, bactericidal/permeability-increasing fold containing family A member 1, bactericidal/permeability-increasing fold containing family B member 1, and keratin 4, which exhibited up-regulation.Conclusions::Anterior gradient 2, ankyrin repeat domain 65, bactericidal/permeability-increasing fold containing family A member 1, bactericidal/permeability-increasing fold containing family B member 1, and keratin 4 hold potential as target genes for the prognosis, diagnosis, and treatment of BLI.

Objective To study the bioequivalence of test and reference olmesartan tablet in Chinese healthy subjects after single dose under fasting and fed conditions.Methods A single-center,random,open,single-dose,two-preparations,double-period,crossover study was adopted.A total of 48 healthy adult male and female subjects(24 cases of fasting test and 24 cases of fed test)were included in the random crossover administration.Single oral dose 20 mg of test and reference were taken under fasting and postprandial conditions,respectively.Plasma concentration of olmesartan in plasma were determined by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.The main pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by Phoenix WinNonlin 8.0 software.Results The main pharmacokinetic parameters of the test and reference preparations of olmesartan tablets in the fasting group were as follows:Cmax were(653.06±133.53)and(617.37±151.16)ng·mL-1,AUC0-t were(4 201.18±1 035.21)and(4 087.38±889.99)ng·mL-1·h,AUC0-∞ were(4 254.30±1 058.90)and(4 135.69±905.29)ng·mL-1·h.The main pharmacokinetic parameters of the test and reference preparations of olmesartan tablets in the postprandial group were as follows:Cmax were(574.78±177.05)and(579.98±107.74)ng·mL-1,AUC0-t were(3 288.37±866.06)and(3 181.51±801.06)ng·mL-1·h,AUC0-∞ were(3 326.11±874.26)and(3 242.01±823.09)ng·mL-1·h.Under fasting and postprandial conditions,the 90％confidence intervals of the main pharmacokinetic parameters of the test and reference preparations are both 80.00％-125.00％.Conclusion Under fasting and postprandial conditions,a single oral dose of test and reference preparations olmesartan tablets in Chinese healthy adult volunteers showed bioequivalence.

Objective To investigate factors influencing the occurrence of early haematoma expansion(HE)in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage(sICH),to develop a predictive model and evaluate its predictive efficacy.Methods A retrospective cohort of 238 patients with sICH,admitted to General Hospital of Western Theater Command between January 2017 and December 2022,was analyzed.Patients were categorized into two groups based on the criteria of HE exceeding 33%in relative volume or 6 ml in absolute volume:HE group(n=62)and non-haematoma expansion(NHE)group(n=176).Clinical characteristics,laboratory findings,Non-contrast Computed Tomography(NCCT)imaging,and Glasgow Coma Scale(GCS)scores were compared between the two groups.Multifactorial logistic regression analysis was employed to identify risk factors for HE and to model the probability of its occurrence.The R language rms package was utilized to construct a nomogram model for predicting HE in sICH patients,Additionally,the related clinical,NCCT,and GCS models were constructed.The predictive efficacy of each model for HE in sICH patients was evaluated using area under Receive Operative Characteristic(ROC)curve(AUC),and the clinical application value of each model was assessed using accuracy,sensitivity,specificity,and Jordon's index.The Delong test was applied to analyze differences in the predictive values of the models.Results Significant differences in satellite sign,vortex sign,and history of anticoagulant treatment were observed between two groups(P<0.05).Multifactorial logistic regression analysis revealed independent risk factors for HE in sICH patients,including the first CT examination time,homogeneity,history of anticoagulant medication,volume,maximal diameter,hypodensity sign,island sign,satellite sign,and vortex sign(P<0.05).The AUCs for the constructed clinical model,NCCT model,GCS model and nomogram model in predicting the occurrence of HE in sICH patients were 0.672,0.706,0.518 and 0.754,respectively.The nomogram model demonstrated higher accuracy,sensitivity,Jordon's index and AUC compared with those in the clinical and NCTT models.Conclusions The first CT examination time,homogeneity,history of anticoagulant treatment,volume,maximum diameter,hypodensity sign,island sign,satellite sign,and vortex sign are independent predictors of early HE in sICH patients.The nomogram model,constructed with the above parameters,demonstrated high predictive efficacy for HE and holds potential for clinical application.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and prognosis of pneumococcal meningitis(PM),and drug sensitivity of Streptococcus pneumoniae(SP)isolates in Chinese children.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical information,laboratory data,and microbiological data of 160 hospitalized children under 15 years old with PM from January 2019 to December 2020 in 33 tertiary hospitals across the country.Results Among the 160 children with PM,there were 103 males and 57 females.The age ranged from 15 days to 15 years,with 109 cases(68.1% )aged 3 months to under 3 years.SP strains were isolated from 95 cases(59.4% )in cerebrospinal fluid cultures and from 57 cases(35.6% )in blood cultures.The positive rates of SP detection by cerebrospinal fluid metagenomic next-generation sequencing and cerebrospinal fluid SP antigen testing were 40% (35/87)and 27% (21/78),respectively.Fifty-five cases(34.4% )had one or more risk factors for purulent meningitis,113 cases(70.6% )had one or more extra-cranial infectious foci,and 18 cases(11.3% )had underlying diseases.The most common clinical symptoms were fever(147 cases,91.9% ),followed by lethargy(98 cases,61.3% )and vomiting(61 cases,38.1% ).Sixty-nine cases(43.1% )experienced intracranial complications during hospitalization,with subdural effusion and/or empyema being the most common complication[43 cases(26.9% )],followed by hydrocephalus in 24 cases(15.0% ),brain abscess in 23 cases(14.4% ),and cerebral hemorrhage in 8 cases(5.0% ).Subdural effusion and/or empyema and hydrocephalus mainly occurred in children under 1 year old,with rates of 91% (39/43)and 83% (20/24),respectively.SP strains exhibited complete sensitivity to vancomycin(100% ,75/75),linezolid(100% ,56/56),and meropenem(100% ,6/6).High sensitivity rates were also observed for levofloxacin(81% ,22/27),moxifloxacin(82% ,14/17),rifampicin(96% ,25/26),and chloramphenicol(91% ,21/23).However,low sensitivity rates were found for penicillin(16% ,11/68)and clindamycin(6% ,1/17),and SP strains were completely resistant to erythromycin(100% ,31/31).The rates of discharge with cure and improvement were 22.5% (36/160)and 66.2% (106/160),respectively,while 18 cases(11.3% )had adverse outcomes.Conclusions Pediatric PM is more common in children aged 3 months to under 3 years.Intracranial complications are more frequently observed in children under 1 year old.Fever is the most common clinical manifestation of PM,and subdural effusion/emphysema and hydrocephalus are the most frequent complications.Non-culture detection methods for cerebrospinal fluid can improve pathogen detection rates.Adverse outcomes can be noted in more than 10% of PM cases.SP strains are high sensitivity to vancomycin,linezolid,meropenem,levofloxacin,moxifloxacin,rifampicin,and chloramphenicol.[Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics,2024,26(2):131-138]

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD)is the most prevalent chronic liver disease globally,with only one Food and Drug Administration(FDA)-approved drug for its treatment.Given MASLD's complex pathophysiology,ther-apies that simultaneously target multiple pathways are highly desirable.One promising approach is dual-modulation of the famesoid X receptor(FXR),which regulates lipid and bile acid metabolism.However,FXR agonists alone are insufficient due to their limited anti-inflammatory effects.This study aimed to dto identify natural products capable of both FXR activation and inflammation inhibition to provide a comprehensive therapeutic approach for MASLD.Potential FXR ligands from the Natural Product Library were predicted via virtual screening using the Protein Preparation Wizard module in Schrodinger(2018)for molecular docking.Direct binding and regulation of candidate compounds on FXR were analyzed using surface plasmon resonance(SPR)binding assay,reporter gene ana-lysis,and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).The anti-inflammatory properties of these compounds were eval-uated in AML12 cells treated with tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α).Dual-function compounds with FXR agonism and inflamma-tion inhibition were further identified in cells transfected with Fxr siRNA and treated with TNF-α.The effects of these dual-function compounds on lipid accumulation and inflammation were evaluated in cells treated with palmitic acid.Results revealed that 17 natural products were predicted via computational molecular docking as potential FXR agonists,with 15 exhibiting a strong affinity for FXR recombinant protein.Nine isoflavone compounds significantly enhanced FXR reporter luciferase activity and the mRNA expressions of Shp and Ostb.Structure-activity relationship analysis indicated that introducing isopropyl or methoxy groups at the C7 position or a methoxy group at the C6 position could enhance the agonistic efficacy of isoflavones.Three compounds(2,6,and 8)were identified as dual-function natural products functioning as FXR agonists and inflammatory inhibitors,while one compound(12)acted as an FXR agonist to inhibit inflammation.These natural products protected hepatocytes against palmitic acid-induced lipid accumulation and in-flammation.In conclusion,compounds 2,6,and 8(genistein,biochanin A,and 7-methoxyisoflavone,respectively)were identified as dual-function bioactive products that transactivate FXR and inhibit inflammation,serving as potential candidates or lead compounds for MASLD therapy.