Dementia pugilistica (DP) or chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a neurodegenerative disease or dementia that may affect amateur or professional boxers as well as athletes in other sports who suffer concussions. The condition is thought to affect around 15% to 20% of professional boxers and caused by repeated concussive or subconcussive blows. CTE was in the past referred to as dementia pugilistica, which reflected the prevailing notion that this condition was restricted to boxers. Recent research, however, has demonstrated neuropathological evidence of CTE in retired American football players, a professional wrestler, a professional hockey player and a soccer player, as well as in nonathletes. It is probable that many individuals are susceptible to CTE, including those who experience falls, motor vehicle accidents, assaults, epileptic seizures, or military combat, and that repeated mild closed head trauma of diverse origin is capable of instigating the neurodegenerative cascade leading to CTE. We report a 62-year old man suspicious of dementia pugilistica with clinical features of frontotemporal dementia and parkinsonism.
Athletes ; Brain Injury, Chronic ; Dementia ; Epilepsy ; Football ; Frontotemporal Dementia ; Head Injuries, Closed ; Hockey ; Humans ; Military Personnel ; Motor Vehicles ; Neurodegenerative Diseases ; Parkinsonian Disorders ; Soccer ; Sports

The purpose of this study was to do the surveillance study of sports injuries which were suffered to National players of South Korea Team during the summer Asian Games 2010 in Guangzhou. All medical staffs of Korea Delegation were asked to report all sports injuries newly incurred during the Games on injury report form, and the physicians made clinical diagnoses of the injuries. Total 725 injuries (430 athletes) were reported, and 288 injuries (209 athletes) were newly incurred: 68 injuries (58 athletes) were recurrent with previous history, resulting in total incidence rate: 45.5 injuries/1000 athlete exposures (AE) (95% confidence interval [CI]: 40.1-50.6 injuries/1000 AE) and incidence proportion: 26% (95% CI: 23-29). The new injury was highest in athletics (n=37, 12.8%), hockey (n=26, 9.0%), and basketball (n=23, 8.0%). While 162 injuries (56.2%) were incurred during practice, 126 injuries (43.8%) were incurred in competition. The most frequent diagnoses were lateral ankle ligament sprain (n=28, 9.7%, 95% CI: 6.3-13.1), calf muscle cramp (n=23, 95% CI: 4.9-11.1), and hamstring strain (n=22, 95% CI: 4.6-10.7). The relapsed injury was highest in athletics (n=16, 23.5%), basketball (n=6, 8.8%), and wrestling (n=5, 7.4%). While 50 injuries (73.5%) were recurred during practice, 18 injuries (26.5%) were recurred in competition. The most frequent diagnoses of relapsed injury were calf muscle cramp (n=11, 16.2%, 95% CI: 7.4-25.0), low back strain (n=6, 8.8%, 95% CI: 2.1-15.6), and hamstring strain (n=6, 8.8%, 95% CI: 2.1-15.6). Our data indicated incidence rates, incidence proportions, characteristics and frequent diagnoses of acute and recurrent sports injuries during the games, therefore these results could provide relevant information for the sports injury prevention at elite level.
Animals ; Ankle ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Athletes ; Athletic Injuries ; Basketball ; Hockey ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Ligaments ; Medical Staff ; Muscle Cramp ; Republic of Korea ; Sports ; Sprains and Strains ; Wrestling

Aesthetic reduction of the labia minora has gained popularity. Hypertrophy of the labia minora is aesthetically and functionally unsatisfactory to some women. This study focused on one of the reduction techniques based on the degree of labial hypertrophy and the aesthetic preferences of the patient for labial edge color and contour. The five patients underwent labia minora reduction between August 2009 and August 2010. The ages ranged from 11~51 years (mean age, 29.2 years). All of the patients underwent medial central wedge resection and lateral hood resection of the labia minora. All patients were satisfied with the aesthetic appearance of the external genitalia, relief of chronic irritation, and improved hygiene; there were no complications. The patients reported no interference with usual daily activities or with intercourse. We describe a simple medial central wedge and lateral hood resection to reduce enlarged labia minora that depends on the degree of hypertrophy. These methods give the same satisfaction between pre- and post-menopausal women.
Female ; Genitalia ; Gynecologic Surgical Procedures ; Hockey ; Humans ; Hypertrophy ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; Vulva

Aesthetic reduction of the labia minora has gained popularity. Hypertrophy of the labia minora is aesthetically and functionally unsatisfactory to some women. This study focused on one of the reduction techniques based on the degree of labial hypertrophy and the aesthetic preferences of the patient for labial edge color and contour. The five patients underwent labia minora reduction between August 2009 and August 2010. The ages ranged from 11~51 years (mean age, 29.2 years). All of the patients underwent medial central wedge resection and lateral hood resection of the labia minora. All patients were satisfied with the aesthetic appearance of the external genitalia, relief of chronic irritation, and improved hygiene; there were no complications. The patients reported no interference with usual daily activities or with intercourse. We describe a simple medial central wedge and lateral hood resection to reduce enlarged labia minora that depends on the degree of hypertrophy. These methods give the same satisfaction between pre- and post-menopausal women.
Female ; Genitalia ; Gynecologic Surgical Procedures ; Hockey ; Humans ; Hypertrophy ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; Vulva

PURPOSE: To evaluate the relationship between the normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) of 3- dimensional (3-D) radiotherapy and the radiographic parameters of 2-dimensional (2-D) radiotherapy such as central lung distance (CLD) and maximal heart distance (MHD). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed 110 patients who were treated with postoperative radiotherapy for breast cancer. A two-field tangential technique, a three-field technique, and the reverse hockey stick method were used. The radiation dose administered to whole breast or the chest wall was 50.4 Gy, whereas a 45 Gy was administered to the supraclavicular field. The NTCPs of the heart and lung were calculated by the modified Lyman model and the relative seriality model. RESULTS: For all patients, the NTCPs of radiation-induced pneumonitis and cardiac mortality were 0.5% and 0.7%, respectively. The NTCP of radiation-induced pneumonitis was higher in patients treated with the reverse hockey stick method than in those treated by other two techniques (0.0%, 0.0%, 3.1%, p<0.001). The NTCP of radiation-induced pneumonitis increased with CLD. The NTCP of cardiac mortality increased with MHD (R2=0.808). CONCLUSION: We found a close correlation between the NTCP of 3-D radiotherapy and 2-D radiographic parameters. Our results are useful to reanalyze the previous 2-D based clinical reports about breast radiation therapy complications as a viewpoint of NTCP.
Breast ; Breast Neoplasms ; Heart ; Hockey ; Humans ; Lung ; Pneumonia ; Radiation Pneumonitis ; Thoracic Wall

PURPOSE: The evaluation and management of a completely transected tendon of the hand is relatively clear. In most cases, the integrity is assessed by physical examination(eg, broken normal cascade, motion loss) but occasionally, It happens in troubles. because of pain, limited patient cooperation(eg, child, unconscious patient), and other associated injuries(eg, fractures, foreign bodies). METHODS: From september 2006 to August 2007, 28 patients were evaluated with real time ultrasonography preoperatively and postoperatively. Twenty eight patients with injured tendon were evaluated using an HDI 5000 Sono CT(Philips Medical Systems, Bothell, WA) machine with a high resolution, 7.5MHz hockey stick linear probe. Dynamic evaluation was performed in real time. RESULTS: Surgery was performed after the ultrasonographic evaluation. Sonographic diagnosis and intraoperative findings were correlated. Ultrasonographic findings show tendon discontinuity, gaps, and fluid collection. CONCLUSION: We conclude that ultrasonography is helpful in evaluating and managing acute tendon injury. Especially, in cases of completely lacerated tendon, ultrasonography can identify the location of the proximal tendon stump and partial lacerated tendon, ultrasonographic diagnostic tool can decrease misdiagnosis.
Child ; Hand ; Hockey ; Humans ; Tendon Injuries ; Tendons ; Unconscious (Psychology)

To become a national player and after becoming one, athletes usually overtrain themselves. Also they often get injured during their competition. There are many kinds of sports injuries, which are rather specific to each sport. In this study, the author analyzed the sports injuries of athletes who had visited the medical clinic in the Taereung National Training Center from January to July in 2005. There were 5 events and 7 groups of sports including men judo, men wrestling, men and women weight lifting, men and women hockey, and men gymnastics. The results showed that low back problems were the most common injury among all these sports. Besides low back problems, athletes from each sport had different patterns of injuries. Men judo players frequently had medial collateral ligament injuries of the knee. Men wrestling players commonly had neck problems. Many men and women weight lifters had wrist injuries and rotator cuff impingement, respectively, and many of them also had patellar ligament injuries. Hockey players commonly had ankle problems, and especially many women hockey players had hamstring strains. Remarkable injuries in men gymnastics were wrist and finger injuries. These results can be of help to optimize the strategies to prevent injuries and to rehabilitate the injured athletes.
Ankle ; Athletes ; Athletic Injuries* ; Collateral Ligaments ; Female ; Finger Injuries ; Gymnastics ; Hockey ; Humans ; Knee ; Korea* ; Male ; Martial Arts ; Neck ; Patellar Ligament ; Rotator Cuff ; Sports* ; Weight Lifting ; Wrestling ; Wrist ; Wrist Injuries

Most of axillary nerve injury develops after dislocation of glenohumeral joint, proximal humeral fracture and direct blow to the deltoid muscle. Some cases in volleyball players and athletes playing contact sports like hockey, football have been reported. But axillary nerve injury after swimming with butterfly stroke has not been reported previously. We experienced a 34 year old female who had weakness in abduction and sensory impairment in lateral aspect of right arm after butterfly stroke. She was transferred from local clinic to our Rehabilitation Department because symptoms were not improved despite conservative treatment. We diagnosed her as axillary nerve injury by typical clinical manifestations and electrodiagnostic study. Additionally, we detected type II superior laburum anterior posterior lesion combined with axillary nerve injury in shoulder magnetic resonance image. We should consider possibility of axillary nerve injury in a patient with shoulder pain and weakness after swimming like butterfly stroke.
Adult ; Arm ; Athletes ; Butterflies* ; Deltoid Muscle ; Dislocations ; Female ; Football ; Hockey ; Humans ; Rehabilitation ; Shoulder ; Shoulder Fractures ; Shoulder Joint ; Shoulder Pain ; Sports ; Stroke* ; Swimming* ; Volleyball

Elevated plasma homocysteine is an independent risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease. Exercise is generally believed to reduce the plasma homocysteine levels and therefore, being beneficial for cardiovascular disease(CVD). However, there is a possibility that athletes undergoing strenuous training and competition which increase oxidative stress may suffer from increased plasma homocysteine levels. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of endurance training on the plasma concentrations of B vitamins and homocysteine in 23 male adolescent field hockey players. Data collection and blood sampling was performed during the training period and non-training period. Following the training period, significant changes in energy and vitamin B6 intakes were observed in these subjects. Plasma vitamin B2, pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) and homocysteine levels were significantly higher during the training period than non-training period, whereas no difference was observed in plasma folate and vitamin B12 levels. Positive correlation was observed between plasma folate and folic acid intakes. When energy, B vitamin intakes were adjusted there was a significant negative correlation between plasma homocysteine levels and plasma riboflavin, folate and vitamin B12 levels. In conclusion, it is suggested that athletes with oxidative stress by strenuous exercise may need B vitamins since riboflavin, folic acid and vitamin B12 were shown to be negatively correlated with plasma homocysteine in athletes during the training period.
Adolescent* ; Athletes ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Data Collection ; Folic Acid ; Hockey* ; Homocysteine* ; Humans ; Male* ; Oxidative Stress ; Plasma* ; Pyridoxal Phosphate ; Riboflavin ; Risk Factors ; Vitamin B 12 ; Vitamin B 6 ; Vitamin B Complex ; Vitamins*

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Effective control of bleeding from the adenoidectomy site is more difficult than bleeding from the tonsillectomy site. We report that continuous adenoid bleeding following adenoidectomy was effectively controlled by hoc-key stick-shaped Merocel(R). SUBJECTS AND METHOD: Twenty-three cases of massive bleeding in children who were not treated to electrocauterization and epinephrine packing during adenoidectomy and 6 cases of immediate bleeding on adenoid on the day after operation in pediatric patients were included. In 23 cases of massive bleeding during operation, hockey stick-shaped Merocel(R) was inserted through both nasal cavity at the brink of the end of operation. In 6 cases of immediate bleeding after operation, it was inserted to the nasopharynx through nasal cavity after local infiltration anesthesia for nasal mucosa. We evaluate the clinical usefulness of the hockey stick-shaped Merocel(R) packing. RESULTS: There was no postoperative bleeding in all cases of compressive hemostasis using hockey stick-shaped Merocel(R). There were temporary complications such as nasal obstruction, ear fullness, globus sensation and dysphagia, which were resolved after removal of Merocel(R). There were no severe complications such as sleep apnea or respiratory disturbance. CONCLUSION: Effective hemostasis for continuous adenoidectomy site bleeding in children was achieved using hockey stick-shaped Merocel(R) without severe complications.
Adenoidectomy ; Adenoids* ; Anesthesia, Local ; Child ; Deglutition Disorders ; Ear ; Epinephrine ; Hemorrhage* ; Hemostasis ; Hockey* ; Humans ; Nasal Cavity ; Nasal Mucosa ; Nasal Obstruction ; Nasopharynx ; Postoperative Hemorrhage ; Sensation ; Sleep Apnea Syndromes ; Tonsillectomy