Setting: Although rifampicin is an essential anti-tuberculosis drugs, but there is variable inter-individual on plasma rifampicin concentration. In addition, poor bioavailability is concern problem when using fixed-dose combination drugs in treatment of tuberculosis. Objective: To investigate possible variations in plasma rifampicin concentration in tuberculosis patients using fixed dose combination drugs in National Tuberculosis Programme. Design: 2-hour plasma rifampicin concentration was measured by HPLC method among 50 smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients. Results: Plasma rifampicin concentrations were generally low: 86% of patients had 2-hour plasma rifampicin concentration below 80g/ml, and 40% of patients had plasma concentration below 40g/ml. Although treatment at the same dose levels, there is high variable between individual patients in plasma rifampicin concentration. Rifampicin concentration was higher in female,> 60 years old, < 40 kg body weight. There is no difference in mean plasma concentration between new tuberculosis patients and re-treatment tuberculosis patients groups. Conclusion: The unexpected low plasma concentration of rifampicin in this setting are most likely due to poor bioavailability in fixed dose combination drugs. A study on bioavailability of rifampicin from fixed dose combination using in National Tuberculosis Programme is necessary.
Rifampin ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary ; Pharmaceutical Preparations ; Plasma

A survey was conducted on 72 burn in patients treated at the National Institute of Burn from Nov.2002 to April 2003 to investigate the factors involved in burn and to assess the use of transfution solutions and antibiotics. Results showed the most common group of burn adult patient was at the age of 19-35, higher in male group than in female. The most common causing factor was dry-thermal cause. In 32% of cases the damage body superficy lower 10%. 10-19% of cases had the highest rate of 43,1%, and in 58,3% of cases the damage was shallow
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Therapeutics ; Burns

On burn adult patients treated at the National Institute of Burn, the use of transfusion solutions on 40 patients showed that Ringer lactate and 5% glucose solution were the most common in all treatments for rehydratation and ion supplement. On 72 subjects antibiotics was used only monotherapy. The antibiotics were changed usually, in special cases there were 3 changing times
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Therapeutics ; Burns

Theophylline tablets with release action (Theo KD) was tested in dosage 100mg x 2 tablets a time each 12 hours for asthma patients, and was compared to 100mg THEOSTAT tablet with release action of Laboratoiries INAVA (France). Results: Theo KD was suitable in the treatment of 2 0r 3 degree asthma. ADRs were minor and temporary. No one stopped treatment due to ADRs
Theophylline ; Tablets ; Chemistry