We report a childhood case of localization-related epilepsy manifesting frequent gelastic seizures, which were successfully treated with topiramate (TPM) monotherapy. The seizures were not associated with feelings of mirth. High-resolution three-tesla magnetic resonance imaging revealed no structural abnormality. Interictal 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography showed hypometabolism over the entire right hemisphere. Single-photon emission computed tomography imaging, both ictal and interictal, demonstrated no significant findings. Interictal electroencephalography (EEG) showed paroxysms in the right frontal region. Ictal video EEG demonstrated diffuse attenuation, followed by fast activities and spike-wave complexes predominantly over the right hemisphere. At the ictal EEG onset, low amplitude paroxysmal fast activity was recorded over the F8-T4 region. The seizures were considered to have originated from the right frontal lobe. TPM monotherapy resulted in complete cessation of the seizure. We suggest that TPM should be considered as a valuable tool for treating childhood intractable gelastic seizures, which are not due to hypothalamic hamartoma.

The 3D internal structure microscopy (3D-ISM) was applied to the equine ovary, which possesses peculiar structural characteristics. Stereolithography was applied to make a life-sized model by means of data obtained from 3D-ISM. Images from serially sliced surfaces contributed to a successful 3D reconstruction of the equine ovary. Photopolymerized resin models of equine ovaries produced by stereolithography can clearly show the internal structure and spatial localizations in the ovary. The understanding of the spatial relationship between the ovulation fossa and follicles and/or corpora lutea in the equine ovary was a great benefit. The peculiar structure of the equine ovary could be thoroughly observed and understood through this model.
Animals ; Computer Simulation ; Female ; Horses/*anatomy & histology ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional/veterinary ; Models, Anatomic ; Ovary/*anatomy & histology

We describe a 13-month-old girl who developed convulsive status during an episode of rotavirus gastroenteritis. Persistent disturbance of consciousness, recurrent seizures, slowing on EEG, high signal areas on diffusion-weighted MRI, and normal cerebrospinal fl uid confi rmed the diagnosis of encephalopathy. In addition, hepatosplenomegaly, cytopenias, and a histopathological fi nding of hemophagocytosis in bone marrow were all observed in this case, and these three conditions together meet the diagnosis of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. The patient improved after commencement of steroid pulse therapy. This case suggests that the pathogenesis of rotavirus-associated encephalopathy may share some basic pathophysiologic mechanisms with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis.