Objective:To evaluate the sample preparation proficiency and storage proficiency of 11 clinical biobanks in Beijing through simulated experiments, and to establish an assessment method for the quality comparability of biological samples.Methods:An exploratory research design was adopted. In November 2023, artificial composite serum quality control materials containing six recombinant human protein markers—recombinant human alanine aminotransferase (rhALT), recombinant human aspartate aminotransferase (rhAST), recombinant human creatine kinase (rhCK), recombinant human creatine kinase-MB (rhCK-MB), recombinant human B-type natriuretic peptide (rhBNP), and recombinant human troponin I (rhTNI)—were distributed to 11 clinical biobanks in Beijing City. Sample preparation and storage followed the standardized operating procedures. Proficiency differences were assessed through statistical analysis.Results:Three-way repeated measures ANOVA revealed all six protein markers showed a declining trend over storage time in ultra-low-temperature environments ( F values 11.68-4 179.66, all P<0.01). However, neither long-term/temporary refrigerator types ( F values 0.01-1.23, all P>0.05)nor placement locations within refrigerators significantly affected the stability of these six proteins ( F valus 0.03-1.47, all P>0.05). The biases in detection results for rhALT, rhAST, rhTNI, and rhBNP at different storage time points were within the allowable bias limits for each item, supporting their use as markers for protein stability in biobank samples. All 11 institutions passed the storage proficiency assessment. In the preparation proficiency assessment, deviations were observed in post-preparation sample results, with a notably high out-of-control rate for rhCK (36.36%). Conclusion:Sample preparation proficiency can serve as a quality control metric for clinical biobanks. Future external quality assessment systems for biobanks should focus on sample preparation rather than storage processes.

Objective:To explore the correlation between weekend moderate-to-vigorous physical activity(MVPA), weekday sedentary behavior(SB)and the risk of frailty in the elderly population monitored by wearable devices, and to provide a scientific basis for lifestyle interventions for frailty in the elderly.Methods:This study was based on the data of the UK Biobank from 2013 to 2015.A cross-sectional study design was adopted, and 33, 212 elderly people aged 60 and above with complete physical activity monitoring data were selected.The Frailty Index(FI)constructed by the deficit accumulation method was used to assess the frailty status.The correlation between the combined effect of weekday SB and weekend MVPA and the frailty status was analyzed, and the differences between genders were explored.Results:There were significant differences in physical activity indicators among the elderly with different frailty statuses.As the degree of frailty increased, the MVPA-related indicators showed a downward trend, while the weekday SB time gradually increased.There were sex differences in physical activity patterns and frailties.Compared with women, men had longer SB time on weekdays, lower metabolic equivalent of weekly MVPA consumption, and higher MVPA time on weekends, but the frailties index of women was slightly higher than that of men.After adjusting for confounding factors, the frailty risks for men and women in the subgroup with the lowest weekday SB and the highest weekend MVPA duration decreased by 46.9% and 59.8%, respectively( P<0.001)when compared to the highest-risk group. Conclusions:Based on the monitoring data from wearable devices, elderly individuals who reduced their SB time during weekdays and increased their MVPA time on weekends were associated with a lower risk of frailty, especially among women; which providing a new perspective for lifestyle-based intervention strategies for frailty among the elderly.

Polygonati Rhizoma demonstrates significant potential for addressing both chronic and hidden hunger. The supply of high-quality seedlings is a primary factor influencing the development of the Polygonati Rhizoma industry. Warm water soaking is often used in agriculture to promote the rapid germination of seeds, while its application and molecular mechanism in Polygonati Rhizoma have not been reported. To rapidly obtain high-quality seedlings, this study treated Polygonatum kingianum var. grandifolium seeds with sand storage at low temperatures, warm water soaking, and cultivation temperature gradients. The results showed that the culture at 25 ℃ or sand storage at 4 ℃ for 2 months rapidly broke the seed dormancy of P. kingianum var. grandifolium, while the culture at 20 ℃ or sand storage at 4 ℃ for 1 month failed to break the seed dormancy. Soaking seeds in 60 ℃ warm water further increased the germination rate, germination potential, and germination index. Specifically, the seeds soaked at 60 ℃ and cultured at 25 ℃ without sand storage treatment(Aa25) achieved a germination rate of 78. 67%±1. 53% on day 42 and 83. 40%±4. 63% on day 77. The seeds pretreated with sand storage at 4 ℃ for 2 months, soaked in 60 ℃ water, and then cultured at 25 ℃ achieved a germination rate comparable to that of Aa25 on day 77. Transcriptomic analysis indicated that warm water soaking might promote germination by triggering reactive oxygen species( ROS), inducing the expression of heat shock factors( HSFs) and heat shock proteins( HSPs), which accelerated DNA replication, transcript maturation, translation, and processing, thereby facilitating the accumulation and turnover of genetic materials. According to the results of indoor controlled experiments and field practices, maintaining a germination and seedling cultivation environment at approximately 25 ℃ was crucial for the one-year seedling cultivation of P. kingianum var. grandifolium.
Germination ; Seedlings/genetics* ; Water/metabolism* ; Seeds/metabolism* ; Polygonatum/genetics* ; Temperature ; Plant Proteins/genetics* ; Plant Dormancy

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect and potential mechanisms of allogeneic renal subcapsular transplantation of CD24+renal epithelial cells for the treatment of acute kidney injury(AKI)induced by ischemia-reperfusion(I/R).Methods CD24+renal epithelial cells were isolated from mouse kidneys using flow cytometric sorting and expanded by passaging.C57BL/6N mice were randomly divided into three groups:the normal control group(n=8,sham surgery only),the model control group(n=8,unilateral kidney I/R plus contralateral nephrectomy),and the CD24+cell treatment group(n=8,AKI model followed by renal subcapsular transplantation of CD24+cells).Mice were euthanized at 24 h after modeling and serum was collected to measure biochemical markers[serum creatinine(Scr),blood urea nitrogen(BUN),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),and interleukin-6(IL-6)].Renal tissues were subjected to pathological evaluation and macrophage staining.An M1-polarized macrophage model was established using mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages co-cultured with CD24+renal epithelial cells.The polarization state of macrophages was assessed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qPCR)and flow cytometry.Results CD24+renal epithelial cells were successfully isolated and passaged stably.Compared with the normal control group,the model control group exhibited significantly elevated Scr and BUN levels and renal pathological damage.In contrast,the CD24+cell treatment group showed significant reduction in serum biochemical markers and pathological injury compared with the model control group,along with reduction in M1 macrophage infiltration in the kidneys(P<0.05,P<0.01).In vitro co-culture experiments demonstrated that in the CD24+co-culture group,the expression of M1 polarization-related markers in macrophages was significantly lower than that in the non-co-culture group,and the proportion of CD80+M1 macrophages in the co-culture group decreased(P<0.05,P<0.01).Conclusion Allogeneic renal subcapsular transplantation of CD24+renal epithelial cells can alleviate I/R-induced AKI by inhibiting M1 macrophage polarization through paracrine mechanisms.

Objective:To evaluate the sample preparation proficiency and storage proficiency of 11 clinical biobanks in Beijing through simulated experiments, and to establish an assessment method for the quality comparability of biological samples.Methods:An exploratory research design was adopted. In November 2023, artificial composite serum quality control materials containing six recombinant human protein markers—recombinant human alanine aminotransferase (rhALT), recombinant human aspartate aminotransferase (rhAST), recombinant human creatine kinase (rhCK), recombinant human creatine kinase-MB (rhCK-MB), recombinant human B-type natriuretic peptide (rhBNP), and recombinant human troponin I (rhTNI)—were distributed to 11 clinical biobanks in Beijing City. Sample preparation and storage followed the standardized operating procedures. Proficiency differences were assessed through statistical analysis.Results:Three-way repeated measures ANOVA revealed all six protein markers showed a declining trend over storage time in ultra-low-temperature environments ( F values 11.68-4 179.66, all P<0.01). However, neither long-term/temporary refrigerator types ( F values 0.01-1.23, all P>0.05)nor placement locations within refrigerators significantly affected the stability of these six proteins ( F valus 0.03-1.47, all P>0.05). The biases in detection results for rhALT, rhAST, rhTNI, and rhBNP at different storage time points were within the allowable bias limits for each item, supporting their use as markers for protein stability in biobank samples. All 11 institutions passed the storage proficiency assessment. In the preparation proficiency assessment, deviations were observed in post-preparation sample results, with a notably high out-of-control rate for rhCK (36.36%). Conclusion:Sample preparation proficiency can serve as a quality control metric for clinical biobanks. Future external quality assessment systems for biobanks should focus on sample preparation rather than storage processes.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect and potential mechanisms of allogeneic renal subcapsular transplantation of CD24+renal epithelial cells for the treatment of acute kidney injury(AKI)induced by ischemia-reperfusion(I/R).Methods CD24+renal epithelial cells were isolated from mouse kidneys using flow cytometric sorting and expanded by passaging.C57BL/6N mice were randomly divided into three groups:the normal control group(n=8,sham surgery only),the model control group(n=8,unilateral kidney I/R plus contralateral nephrectomy),and the CD24+cell treatment group(n=8,AKI model followed by renal subcapsular transplantation of CD24+cells).Mice were euthanized at 24 h after modeling and serum was collected to measure biochemical markers[serum creatinine(Scr),blood urea nitrogen(BUN),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),and interleukin-6(IL-6)].Renal tissues were subjected to pathological evaluation and macrophage staining.An M1-polarized macrophage model was established using mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages co-cultured with CD24+renal epithelial cells.The polarization state of macrophages was assessed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qPCR)and flow cytometry.Results CD24+renal epithelial cells were successfully isolated and passaged stably.Compared with the normal control group,the model control group exhibited significantly elevated Scr and BUN levels and renal pathological damage.In contrast,the CD24+cell treatment group showed significant reduction in serum biochemical markers and pathological injury compared with the model control group,along with reduction in M1 macrophage infiltration in the kidneys(P<0.05,P<0.01).In vitro co-culture experiments demonstrated that in the CD24+co-culture group,the expression of M1 polarization-related markers in macrophages was significantly lower than that in the non-co-culture group,and the proportion of CD80+M1 macrophages in the co-culture group decreased(P<0.05,P<0.01).Conclusion Allogeneic renal subcapsular transplantation of CD24+renal epithelial cells can alleviate I/R-induced AKI by inhibiting M1 macrophage polarization through paracrine mechanisms.

Objective:To explore the correlation between weekend moderate-to-vigorous physical activity(MVPA), weekday sedentary behavior(SB)and the risk of frailty in the elderly population monitored by wearable devices, and to provide a scientific basis for lifestyle interventions for frailty in the elderly.Methods:This study was based on the data of the UK Biobank from 2013 to 2015.A cross-sectional study design was adopted, and 33, 212 elderly people aged 60 and above with complete physical activity monitoring data were selected.The Frailty Index(FI)constructed by the deficit accumulation method was used to assess the frailty status.The correlation between the combined effect of weekday SB and weekend MVPA and the frailty status was analyzed, and the differences between genders were explored.Results:There were significant differences in physical activity indicators among the elderly with different frailty statuses.As the degree of frailty increased, the MVPA-related indicators showed a downward trend, while the weekday SB time gradually increased.There were sex differences in physical activity patterns and frailties.Compared with women, men had longer SB time on weekdays, lower metabolic equivalent of weekly MVPA consumption, and higher MVPA time on weekends, but the frailties index of women was slightly higher than that of men.After adjusting for confounding factors, the frailty risks for men and women in the subgroup with the lowest weekday SB and the highest weekend MVPA duration decreased by 46.9% and 59.8%, respectively( P<0.001)when compared to the highest-risk group. Conclusions:Based on the monitoring data from wearable devices, elderly individuals who reduced their SB time during weekdays and increased their MVPA time on weekends were associated with a lower risk of frailty, especially among women; which providing a new perspective for lifestyle-based intervention strategies for frailty among the elderly.

So far， there are still no specific treatment methods for severe hepatitis and liver failure， resulting in a mortality rate of over 70%， and they are the difficulties in the treatment of critical illness in China and globally. Liver transplantation is currently the most effective treatment method for end-stage liver disease， but only 1%‍ ‍—‍ ‍2% of patients can receive the opportunity for organ transplantation. The bioartificial liver support system utilizes external mechanical， physical， and biological devices to remove various harmful substances accumulated in the patient’s body， compensate for the metabolic functions of the liver， supplement necessary substances， improve internal environment， promote the recovery of liver function， help patients get through the critical period， and save time for liver transplantation， and therefore， it is considered one of the important methods for the treatment of end-stage liver disease. Since hepatocytes are the core element of bioartificial liver， this article summarizes the sources of liver seed cells， 3D culture methods， and corresponding bioreactor culture systems and hopes to gradually solve the core issue of large-scale in vitro preparation of hepatocytes to obtain hepatocytes with adequate quantity and quality， which urgently needs to be addressed in clinical application.

【Objective】 To investigate the effect of adequate amount of tranexamic acid(TXA)before operation on blood loss and safety in posterior lumbar fusion with multiple segments. 【Methods】 A retrospective analysis was conducted on 105 patients with lumbar spinal stenosis, submitted to our hospital for multilevel PLIF, from March 2017 to December 2019. According to the intervention method, they were divided into control group, group A and group B (n =30, 39 and 36, respectively). TXA was not used in the control group. Dripping of saline solution(100 mL) containing TXA 2g and 1g was given in Group A and Group B, and extra intravenous pumping of TXA [10 mg/(kg·h)] during surgery was conducted in Group B besides the pre-operation dripping of TXA. Total blood loss, dominant blood loss, recessive blood loss, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative drainage volume, transfusion rate and hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct), prothrombin time international standardized ratio (PT - INR), platelet count (Plt), D - dimer (D - D), C-reactive protein (CRP), neutrophil percentage (NP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) before and after operation were compared in the three groups. Postoperative drug-related adverse events were traced. 【Results】 1)The total blood loss, dominant blood loss(mL), intraoperative blood loss(mL), drainage volume(mL) within and after 24h after surgery, and the transfusion rate(%) in group A and B were 892.6±193.5 vs 887.7±320.8, 409.1±109.2 vs, 408.6±98.3, 193.7±69.3 vs 189.6±65.6, 130.5±53.4 vs 128.3±53.5, 63.1±17.6 vs 60.9±13.5 and 7.7 (3/39) vs 8.3 (3/36), respectively, which were significantly lower than that in group C as 1 296.8±329.2, 807.6±231.5, 270.9±65.5, 365.4±127.8, 172.3±66.4 and 36.7(11/30), respectively (P< 0.05). There were no significant differences in the above indexes between group A and group B (P < 0.05). The differences in recessive blood loss was not significant by groups(P<0.05). 2) Compared with pre-operation, the levels of Hb, Hct and Plt in the three groups at 3d after operation decreased: Hb(g/L) 91.5±14.0, 107.6±16.4 and 105.9±17.1; Hct(%) 25.6±3.1, 31.2±3.9 and 30.5±4.4; Plt(×10⁹/L)146.6±31.8, 172.8 ±40.1 and 169.7±39.5(P < 0.05); while D-D, CRP and NP increased: D-D(mmol/L)365.6±67.1, 280.9±50.5 and 286.1±53.1; CRP(mg/L): 65.4±22.0, 53.4±19.6 and 56.8±17.7; NP(%): 87.3±15.6, 73.1±13.7, and 71.9±11.8(P < 0.05), and Pt-INR, ALT and BUN showed no significant changes (P > 0.05). The changes of Hb, Hct, Plt, D-D, CRP and NP in group A and B were significantly lower than those in group C at 3 days after operation [Hb (g/L) : 107.6±16.4, 105.9±17.1, 91.5±14.0; Hct (%) : 31.2±3.9, 30.5±4.4, 25.6±3.1; Plt (×10⁹/L) : 172.8 ±40.1, 169.7±39.5, 146.6±31.8; D-D (mmol/L) : 280.9±50.5, 286.1±53.1, 365.6±67.1; CRP (mg/L) : 53.4±19.6, 56.8±17.7, 65.4±22.0; NP (%) : 73.1±13.7, 71.9±11.8, 87.3±15.6] (P < 0.05), and no significant differences in the above index were noticed between group A and B(P> 0.05).3)No lower limb deep vein thrombosis nor pulmonary embolism were found in group A and group B after operation, and all the incisions were healed in the first stage, and no serious complications such as drug allergy, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular accident, epidural hematoma, epilepsy occurred. 【Conclusion】 The preoperative TXA administration with sufficient single dose showed equivalent hemostatic effect in comparison with intraoperative continuous administration additional to preoperative dripping, which is simple and convenient and does not increase the risk of thrombosis.

Objective:To understand the research progress and quality of lung cancer screening guidelines and consensus in China and abroad, and to provide reference for the formulation of high-quality lung cancer screening guidelines in China.Methods:Databases including PubMed, Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, SinoMed, VIP and Wanfang Data were searched, websites and important references were also searched by hand retrieval. The Appraisal of Guidelines for Research & Evaluation Ⅱ(AGREE Ⅱ) and Reporting Items for Practice Guidelines in Healthcare (RIGHT) were used to assess the quality of newly published or updated guidelines and consensus.Results:A total of 9 guidelines and consensus published between 2015 and 2020 were included in this study, with countries including the United States, China, Canada, Saudi Arabia and South Africa. The field of scope and purpose and clarity of presentation scored relatively high but the rigor of development and applicability scored low. Five guidelines were judged to be A-level, all of which were published abroad, and the remaining four were B-level, including three guidelines and consensus issued by China and 1 guideline issued by South Africa. The report rate of RIGHT were higher in basic information and background, lower in review and quality assurance, funding and declaration and management of interests. There were 5 guidelines with a good level and 4 guidelines and consensus with a moderate level. The best overall quality guidelines were those published by the American College of Chest Physicians in 2018 and by the Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care in 2016.Conclusions:The number of countries and institutions that issue lung cancer screening guidelines and consensus had been increasing gradually, but the quality in China remained low. It is necessary to develop high-quality lung cancer screening guidelines suitable for China's national conditions in combination with evidence-based methods to guide practice.