OBJECTIVES: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is often diagnosed at a late stage due to its concealed location and exhibits marked regional clustering, posing a significant public health challenge in China. This study aims to analyze the disease burden of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in China using the latest 2021 Global Burden of Diseases (GBD) database, providing epidemiological evidence for precise prevention and control of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. METHODS: Age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), mortality rate, and disability-adjusted life year (DALY) rate were used as indicators of disease burden. Stratified analyses were conducted by age, sex, socio-demographic index (SDI), and relevant risk factors. The autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model and Bayesian age-period-cohort (BAPC) model were employed to project ASIR trends through 2050. RESULTS: In 2021, China's age-standardized incidence, mortality, and DALY rates of nasopharyngeal carcinoma were 3.4/100 000, 1.5/100 000, and 48.7/100 000, respectively, all higher than the global average. Across all age groups, Chinese males exhibited higher ASIR, mortality, and DALY rates than females. From 1990 to 2021, the disease burden of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in China decreased gradually with rising SDI. The proportion of nasopharyngeal carcinoma burden attributed to alcohol consumption, smoking, and occupational formaldehyde exposure in China exceeded global levels, especially among males. Projections from both models indicate a rising trend in ASIR for males, females, and the general population in China and globally from 2022 to 2050. CONCLUSIONS Over the past 30 years, the disease burden of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in China has decreased with the increasing SDI values but remains higher than the global average. Furthermore, ASIR is projected to increase over the next 30 years. It is imperative for China to enhance healthcare resource allocation for nasopharyngeal carcinoma prevention, diagnosis, and treatment, particularly among high-risk male populations.
Humans ; China/epidemiology* ; Male ; Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma/mortality* ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms/mortality* ; Adult ; Incidence ; Global Burden of Disease ; Disability-Adjusted Life Years ; Aged ; Risk Factors ; Adolescent ; Databases, Factual ; Young Adult ; Cost of Illness ; Child ; Bayes Theorem

Objective In response to the practical issues of pilot ground simulation ejection training relying on subjective evaluation,which requires high professionalism and lacks objectivity and systematicity,an objective evaluation system and method for ejection training based on pressure detection has been designed.Methods According to the rules of ejection training about posture,maneuver and time,and utilizing technologies such as pressure detection,infrared detection,and time-triggered detection,this paper designed separate modules for ejection posture detection,ejection timing detection,and comprehensive analysis and evaluation.These modules are closely integrated with the ejection training process,achieving objective evaluation of the ejection training.Results This system and method can provide a scientific and real-time objective evaluation of the posture,movements,and time in ejection training without affecting the normal organization and process.Conclusion The objective evaluation system can provide a new approach that is highly objective and easy to operate for comprehensively evaluating and enhancing the effectiveness of ejection training,as well as for scientifically conducting ejection training and assessment.

With the rapid development of aviation technology,the ability of pilots to fly successfully and safely has attracted much attention.Improving pilots'emergency evacuation capabilities is the responsibility of every aviation worker.The injury caused by pilot parachute jumping is an important issue in flight safety.During the parachute jumping process,the pilot will be subjected to various impact forces and aerodynamic forces,which can cause damage to the pilot's spine,nervous system,circulatory system,and multiple parts of the body,and even endanger lift.This article focuses on exploring the characteristics of pilot ejection parachute injuries,categorizing and summarizing them according to the location and factors of the injuries,and analyzing their protective strategies.Targeted ground ejection simulation training is conducted for pilots in different batches to improve the combat effectiveness of the armies.

Objective A new type fighter pilot's helmet comfort was investigated to provide basis for generalization and popularization.Methods A quantitative questionnaire was designed to evaluate the comfort of current helmets and new helmets by pilots of series A and B fighters,and compare the new helmets with the current helmets.Thirdly,quantitative statistics of questionnaires were carried out to analyze the pilot's opinions on current helmets and new helmets.Based on the structure and quality characteristics of current helmets and new helmets,the investigation results were analyzed and discussed.Results A total of 167 pilots from series A and B fighter aircraft participated in trial wear and questionnaire investigation of new helmets.Among them,103 pilots from series A fighters and 64 pilots from series B fighters.Compared with the pilot's current helmet,the new helmet is lightweight and comfortable.Among them,92.2%of the pilots of the series A believe that the new helmet is more comfortable than the current helmet,and 90.3%of pilots think it is necessary to replace the current helmet with the new helmet.90.6%of the pilots of the Series B think the new helmet is more comfortable than the current helmet,and 92.2%of pilots think it is necessary to replace the current helmet with the new helmet.Conclusion The new fighter pilot's helmet is light and comfortable,and has been widely praised by pilots.The research results provide data support and decision-making basis for its universalization and popularization.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a smart non-invasive blood glucose monitor prototype during pregnancy through clinical validation.The monitor utilizes near-infrared spectroscopy combined with AI big data analysis of photoelectric volumetric pulse wave data to achieve non-invasive monitoring of blood glucose in women during pregnancy.The research team developed a monitor that employs a sensing chip,effectively overcoming the problems of weak signals and individual differences in non-invasive blood glucose monitoring.The user experience is enhanced by visualizing the test results on the accompanying cell phone APP(application)of the smart non-invasive pregnancy blood glucose monitor.Clinical validation revealed that the non-invasive monitoring data for pregnant women aged 20～30 years significantly differed from those obtained via traditional blood glucose measurement methods,whereas no significant difference(P<0.05)was observed for pregnant women aged 31～42 years.The study concluded that further calibration of the monitor and an expansion of the sample size are necessary to enhance consistency with invasive glucose monitoring results.

Objective To establish an intelligent detection algorithm model for acute promyelocytic leukemia(M3 model)based on a contrast large model using machine learning statistical software and validate its effectiveness.Methods The data from 8 256 outpa-tients and inpatients who underwent complete blood cell analysis at Peking Union Medical College Hospital were retrieved and analyzed using the laboratory information system(LIS)and hospital information system(HIS).A M3 screening model was established and vali-dated using the data from outpatients and inpatients who underwent complete blood cell analysis at our hospital from July to October 2023.Results The M3 model demonstrated potential application value in screening for M3 disease in complete blood cell analysis,which showed certain efficacy in screening for neutrophil toxicity changes,particularly in identifying two cases of blue-green inclusion bodies in neutrophils.Conclusion The M3 model exhibited low specificity for M3 diagnosis.Future research should focus on increas-ing the number of M3-positive cases to optimize the model,ensuring high sensitivity while improving specificity.This model will provide assistance for the intelligent review of complete blood cell analysis.

Objective This study is focused on ultrasound multimodality examination,which refers to the combined use of three ultrasound examination modalities,ultrasound(US),acoustic radiation force impulse(ARFI)imaging,and contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS).The purpose of this study is to analyze the value of applying ultrasound multimodality examination in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant breast non-mass-like lesions(NMLs).Methods Cases of breast NMLs were analyzed retrospectively,and the nature of all the lesions was verified by pathological examination.Based on the gray-scale ultrasound image characteristics,the cases were classified into types Ⅰto Ⅴ,and type Ⅰ and type Ⅱ were further classified into 4 subtypes,Ⅰa,Ⅰ b,Ⅱ a,and Ⅱ b,according to whether there was also calcification,and the proportion of malignant cases in each subtype was statistically analyzed.Logistic regression models of US,US+ARFI,US+CEUS,and US+ARFI+CEUS for the diagnosis of malignant cases were established,ROC curves were drawn,the area under the curve(AUC)was calculated,and comparisons were made accordingly.The detection rate of malignant NMLs without calcification(atypical malignant NMLs)by the combination examination of US,ARFI,and CEUS was analyzed.Results A total of 407 cases were included in the study.All subjects were female,aged 22 to 81 years,with the average age being(47.0±1 1.0)years.There were 220 benign cases and 187 malignant cases.Ranked from the highest to the lowest,the malignancy proportion of the different types wasⅠb＞Ⅱb＞Ⅲ＞V＞Ⅰa＞Ⅱa＞Ⅳ.The malignant proportion of the low echo area with calcification was significantly higher than that of the lesions without calcification.The AUC(95％confidence interval[CI])for diagnosing malignant cases with the logistic regression models of US,US+ARFI,US+CEUS,and US+ARFI+CEUS were 0.895(0.862-0.927),0.908(0.878-0.937),0.921(0.893-0.948),and 0.927(0.902-0.952),respectively.Comparison of the AUC of the 4 regression models showed significant differences(P＜0.001).The detection rate of US for NMLs without calcification was 80.7％.When US was used in combination with ARFI and CEUS,86.4％of the malignant NMLs lesions without calcification could be detected if the lesion CEUS score was 4 or 5 points or if shear-wave velocity(SWV)≥4.28 m/s.Conclusion Breast NMLs with calcification show high risks of malignancy,and a pathological examination is always recommended for a conclusive diagnosis.Ultrasound multimodality examination can improve the diagnostic accuracy of breast NML without calcification.

【Objective】 To investigate the situation of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae(CRE) colonization in patients undergoing haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (haplo-HSCT). 【Methods】 A total of 241 consecutive patients who underwent haplo-HSCT in the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from June 1, 2021 to June 1, 2022 were enrolled. Anal swab screening was performed within 48 hours of admission and blood cultures were taken when the patient developed fever. Univariate and multivariate analysis were used to analyze the colonization rate, distribution, risk factors and the correlation between CRE colonization and post-transplant bloodstream infection(BSI). 【Results】 Among 241 patients with haplo-HSCT, there were 90 cases in CRE colonization positive group, with a colonization rate of 37.3% (90/241). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that sex (OR 2.42, 95% CI 1.38-4.22, P<0.05) and history of infection within 30 days before transplantation (OR 3.37, 95% CI 1.59-7.17, P<0.05) may be independent risk factors for CRE intestinal colonization. Of the 95 CRE strains, the top five species were carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (38/95, 40.0%), carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli (29/95, 30.5%), carbapenem-resistant Enterobacter cloacae (13/95, 13.6%), carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella acidophilus (6/95, 6.3%) and carbapenem-resistant Proteus mirabilis (3/95, 3.1%). The incidence of post-transplant BSI was 12.0% (29/241) in the CRE-colonized group and 3.3% (8/241) in the non-colonized group. In the colonization group, 100% of the pathogens of BSI were identical with those of CRE colonization. 【Conclusion】 Bacterial culture of anal swab during haplo-HSCT is helpful for detection of CRE colonization in intestinal tract, which provides some clinical basis for active monitoring of key flora, prevention and control of infection.

The Monte Carlo N-Particle (MCNP) is often used to calculate the radiation dose during computed tomography (CT) scans. However, the physical calculation process of the model is complicated, the input file structure of the program is complex, and the three-dimensional (3D) display of the geometric model is not supported, so that the researchers cannot establish an accurate CT radiation system model, which affects the accuracy of the dose calculation results. Aiming at these two problems, this study designed a software that visualized CT modeling and automatically generated input files. In terms of model calculation, the theoretical basis was based on the integration of CT modeling improvement schemes of major researchers. For 3D model visualization, LabVIEW was used as the new development platform, constructive solid geometry (CSG) was used as the algorithm principle, and the introduction of editing of MCNP input files was used to visualize CT geometry modeling. Compared with a CT model established by a recent study, the root mean square error between the results simulated by this visual CT modeling software and the actual measurement was smaller. In conclusion, the proposed CT visualization modeling software can not only help researchers to obtain an accurate CT radiation system model, but also provide a new research idea for the geometric modeling visualization method of MCNP.
Radiation Dosage ; Software Design ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods* ; Software ; Algorithms ; Phantoms, Imaging ; Monte Carlo Method

In recent years, photon-counting computed tomography (PCD-CT) based on photon-counting detectors (PCDs) has become increasingly utilized in clinical practice. Compared with conventional CT, PCD-CT has the potential to achieve micron-level spatial resolution, lower radiation dose, negligible electronic noise, multi-energy imaging, and material identification, etc. This advancement facilitates the promotion of ultra-low dose scans in clinical scenarios, potentially detecting minimal and hidden lesions, thus significantly improving image quality. However, the current state of the art is limited and issues such as charge sharing, pulse pileup, K-escape and count rate drift remain unresolved. These issues could lead to a decrease in image resolution and energy resolution, while an increasing in image noise and ring artifact and so on. This article systematically reviewed the physical principles of PCD-CT, and outlined the structural differences between PCDs and energy integration detectors (EIDs), and the current challenges in the development of PCD-CT. In addition, the advantages and disadvantages of three detector materials were analysed. Then, the clinical benefits of PCD-CT were presented through the clinical application of PCD-CT in the three diseases with the highest mortality rate in China (cardiovascular disease, tumour and respiratory disease). The overall aim of the article is to comprehensively assist medical professionals in understanding the technological innovations and current technical limitations of PCD-CT, while highlighting the urgent problems that PCD-CT needs to address in the coming years.
Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods* ; Photons ; Noise ; China ; Phantoms, Imaging