OBJECTIVE To explore the mechanism of action of Qingre huatan huoxue decoction against atherosclerosis （AS）based on macrophage polarization. METHODS Using atorvastatin served as the positive control， the drug-containing serum of the Qingre huatan huoxue decoction was prepared to treat RAW264.7 macrophages. Macrophage viability， apoptosis rate， and the fluorescence intensities of CD86 and CD206 were measured， along with the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） and interleukin-1β （IL-1β）. Apolipoprotei n E-deficient （ApoE －/－ ） mice （AS model mice） fed with a high-fat diet were randomly assigned to model group， atorvastatin group （2.6 mg/kg）， and low-， medium- and high-dose groups of Qingre huatan huoxue decoction （90， 180， 360 mg/kg）， respectively. C57BL/6J mice fed with a standard diet served as the normal control group， with 10 mice per group. The treatment group mice were administered the corresponding drugs intragastrically， once daily， for 8 consecutive weeks. Serum levels of TNF-α and IL-1β were measured in all groups. Lipid deposition in the aorta （assessed by the percentage of plaque in the entire aorta and aortic root） and morphological changes in the aortic root were observed. Expression levels of CD86 and CD206 in aortic tissue， as well as the protein expression levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase （iNOS）， arginase-1 （Arg-1）， AMP-activated protein kinase （AMPK）， phosphorylated AMPK （p-AMPK）， and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ （PPAR-γ） in aortic tissues were all detected. RESULTS Cell experiment results showed that， at concentrations of 5-100 μg/mL， the drug-containing serum of the Qingre huatan huoxue decoction significantly increased RAW264.7 cell viability （ P ＜0.05）. The drug-containing serum of the Qingre huatan huoxue decoction at concentrations of 10， 50， and 100 μg/mL， along with atorvastatin， significantly reduced apoptosis rates， CD86 fluorescence intensity， and TNF-α and IL-1β levels in RAW264.7 cells， while markedly enhancing CD206 fluorescence intensity （ P ＜0.05）. Animal experiment results showed that， compared with the model group， all dosage groups of Qingre huatan huoxue decoction and the atorvastatin group showed significantly reduced/down-regulated levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in serum， along with decreased aortic total and root plaque percentages， CD86 expression， and iNOS protein expression. CD206 expression and Arg-1， p-AMPK/AMPK， PPAR-γ protein expression were significantly up-regulated （ P ＜0.05）. Pathological morphology of the aorta showed varying degrees of improvement. CONCLUSIONS The formula of Qingre huatan huoxue decoction exerts its anti-AS effects by regulating macrophage polarization， increasing the proportion of M2 macrophages， thereby effectively inhibiting AS plaque formation and reducing inflammatory responses.

Linxian County in Henan Province, Northern China is known as the region with the highest incidence and mortality rate of esophageal cancer worldwide. Since 1959, the Henan medical team has conducted field work on esophageal cancer prevention and treatment in Linxian. Through three generations of effort exerted by oncologists over 65 years of research on esophageal cancer prevention and treatment in Linxian, the incidence rate of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in this area has dropped by nearly 50%, and the 5-year survival rate has increased to 40%, reaching the international leading level. This article aims to summarize the history, present opportunities and new challenges, and explore the experience of esophageal cancer prevention and treatment in Linxian (referred to as the “Linxian experience”), providing reference and guidance to cancer prevention and treatment research in China.

Endothelial dysfunction is a key factor linking obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) with cardiovascular diseases. In this study, we used advanced proteomics and metabolomics approaches to investigate the impact of extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from the serum of OSAHS patients on endothelial function. Our multi-omics analysis identified dysregulated pathways related to fatty acid metabolism, apoptosis regulation, and inflammatory responses, highlighting fatty acid synthase (FASN) as a crucial player in OSAHS-induced endothelial dysfunction. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that FASN-enriched EVs impair endothelial cell viability and disrupt metabolic homeostasis, offering new insights for the development of targeted therapies for cardiovascular complications associated with OSAHS.

This study aims to explore protective effects of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides(LBP)on intestinal damage caused by lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)in chicks.Network pharmacology was initially employed to determine the target proteins of wolfberry in the prevention and treatment of IBD.Following this,protein-protein interaction analy-sis,GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis,and molecular docking studies were conducted.Subsequently,an animal study was conducted:a total of 100 one-day-old male Hy-line brown lay-ing hens were randomly divided into five groups:a blank control group(CON),an LPS treatment group(LPS),a low-dose LBP group(LPS+LBP 0.25 g/L,L-LBP),a medium-dose LBP group(LPS+LBP 0.5 g/L,M-LBP),and a high-dose LBP group(LPS+LBP 1 g/L,H-LBP).Upon reac-hing 21 days old,duodenal,jejunal,ileal,and cecal tissues were collected to determine SOD and GSH-Px levels.Furthermore,the mRNA expression levels of TNF-α,AKT1,IL-6,IL-1β and TP53 in the intestinal tissues were measured using quantitative real-time PCR.The results demonstrated that network pharmacology identified 45 active ingredients in wolfberry that target 116 key protein sites,including TNF,AKT1 and IL6.The primary objectives focus on signaling pathways including AGE-RAGE,IL-17,TNF,HIF-1,and NF-κB.Molecular docking showed excellent ligand-receptor docking scores,with stable binding facilitated by hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions.Compared to the LPS group,the 0.5 g/L LBP exhibited notably higher levels of SOD and T-AOC.In comparison with the LPS group,the medium and high-dose LBP experimental groups showed notably decreased the mRNA expressions of TNF-α,AKT1,IL-6,and IL-1β,while TP53 mRNA expression was significantly upregulated(P＜0.01).In summary,wolfberry exerts preventive and therapeutic effects on IBD through a multi-component,multi-target,and multi-pathway mecha-nism.

Objective To explore the value of time-dependent diffusion MRI(td-dMRI)parameters for differentiating invasive breast cancer(IBC)with ductal carcinoma in situ(DCIS)(IBC-DCIS)from simple IBC.Methods A total of 19 patients with IBC-DCIS(IBC-DCIS group)and 53 patients with simple IBC(IBC group)confirmed by surgery and postoperation pathology were retrospectively enrolled.Breast td-dMRI acquired with oscillating gradient spin-echo(OGSE)and pulsed gradient spin-echo(PGSE)sequences before operation were interpreted,and apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC)and microstructure parameters,including OGSE-ADC value,PGSE-ADC value,cellularity,cell diameter,intracellular volume fraction and extracellular diffusion coefficient were obtained and compared between groups.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves of parameters being significantly different between groups were plotted,and the area under the curve(AUC)was calculated to evaluate the efficacy of these parameters for differentiating IBC-DCIS from IBC.Results Significant differences of OGSE-ADC value,PGSE-ADC value,cellularity,cell diameter,intracellular volume fraction and extracellular diffusion coefficient were found between groups(all P＜0.05).The AUC of the above parameters for differentiating IBC-DCIS from IBC was 0.81,0.79,0.78,0.68,0.77 and 0.81,respectively.Conclusion td-dMRI parameters could be used to noninvasively and effectively differentiate IBC-DCIS from simple IBC.

Objective To explore the value of time-dependent diffusion MRI(td-dMRI)parameters for differentiating invasive breast cancer(IBC)with ductal carcinoma in situ(DCIS)(IBC-DCIS)from simple IBC.Methods A total of 19 patients with IBC-DCIS(IBC-DCIS group)and 53 patients with simple IBC(IBC group)confirmed by surgery and postoperation pathology were retrospectively enrolled.Breast td-dMRI acquired with oscillating gradient spin-echo(OGSE)and pulsed gradient spin-echo(PGSE)sequences before operation were interpreted,and apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC)and microstructure parameters,including OGSE-ADC value,PGSE-ADC value,cellularity,cell diameter,intracellular volume fraction and extracellular diffusion coefficient were obtained and compared between groups.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves of parameters being significantly different between groups were plotted,and the area under the curve(AUC)was calculated to evaluate the efficacy of these parameters for differentiating IBC-DCIS from IBC.Results Significant differences of OGSE-ADC value,PGSE-ADC value,cellularity,cell diameter,intracellular volume fraction and extracellular diffusion coefficient were found between groups(all P＜0.05).The AUC of the above parameters for differentiating IBC-DCIS from IBC was 0.81,0.79,0.78,0.68,0.77 and 0.81,respectively.Conclusion td-dMRI parameters could be used to noninvasively and effectively differentiate IBC-DCIS from simple IBC.

This study aims to explore protective effects of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides(LBP)on intestinal damage caused by lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)in chicks.Network pharmacology was initially employed to determine the target proteins of wolfberry in the prevention and treatment of IBD.Following this,protein-protein interaction analy-sis,GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis,and molecular docking studies were conducted.Subsequently,an animal study was conducted:a total of 100 one-day-old male Hy-line brown lay-ing hens were randomly divided into five groups:a blank control group(CON),an LPS treatment group(LPS),a low-dose LBP group(LPS+LBP 0.25 g/L,L-LBP),a medium-dose LBP group(LPS+LBP 0.5 g/L,M-LBP),and a high-dose LBP group(LPS+LBP 1 g/L,H-LBP).Upon reac-hing 21 days old,duodenal,jejunal,ileal,and cecal tissues were collected to determine SOD and GSH-Px levels.Furthermore,the mRNA expression levels of TNF-α,AKT1,IL-6,IL-1β and TP53 in the intestinal tissues were measured using quantitative real-time PCR.The results demonstrated that network pharmacology identified 45 active ingredients in wolfberry that target 116 key protein sites,including TNF,AKT1 and IL6.The primary objectives focus on signaling pathways including AGE-RAGE,IL-17,TNF,HIF-1,and NF-κB.Molecular docking showed excellent ligand-receptor docking scores,with stable binding facilitated by hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions.Compared to the LPS group,the 0.5 g/L LBP exhibited notably higher levels of SOD and T-AOC.In comparison with the LPS group,the medium and high-dose LBP experimental groups showed notably decreased the mRNA expressions of TNF-α,AKT1,IL-6,and IL-1β,while TP53 mRNA expression was significantly upregulated(P＜0.01).In summary,wolfberry exerts preventive and therapeutic effects on IBD through a multi-component,multi-target,and multi-pathway mecha-nism.

Objective:To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in children in Tianjin, and provide reference for the prevention and treatment of RSV infection in children.Methods:Clinical data of 2 743 children with acute respiratory infections treated at the Tianjin Fifth Central Hospital from January 2022 to January 2024 were collected. Multiplex fluorescent PCR was used to detect the nucleic acid fragments of six respiratory pathogens including Mycoplasma pneumoniae, human rhinovirus, adenovirus, influenza A virus, influenza B virus and RSV in the throat swabs of the patients. A retrospective analysis was performed on the epidemiological and clinical data of RSV-RNA positive cases. Results:The positive rate of RSV-RNA in the 2 743 children was 15.09% (414/2 743). The positive rate of RSV-RNA was 9.29% (73/786) in 2022 and 16.53% (302/1 827) in 2023, with a statistically significant difference between the two years (χ 2=23.45, P<0.05). The incidence of RSV infection in winter and spring was significantly different from that in summer and autumn (χ 2=19.46, P<0.05). The highest and the lowest infection rates of RSV were found in winter (19.32%, 193/999) and autumn (9.43%, 45/477), respectively. There was a significant difference in RSV infection rate among different age groups (χ 2=71.38, P<0.05), with the highest infection rate in the age group of 0-2 years (21.18%, 230/1 086), and the lowest infection rate in the age group of 6-8 years (6.29%, 27/429). Among the 414 children with RSV infection, 359 cases (84.97%) were infected with RSV alone, while the other 55 cases (13.29%) were infected with mixed pathogens. Fifty-two cases had co-infection of RSV and one other pathogen. The most common pathogens in co-infection cases were human rhinovirus (4.83%, 20/414) and Mycoplasma pneumoniae (6.04%, 25/414). Conclusions:The RSV infection rate among children with acute respiratory tract infection in Tianjin from 2022 to 2024 was 15.09%, with the highest infection rate in spring and the lowest infection rate in autumn. RSV infection can occur in children of all ages, with the highest infection rate in children aged 0-2 years and the lowest infection rate in children aged 6-8 years. RSV infection is often complicated by other respiratory pathogens, and the most common pathogens are human rhinovirus and Mycoplasma pneumoniae.

Malignant tumors in children are one of the most important diseases that threaten the health and quality of life of children and are the second most common cause of death in children.With the continuous improvement and progress of treatment technology, the long-term survival rate of children with tumor has been significantly improved, but both the disease itself and the treatment can impair the immune function of children, which makes them vulnerable to various infectious diseases and secondary serious complications, and even become a source of infection, endangering the health of others. Vaccination is the most cost-effective measure to prevent infectious diseases. For children with normal immune functions, the benefits of vaccination usually outweigh the disadvantages. However, there is a lack of detailed data on the vaccination situation, efficacy and safety of vaccine use for such immunocompromised tumor survivors, and there are no authoritative and uniform vaccination recommendations. This article reviewed and summarized the literature and consensus of some domestic and foreign scholars on current status of post-treatment vaccination status, efficacy and safety of vaccination for children with tumors after treatment, with the aim of providing a reference for the practice in this field in China.

To investigate the effect of the polysaccharide derived from Atractylodes macrocephala koidz.(PAMK)on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced acute kidney injury in juvenile laying hens.A total of 100 one-day-old male Hy-Line brown laying hens were randomly divided into five groups:a control group(CON group),an LPS treatment group(LPS group),a PAMK low-dose group(LPS+PAMK 250 mg/L,group A),a PAMK medium-dose group(LPS+PAMK 500 mg/L,group B),and a PAMK high-dose group(LPS+PAMK 1 000 mg/L,group C).The PAMK-treated groups were fed with corresponding doses of PAMK mixed with water daily from 1-20 days of age.At the age of 14,16,18 and 20 days,the chickens in the LPS group and PAMK-treated groups were intraperitoneally injected with LPS,while the chickens in the blank control group were injec-ted with the same volume of normal saline.After feeding for 21 days,the kidneys were collected,and pathological changes in kidney tissue sections were observed using hematoxylin and eosin(HE)staining.Kidney weight and chick weight were measured to calculate the kidney coefficient.The levels of BUN,CRE,MDA,SOD,GSH-Px and T-AOC in kidney tissues were measured.The contents of TNF-α and IL-1β were determined by ELISA.The mRNA expression of inflammatory factor genes(IL-1β,TNF-α and NF-κB)and apoptosis-related factors(p53,Bcl-2,Bax and Caspase-3)in the kidneys was detected using quantitative real-time PCR.The results indicated that PAMK alleviated LPS-induced renal tissue injury.Compared to the LPS group,PAMK significantly re-duced the kidney coefficient and BUN concentration in the kidneys(P＜0.05).Additionally,the levels of TNF-α and IL-1β,as well as the mRNA expression of TNF-α,IL-1β,and NF-κB in the PAMK group,were decreased compared to the LPS group.Furthermore,T-AOC,SOD and GSH-Px activities in the PAMK group were significantly increased(P＜0.05),while MDA content was significantly decreased(P＜0.01).Compared with the LPS group,the mRNA expression of Bax,Caspase-3 and p53 in the PAMK low-dose group and the PAMK medium-dose group decreased,while the mRNA expression of Bcl-2 increased.In conclusion,PAMK can inhibit the inflammatory response and oxidative stress response caused by LPS,and alleviate the apoptosis of kidney cells,and the treatment effect of PAMK in the middle dose group is the best,which provides a theoreti-cal basis for PAMK treatment of acute kidney injury in chickens.