ObjectiveTo summarize the application experience of the "Three-Separation" model in the pre-service training of laboratory animal practitioners and scientifically evaluate its training effectiveness. MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted on 8 009 practitioners who participated in pre-service training at the Fujian Provincial Laboratory Animal Training Base from January 2010 to December 2025. Among them, 1 250 trainees from January 2010 to December 2017 were included in the control group (traditional training model), and 6 759 trainees from January 2018 to December 2025 were included in the evaluation group ("Three-Separation" model, based on separating job requirements, differentiating exam content, and categorizing exam methods). Meanwhile, a questionnaire survey was conducted to evaluate training effectiveness, yielding 1 624 valid questionnaires (585 from the control group and 1 039 from the evaluation group). The "Three-Separation" model simultaneously optimized fee structures to improve affordability and inclusiveness. The comprehensive competencies and training satisfaction of the two groups after training were compared and analyzed using the independent sample t-test, χ² test, and Wilcoxon rank-sum test. ResultsThe overall satisfaction rate of the evaluation group was 92.49% (961/1 039), significantly higher than that of the control group (77.78%, 455/585), with a highly significant difference (χ²=72.50, P<0.001). The evaluation group showed a more favorable distribution of positive, neutral, and negative ratings in dimensions such as course pertinence, time flexibility, assessment rationality, and reasonableness of fees, and the positive rating rates were highly significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.001). The comprehensive pass rate of the evaluation group (95.53%) was significantly higher than that of the control group (86.24%), with a highly significant difference (P<0.001). ConclusionThe scientific application of the "Three-Separation" model can accurately match the competency requirements of different positions, optimize the training and assessment system, reduce participation barriers by making training fees more affordable and accessible, effectively improve the comprehensive quality and training satisfaction of laboratory animal practitioners, achieve better teaching outcomes, and provide replicable and promotable practical references for the standardized upgrading of the training system in the laboratory animal industry and other industries.

Objective:To compare the efficacy and safety of Rotarex mechanical thrombectomy (Rotarex) combined with drug-coated balloon (DCB) versus percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) combined with DCB in the treatment of femoropopliteal artery in-stent restenosis (ISR).Methods:A multicenter, prospective, randomized controlled trial was conducted. 46 patients with femoropopliteal artery ISR admitted to five hospitals (Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University; Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University) from July 2020 to June 2024 were enrolled. Patients were randomly divided into the Rotarex+ DCB group ( n=24) and the PTA+ DCB group ( n=22) using a random number table. The clinical data of the two groups were collected, including clinical characteristics, Fontaine classification, stent placement location, stent duration, and lesion length. The primary endpoint was the target blood vessel patency rate at 6 and 12 months postoperatively; the secondary endpoints included improvement in clinical symptoms (Fontaine classification), rate of reintervention, and safety indicators. Measurement data were expressed as mean±standard deviation ( ± s), and the t-test was used for comparison between groups; count data were expressed as the number of cases and percentages, and intergroup comparisons were performed using the Chi-test or Fisher exact probability method. Results:At 12 months postoperatively, the target blood vessel patency rate in the Rotarex+ DCB group was significantly higher than that in the PTA+ DCB group (81.8% vs 45.5%, P=0.012), and the proportion of patients in Fontaine classification stage I was also higher (86.4% vs 45.5%, P=0.004). The results at the 6-month follow-up were consistent (target blood vessel patency rate: 87.0% vs 59.1%, P=0.035). In terms of safety, no severe complications such as arterial rupture, amputation, or procedure-related death occurred during the perioperative period in either group. During the postoperative follow-up, no amputation or procedure-related deaths occurred in either group. Conclusion:For the treatment of femoropopliteal artery ISR, Rotarex mechanical thrombectomy combined with DCB is significantly superior to PTA+ DCB in terms of 12-month target blood vessel patency rate and improvement of clinical symptoms, with comparable safety.

Military training represents one of the most essential activities for troops during peacetime,of which the prevention and treatment of training-induced injuries are a very important part.Recent findings of research suggest that cold atmospheric plasma(CAP)exhibits a distinctive and multifaceted superiority in terms of broad-spectrum sterilization,rapid blood coagulation and healing promotion for wounds.Consequently,CAP has good prospects of applications in diverse fields such as clinical medicine,emergency rescue and military medicine.Based on a review of the research progress in plasma medicine,the applicability of CAP in the prevention and treatment of military training injuries was discussed in this paper by focusing on the urgent issues related to military training injury,including the typical application scenarios and methods for CAP,the safety and effectiveness of plasma trauma prevention and treatment,and the key issues facing the prevention and treatment of military training injuries.

Objective To investigate the effect of Haematococcus pluvialis(HP)on bleomycin(BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice and on TGF-β1-induced human fetal lung fibroblasts(HFL1).Methods Thirty male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into control group,BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis model group,low-and high-dose HP treatment groups(3 and 21 mg/kg,respectively),and 300 mg/kg pirfenidone(positive control)group.The effects of drug treatment for 21 days were assessed by examining respiratory function,lung histopathology,and expression of fibrosis markers in the lung tissues of the mouse models.In TGF-β1-induced HFL1 cell cultures,the effects of treatment with 120,180 and 240 μg/mL HP or 1.85 μg/mL pirfenidone for 48 h on expression levels of fibrosis markers were evaluated.Transcriptome analysis was carried out using the control cells and cells treated with TGF-β1 and 240 μg/mL HP.Results HP obviously alleviated BLM-induced lung function damage and fibrotic changes in mice,evidenced by improved respiratory function,lung tissue morphology and structure,inflammatory infiltration,and collagen deposition and reduced expressions of fibrotic proteins.HP at the high dose produced similar effect to PFD.In TGF-β1-induced HFL1 cells,treatment with 240 μg/mL HP significantly reduced the mRNA and protein expression levels of α-SMA and FN.Transcriptome analysis revealed that multiple key genes and pathways mediated the protective effect of HP against pulmonary fibrosis.Conclusion HP alleviates pulmonary fibrosis in both the mouse model and cell model,possibly as the result of the synergistic effects of its multiple active components.

Objective:To observe any differences in the brain′s functional responses during swallowing with healthy young, middle-aged and elderly individuals.Methods:Fifteen healthy young people formed the youth group, while 15 healthy middle-aged or elderly subjects were the middle-aged and elderly group. Both groups performed repeated swallowing tasks while being observed using functional near-infrared spectroscopy. The data were processed using NirSpark software, and brain activation was compared between the two groups.Results:Swallowing-related brain regions were all significantly activated in the youth group, while in the middle-aged and elderly group only the primary motor cortex (M1), primary somatosensory cortex (PSC), premotor and supplementary motor cortex (pSMC), and inferior central region on the left side showed significantly increased activation. Compared to the youth group, the middle-aged and elderly group exhibited significantly reduced activation in seven channels, including the right M1 and pSMC, the left M1, the pSMC, the PSC, the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and frontal pole area.Conclusions:The middle-aged and elderly show significantly less activation in certain brain regions during swallowing compared with younger persons. That may be related to aging and its associated cognitive decline, as well as reduced motor and sensory abilities related to swallowing.

Objective:To explore the factors influencing the recovery of swallowing function after a brainstem hemorrhage and to construct a prediction model.Methods:Clinical data on 134 persons with dysphagia after a brainstem hemorrhage were collected retrospectively. According to their swallowing ability at discharge, the patients were divided into a swallowing recovery group and a non-recovery group. Univariate correlation analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to explore the independent factors influencing the recovery of swallowing function and to construct a prediction nomogram. The receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves were evaluated to analyze the nomogram′s predictive value and those of the relevant influencing factors.Results:Sixty-two of the patients (46%) had recovered their swallowing function at discharge, while 72 (54%) had not. Univariate correlation analysis showed that there had been significant differences in tracheal intubation, NIHSS score, FOIS score, Barthel index and Glasgow coma scale (GCS )score between the two groups, on average. The multivariate logistic regressions showed that a low NIHSS score, a high FOIS score and a high GCS score were independent predictors of swallowing function recovery, so they were used in the prediction model. ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of the prediction model was 0.953 (95% CI: 0.902~0.982) with a sensitivity of 87% and a specificity of 93%. The model′s predictions were thus better than using an NIHSS score, GCS score or FOIS score alone. Conclusions:NIHSS score, GCS score and FOIS score can independently predict the recovery of swallowing function after a brainstem hemorrhage. A prediction model constructed using all three has good predictive power.

Objective:To observe any therapeutic effect of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) combined with intermittent oroesophageal tube feeding (IOE) on dysphagia among ischemic stroke survivors.Methods:Eighty-four ischemic stroke survivors with dysphagia were randomized into an observation group and a control group, each of 42. In addition to conventional rehabilitation, swallowing training and IOE, the observation group received tDCS while the control group received sham stimulation. Before and after 14 days of this treatment, both groups′ swallowing, life quality and depression were evaluated using the Penetration Aspiration Scale (PAS), the Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS), the Dysphagia Handicap Index (DHI), and a 9-item patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9).Results:There were no significant differences between the two groups before the experiment in terms of their general data, their average PAS, FOIS, DHI or PHQ-9 scores, or the incidence of depression. After the treatment, significant improvement was observed in the above indicators among both groups, but with significantly better average PAS, FOIS, DHI [(51.25±6.78) vs. (44.78±5.75)] and PHQ-9 [(4.17±1.15) vs. (6.01±1.93)] scores and less depression (14.29% vs. 42.86%) in the observation group compared with the control group.Conclusions:Combining tDCS with IOE better improves swallowing function, depression, and life quality after an ischemic stroke.

Objective:To explore the risk factors for malnutrition after a traumatic brain injury and to construct a model which usefully predicts that risk.Methods:This was a retrospective study of 374 patients with a craniocerebral injury for whom the relevant clinical data were available. Based on their nutritional status, they were stratified into a malnutrition group ( n=220) and a control group ( n=154). Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were evaluated seeking to identify the independent risk factors associated with malnutrition, and a prediction model was constructed based on the results. The model′s discrimination ability and accuracy were assessed using a receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve. Results:A total of 220 patients (58.8%) developed malnutrition. Multifactorial logistic regression analysis showed that the independent risk factors for malnutrition were: age ≥60 years, pulmonary infection, dysphagia, cognitive impairment, a GCS score ≤8, or a Barthel index ≤40. In the ROC curve analysis, the area under the curve quantifying the model′s ability to predict malnutrition was 0.924 (95% CI: 0.896, 0.951), with a sensitivity of 0.868 and a specificity of 0.857, indicating its good prediction performance. Conclusions:Age ≥60 years, pulmonary infection, dysphagia, cognitive impairment, a GCS score ≤8 or a Barthel index ≤40 are independent predictors of malnutrition after a traumatic brain injury. The prediction model constructed based on those risk factors has demonstrated useful predictive power for malnutrition.

Objective:To evaluate spinal-pelvic mobility and sagittal spinal-pelvic alignment characteristics in patients with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH), and to investigate differences in sagittal spinal-pelvic parameters between patients with DDH and those with osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH).Methods:A total of 55 patients with DDH who underwent primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) at the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University between April 2021 and March 2024 were retrospectively analyzed. The cohort included 8 males and 47 females, with a mean age of 56.16±10.82 years (range: 26-76 years). Among them, 18 patients had bilateral DDH and 37 had unilateral DDH. Fifty-five age- and sex-matched patients with ONFH were selected as the control group. Unilateral DDH cases were classified according to the Hartofilakidis classification: 18 cases of type A, 13 cases of type B, and 6 cases of type C. Lateral spinal-pelvic radiographs were used to measure pelvic incidence (PI), pelvic tilt (PT), sacral slope (SS), and lumbar lordosis (LL) in both standing and sitting positions. Changes in sagittal spinal-pelvic parameters between standing and sitting positions were analyzed to assess spinal-pelvic mobility. Spinal-pelvic mobility was considered abnormal if △SS was outside the range of 10°-30°. Abnormal mobility was further categorized as stiffness (△SS<10°) or hypermobility (△SS>30°).Results:The PI (52.37°±12.43°), standing PT (12.13°±9.50°), and sitting PT (36.49°±13.43°) of DDH patients were significantly higher than those of ONFH patients (44.88°±11.38°, 7.80°±11.36°, and 28.91°±11.38°, respectively), with statistically significant differences ( P<0.05). Abnormal spinal-pelvic mobility, including both stiffness and hypermobility, was observed in 53% of DDH patients, with stiffness accounting for 20%. These proportions were significantly higher than those in ONFH patients, which were 24% and 6%, respectively ( P<0.05). The prevalence of abnormal spinal-pelvic mobility in Hartofilakidis type C DDH patients was 83%, significantly higher than the 30.8% observed in type B patients (χ 2=4.550, P=0.033). The standing LL (54.37°±11.59°) and sitting LL (28.56°±15.51°) in unilateral DDH patients were significantly greater than those in bilateral DDH patients (46.88°±15.30° and 20.42°±9.77°, respectively), with statistically significant differences ( P< 0.05). Conclusions:Compared with patients with ONFH, those with DDH demonstrate a higher prevalence of abnormal spinal-pelvic mobility, particularly a greater incidence of spinal stiffness. Among DDH subtypes, Hartofilakidis type C patients exhibit a higher proportion of abnormal mobility compared to types A and B. Additionally, patients with unilateral DDH present with greater lumbar lordosis than those with bilateral involvement.

Objectives:To investigate the mid-term outcomes of percutaneous cement discoplasty(PCD)in the treatment of lumbar axial instability,and analyze its technical keypoints and indications.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on 9 patients with axial lumbar instability treated with PCD from January 2018 to December 2019.There were 5 males and 4 females,aged 62-87 years(75.7±8.2 years),with a follow-up period of 0.5-3 years,averaged 2.3±1.0 years.Three cases had three-disc operation at the same time,three had double-space operation and three had single-space operation,involving L2/3 disc in 3 cases,L3/4 disc in 3 cases,L4/5 disc in 4 cases,and L5/S1 disc in 3 cases.Lumbar anteroposterior and lateral ra-diographs in supine and standing positions were performed before operation,at postoperative 1d,3,6,12 months and final follow-up to measure the height of intervertebral space of responsible level,as well as the sagittal area of intervertebral foramen at responsible level.Visual analogue scale(VAS)and Oswestry disability index(ODI)were used to evaluate the pain and function before surgery,at 1d,3 months,6 months,12 months and final follow-up after operation to assess the clinical efficacy.The amount of bone cement injected in each intervertebral disc,the time of operation and the amount of blood loss were recorded respectively.Results:All the patients successfully completed the operation,no bone cement leakage occurred.The VAS score and ODI after operation were significantly improved compared with those before operation(P＜0.05).The injection volume of bone cement per intervertebral disc was 3.50±0.73mL.The operative time of each disc was 16.33±1.28min,and the blood loss of each disc was 3.83±0.71mL.The height of intervertebral space of responsible level at various time points after operation was different from that before operation(P＜0.05),and there was no difference in any two time points after operation.The sagittal area of intervertebral foramen at each time point after operation was different from that before operation(P＜0.05),and there was difference be-tween postoperative 1d and the final follow-up values(P＜0.05).Conclusions:PCD can increase the height of the intervertebral space after surgery,relieve lumbar pain,and have a lasting effect in the treatment of lum-bar instability,which is safe with satisfactory mid-term effect,and not prone to bone cement leakage,but long-term large-sample follow-up is still needed.