Objective:To evaluate spinal-pelvic mobility and sagittal spinal-pelvic alignment characteristics in patients with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH), and to investigate differences in sagittal spinal-pelvic parameters between patients with DDH and those with osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH).Methods:A total of 55 patients with DDH who underwent primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) at the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University between April 2021 and March 2024 were retrospectively analyzed. The cohort included 8 males and 47 females, with a mean age of 56.16±10.82 years (range: 26-76 years). Among them, 18 patients had bilateral DDH and 37 had unilateral DDH. Fifty-five age- and sex-matched patients with ONFH were selected as the control group. Unilateral DDH cases were classified according to the Hartofilakidis classification: 18 cases of type A, 13 cases of type B, and 6 cases of type C. Lateral spinal-pelvic radiographs were used to measure pelvic incidence (PI), pelvic tilt (PT), sacral slope (SS), and lumbar lordosis (LL) in both standing and sitting positions. Changes in sagittal spinal-pelvic parameters between standing and sitting positions were analyzed to assess spinal-pelvic mobility. Spinal-pelvic mobility was considered abnormal if △SS was outside the range of 10°-30°. Abnormal mobility was further categorized as stiffness (△SS<10°) or hypermobility (△SS>30°).Results:The PI (52.37°±12.43°), standing PT (12.13°±9.50°), and sitting PT (36.49°±13.43°) of DDH patients were significantly higher than those of ONFH patients (44.88°±11.38°, 7.80°±11.36°, and 28.91°±11.38°, respectively), with statistically significant differences ( P<0.05). Abnormal spinal-pelvic mobility, including both stiffness and hypermobility, was observed in 53% of DDH patients, with stiffness accounting for 20%. These proportions were significantly higher than those in ONFH patients, which were 24% and 6%, respectively ( P<0.05). The prevalence of abnormal spinal-pelvic mobility in Hartofilakidis type C DDH patients was 83%, significantly higher than the 30.8% observed in type B patients (χ 2=4.550, P=0.033). The standing LL (54.37°±11.59°) and sitting LL (28.56°±15.51°) in unilateral DDH patients were significantly greater than those in bilateral DDH patients (46.88°±15.30° and 20.42°±9.77°, respectively), with statistically significant differences ( P< 0.05). Conclusions:Compared with patients with ONFH, those with DDH demonstrate a higher prevalence of abnormal spinal-pelvic mobility, particularly a greater incidence of spinal stiffness. Among DDH subtypes, Hartofilakidis type C patients exhibit a higher proportion of abnormal mobility compared to types A and B. Additionally, patients with unilateral DDH present with greater lumbar lordosis than those with bilateral involvement.

Polycystic ovary syndrome is a common condition among women of childbearing age that seriously affects their physical and mental health. The pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome is complex, involving multiple factors, such as genetics, endocrine function, metabolism, and inflammation. Various treatment methods for polycystic ovary syndrome are available, including lifestyle interventions, medication therapy, ovulation induction therapy, and surgical treatment. Each of these approaches requires individualized treatment plans tailored to the specific circumstances of the patient. With the continuous advancement of research, it is believed that more effective treatment methods will emerge, leading to better outcomes for patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. This paper aims to provide a review of the pathogenesis and treatment research progress of polycystic ovary syndrome.

Objective:To evaluate spinal-pelvic mobility and sagittal spinal-pelvic alignment characteristics in patients with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH), and to investigate differences in sagittal spinal-pelvic parameters between patients with DDH and those with osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH).Methods:A total of 55 patients with DDH who underwent primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) at the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University between April 2021 and March 2024 were retrospectively analyzed. The cohort included 8 males and 47 females, with a mean age of 56.16±10.82 years (range: 26-76 years). Among them, 18 patients had bilateral DDH and 37 had unilateral DDH. Fifty-five age- and sex-matched patients with ONFH were selected as the control group. Unilateral DDH cases were classified according to the Hartofilakidis classification: 18 cases of type A, 13 cases of type B, and 6 cases of type C. Lateral spinal-pelvic radiographs were used to measure pelvic incidence (PI), pelvic tilt (PT), sacral slope (SS), and lumbar lordosis (LL) in both standing and sitting positions. Changes in sagittal spinal-pelvic parameters between standing and sitting positions were analyzed to assess spinal-pelvic mobility. Spinal-pelvic mobility was considered abnormal if △SS was outside the range of 10°-30°. Abnormal mobility was further categorized as stiffness (△SS<10°) or hypermobility (△SS>30°).Results:The PI (52.37°±12.43°), standing PT (12.13°±9.50°), and sitting PT (36.49°±13.43°) of DDH patients were significantly higher than those of ONFH patients (44.88°±11.38°, 7.80°±11.36°, and 28.91°±11.38°, respectively), with statistically significant differences ( P<0.05). Abnormal spinal-pelvic mobility, including both stiffness and hypermobility, was observed in 53% of DDH patients, with stiffness accounting for 20%. These proportions were significantly higher than those in ONFH patients, which were 24% and 6%, respectively ( P<0.05). The prevalence of abnormal spinal-pelvic mobility in Hartofilakidis type C DDH patients was 83%, significantly higher than the 30.8% observed in type B patients (χ 2=4.550, P=0.033). The standing LL (54.37°±11.59°) and sitting LL (28.56°±15.51°) in unilateral DDH patients were significantly greater than those in bilateral DDH patients (46.88°±15.30° and 20.42°±9.77°, respectively), with statistically significant differences ( P< 0.05). Conclusions:Compared with patients with ONFH, those with DDH demonstrate a higher prevalence of abnormal spinal-pelvic mobility, particularly a greater incidence of spinal stiffness. Among DDH subtypes, Hartofilakidis type C patients exhibit a higher proportion of abnormal mobility compared to types A and B. Additionally, patients with unilateral DDH present with greater lumbar lordosis than those with bilateral involvement.

OBJECTIVE To explore the clinical characteristics and risk factors for surgical site infections(SSI)in the patients undergoing type Ⅰ incision surgeries of grade Ⅲ and Ⅳ so as to provide theoretical bases for effective prevention and control of SSI.METHODS The clinical data were prospectively collected from 280 patients with SSI who received major type Ⅰ incision surgeries of grade Ⅲ and Ⅳ in the key departments of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University from Jan.2021 to Jun.2024,and randomly from another 280 patients without infec-tions.The enrolled patients were assigned as the infection group and the no infection group,respectively.The clin-ical characteristics of the SSI were analyzed.The baseline data,including sex,age,hypertension,diabetes melli-tus,hyperlipidemia,heart disease,hepatorenal function,nutrition status,preoperative length of hospital stay,operation duration,implantation materials,emergency surgery,intraoperative warm maintenance,microscope,blood loss volume,blood transfusion and postoperative intensive care unit(ICU)stay as well as severe hypopro-teinemia,were collected from the enrolled patients.Univariate analysis and logistic regression analysis were per-formed for the influencing factors for the SSI.RESULTS A total of 16,706 patients underwent neurosurgery,or-thopedics and cardiothoracic surgery,280 of whom had SSI,the incidence of SSI was 1.68％.Totally 264 strains of bacteria were isolated,53.03％of which were gram-positive bacteria,46.97％were gram-negative bacteria;Staphylococcus aureus was the most common species of pathogenic bacteria.The result of multivariate logistic a-nalysis showed that the nutrition status,operation duration,microscope,postoperative ICU and severe hypopro-teinemia were the risk factors for the SSI(P＜0.05).CONCLUSIONS The SSI is common among the patients un-dergoing type Ⅰ incision surgeries of grade Ⅲ and Ⅳ.It is necessary for the hospital to take targeted interven-tion measures in early stage based on the risk factors.

OBJECTIVE To explore the clinical characteristics and risk factors for surgical site infections(SSI)in the patients undergoing type Ⅰ incision surgeries of grade Ⅲ and Ⅳ so as to provide theoretical bases for effective prevention and control of SSI.METHODS The clinical data were prospectively collected from 280 patients with SSI who received major type Ⅰ incision surgeries of grade Ⅲ and Ⅳ in the key departments of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University from Jan.2021 to Jun.2024,and randomly from another 280 patients without infec-tions.The enrolled patients were assigned as the infection group and the no infection group,respectively.The clin-ical characteristics of the SSI were analyzed.The baseline data,including sex,age,hypertension,diabetes melli-tus,hyperlipidemia,heart disease,hepatorenal function,nutrition status,preoperative length of hospital stay,operation duration,implantation materials,emergency surgery,intraoperative warm maintenance,microscope,blood loss volume,blood transfusion and postoperative intensive care unit(ICU)stay as well as severe hypopro-teinemia,were collected from the enrolled patients.Univariate analysis and logistic regression analysis were per-formed for the influencing factors for the SSI.RESULTS A total of 16,706 patients underwent neurosurgery,or-thopedics and cardiothoracic surgery,280 of whom had SSI,the incidence of SSI was 1.68％.Totally 264 strains of bacteria were isolated,53.03％of which were gram-positive bacteria,46.97％were gram-negative bacteria;Staphylococcus aureus was the most common species of pathogenic bacteria.The result of multivariate logistic a-nalysis showed that the nutrition status,operation duration,microscope,postoperative ICU and severe hypopro-teinemia were the risk factors for the SSI(P＜0.05).CONCLUSIONS The SSI is common among the patients un-dergoing type Ⅰ incision surgeries of grade Ⅲ and Ⅳ.It is necessary for the hospital to take targeted interven-tion measures in early stage based on the risk factors.

Polycystic ovary syndrome is a common condition among women of childbearing age that seriously affects their physical and mental health. The pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome is complex, involving multiple factors, such as genetics, endocrine function, metabolism, and inflammation. Various treatment methods for polycystic ovary syndrome are available, including lifestyle interventions, medication therapy, ovulation induction therapy, and surgical treatment. Each of these approaches requires individualized treatment plans tailored to the specific circumstances of the patient. With the continuous advancement of research, it is believed that more effective treatment methods will emerge, leading to better outcomes for patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. This paper aims to provide a review of the pathogenesis and treatment research progress of polycystic ovary syndrome.

Malignant tumors in children are one of the most important diseases that threaten the health and quality of life of children and are the second most common cause of death in children.With the continuous improvement and progress of treatment technology, the long-term survival rate of children with tumor has been significantly improved, but both the disease itself and the treatment can impair the immune function of children, which makes them vulnerable to various infectious diseases and secondary serious complications, and even become a source of infection, endangering the health of others. Vaccination is the most cost-effective measure to prevent infectious diseases. For children with normal immune functions, the benefits of vaccination usually outweigh the disadvantages. However, there is a lack of detailed data on the vaccination situation, efficacy and safety of vaccine use for such immunocompromised tumor survivors, and there are no authoritative and uniform vaccination recommendations. This article reviewed and summarized the literature and consensus of some domestic and foreign scholars on current status of post-treatment vaccination status, efficacy and safety of vaccination for children with tumors after treatment, with the aim of providing a reference for the practice in this field in China.

H 1-antihistamines are widely used in the treatment of various allergic diseases, but there are still many challenges in the safe and rational use of H 1-antihistamines in pediatrics, and there is a lack of guidance on the prescription review of H 1-antihistamines for children.In this paper, suggestions are put forward from the indications, dosage, route of administration, pathophysiological characteristics of children with individual difference and drug interactions, so as to provide reference for clinicians and pharmacists.

Osteoporotic fracture is the most major complication of osteoporosis. It is a significant global public health problem which continues to bring serious family and social burden. In order to improve the prevention and treatment of osteoporotic fractures， many countries have carried out new ways of fracture prevention and management， and achieved some results. Prevention mainly aims at those at high risk of fracture， and includes new health education on fracture and the promotion of fall prevention measures. For management， the "Fracture liaison services" mode is mainly applied to the fracture patients， with refined patient management to deal with the fractures that have occurred. This article summarizes the global prevalence of osteoporotic fractures， risk factors， and the current research progress in fracture prevention and management in China and the West.

Objective: To investigate the effects of hepatobiliary metabolie dysfunction on gut microbiota in rats with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP). Methods: Forty Sprauge-Dawley(SD) rats at 10 days of gestation were randomly divided into two groups,25 for ICP induction and 15 as control. Estradiol benzoate, combined with progesterone, was given to the rats by intraperitoneal injjection from 10 to 14 days after gestation. Hepatic impairment indicators of total bilirubin(TBIL), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST),-glutamyl transferase ( GGT), alkaline phosphatase(AL.P), and total bile acids (TBA) in sera of the animals were detected in each group to verify the model construction. Simultaneously, the liver tissues were subjected to pathology examination and fresh faeces samples were collected for 16S rDNA sequencing to explore the gut microbiota profiles. Results: The serum levels of TBIL,ALT,AST,GGT,ALP and TBA in ICP group were significantly elevated compared with the control (P<0. 05 );the ICP rats presented obvious characteristics of hepatobiliary disorders, showing prominent steatosis, necrosis of hepatocytes and infiltration of inflammatory cells, with formation of bile thrombus in some animals. The abundance of Eubacterium, Bacteroides, Parabacteroides distasonis and Bacteroides uniformis remarkably decreased wereas Prevotela and Fusobacterium significantly increased in ICP rats when compared with the control (P<0.05). Conclusion The hepatic injuries and bile acid metabolic disorders occurred in ICP rats,which resulted in dysbiosis of gut microbiota.