Linxian County in Henan Province, Northern China is known as the region with the highest incidence and mortality rate of esophageal cancer worldwide. Since 1959, the Henan medical team has conducted field work on esophageal cancer prevention and treatment in Linxian. Through three generations of effort exerted by oncologists over 65 years of research on esophageal cancer prevention and treatment in Linxian, the incidence rate of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in this area has dropped by nearly 50%, and the 5-year survival rate has increased to 40%, reaching the international leading level. This article aims to summarize the history, present opportunities and new challenges, and explore the experience of esophageal cancer prevention and treatment in Linxian (referred to as the “Linxian experience”), providing reference and guidance to cancer prevention and treatment research in China.

OBJECTIVE: To explore clinical effects of repairing skin and soft tissue defect of finger with free posterior interosseous artery perforator flap. METHODS: Totally 8 patients with finger skin and soft tissue defect repaired with free posterior interosseous artery perforator flap were treated from May 2021 to November 2022, including 7 males and 1 female aged from 24 to 54 years old, and soft tissue defect area ranged from 3.0 cm×1.5 cm to 5.0 cm×3.0 cm. The time from injury to flap repair ranged from 3 to 83 h. The free posterior interosseous artery perforator flap was applied to repair finger defect, the area of the flap ranged from 3.5 cm×2.0 cm to 5.2 cm×3.5 cm, the donor area of flap was sutured directly. The survival, appearance, texture and donor complications of the flap were observed after operation, and Dargan functional standard was used to evaluate clinical effect of finger function. RESULTS: All flap of 8 patients were survived, and followed up from 3 to 12 months. There was no obvious swelling, soft texture, obvious pigmentation, linear intaglio in donor area only, and without obvious complications were found. Among them, 3 patients'skin flaps were repaired for the defect of palm of the fingers, and sensory recovery was good, two-point discrimination ranged from 5 to 9 mm. According to Dargan functional evaluation, 3 patients excellent, and 5 good. CONCLUSION Free posterior interosseous artery perforation branch flap could be used to repair the defect of finger. The thickness of flap is moderate, operation is convenient, appearance and texture of the operative flap are good, and the donor site is small without obvious complications, and obtain satisfactory clinical effect.
Male ; Humans ; Female ; Young Adult ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Perforator Flap ; Fingers ; Upper Extremity ; Ulnar Artery ; Skin

Animals ; Mice ; Microscopy ; Seizures ; Brain

As a sensor of cytosolic DNA, the role of cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) in innate immune response is well established, yet how its functions in different biological conditions remain to be elucidated. Here, we identify cGAS as an essential regulator in inhibiting mitotic DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair and protecting short telomeres from end-to-end fusion independent of the canonical cGAS-STING pathway. cGAS associates with telomeric/subtelomeric DNA during mitosis when TRF1/TRF2/POT1 are deficient on telomeres. Depletion of cGAS leads to mitotic chromosome end-to-end fusions predominantly occurring between short telomeres. Mechanistically, cGAS interacts with CDK1 and positions them to chromosome ends. Thus, CDK1 inhibits mitotic non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) by blocking the recruitment of RNF8. cGAS-deficient human primary cells are defective in entering replicative senescence and display chromosome end-to-end fusions, genome instability and prolonged growth arrest. Altogether, cGAS safeguards genome stability by controlling mitotic DSB repair to inhibit mitotic chromosome end-to-end fusions, thus facilitating replicative senescence.

Objective: Several COVID-19 patients have overlapping comorbidities. The independent role of each component contributing to the risk of COVID-19 is unknown, and how some non-cardiometabolic comorbidities affect the risk of COVID-19 remains unclear. Methods: A retrospective follow-up design was adopted. A total of 1,160 laboratory-confirmed patients were enrolled from nine provinces in China. Data on comorbidities were obtained from the patients' medical records. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds ratio ( Results: Overall, 158 (13.6%) patients were diagnosed with severe illness and 32 (2.7%) had unfavorable outcomes. Hypertension (2.87, 1.30-6.32), type 2 diabetes (T2DM) (3.57, 2.32-5.49), cardiovascular disease (CVD) (3.78, 1.81-7.89), fatty liver disease (7.53, 1.96-28.96), hyperlipidemia (2.15, 1.26-3.67), other lung diseases (6.00, 3.01-11.96), and electrolyte imbalance (10.40, 3.00-26.10) were independently linked to increased odds of being severely ill. T2DM (6.07, 2.89-12.75), CVD (8.47, 6.03-11.89), and electrolyte imbalance (19.44, 11.47-32.96) were also strong predictors of unfavorable outcomes. Women with comorbidities were more likely to have severe disease on admission (5.46, 3.25-9.19), while men with comorbidities were more likely to have unfavorable treatment outcomes (6.58, 1.46-29.64) within two weeks. Conclusion Besides hypertension, diabetes, and CVD, fatty liver disease, hyperlipidemia, other lung diseases, and electrolyte imbalance were independent risk factors for COVID-19 severity and poor treatment outcome. Women with comorbidities were more likely to have severe disease, while men with comorbidities were more likely to have unfavorable treatment outcomes.
Adult ; Aged ; COVID-19/virology* ; China/epidemiology* ; Comorbidity ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Severity of Illness Index ; Treatment Outcome

Objective: To explore the effects of the combination of butylphthalide and clopidogrel on the blood viscosity and parameters of transcranial Doppler in patients with cerebral infarction. Methods: Ninety patients with cerebral infarction were selected, and they were divided into control group and observation group according to the digital table, with 45 cases in each group.The control group was orally given clopidogrel, the observation group was given clopidogrel combined with butylphthalide.The clinical curative effect, blood viscosity changes and transcranial Doppler changes were compared between the two groups. Results: The total effective rate of the observation group was 93.33%, which was significantly higher than 73.33% of the control group (χ²=5.67, P<0.05). After treatment, the HSV and PSV of the two groups were lower than those before treatment(t=4.34, 4.56, 7.89, 7.23, all P<0.05), and the decrease of HSV and PSV in the observation group was more significant than those in the control group after treatment(t=6.55, 6.67, all P<0.05). Compared with those before treatment, the Vm of ACA and MCA in the two groups after treatment significantly increased(t=4.34, 4.90, 7.33, 6.92, all P<0.05), the PI of ACA and MCA significantly decreased(t=4.77, 4.66, 7.12, 7.29, all P<0.05), and the above indicators in the observation group after treatment improved more significantly compared with those in the control group(t=6.31, 5.50, 6.54, 6.28, all P<0.05). Conclusion The effect of the early combination of butylphthalide and clopidogrel in the treatment of patients with cerebral infarction is significant, and it can effectively improve the change of blood viscosity.

Objective To investigate the effect of different HAART regimens on liver function,viral load and CD4+T cells of HIV infected children with HCV co-infection.Methods A total of 40 patients were divided into 4 groups:13 cases in AZT+3TC+NVP group(group A),16 cases in AZT+3TC+EFV group(group B),5 cases in D4T+3TC+EFV group(group C)and 6 cases in D4T+3TC+NVP group(group D).Liver function,viral load and CD4+T cells of patients in 4 groups were compared between before and after HAART.Results Eight patients(20％)had abnormal liver function before HAART treatment,and all of them had 1 level of liver damage.After receiving HAART,levels of ALT and AST were increased in group A and B(P<0.01);AST levels were increased in group C(P<0.01).CD4+T counts were all increased and HIV viral loads were decreased in 4 groups(P<0.01).There was no significant difference in RNA HCV load before and after HAART treatment(P>0.05).Conclusion Different HAART regimens can increase the liver damage in HIV infected children co-infected with HCV,but have little effect on the treatment efficiency of HAART regimens.

Objective To investigate whether the expression of sterile alpha motif and histidine/aspartic acid domain containing protein 1 ( SAMHD1 ) could be induced by IFN-α and mediated by microRNA-181a (miR-181a). Methods THP-1 and Jurkat cells were treated with different doses of IFN-α(200 IU/ml and 1 000 IU/ml) for 24 h. The expression of miR-181a and SAMHD1 at mRNA level were de-tected by quantitative PCR. Western blot assay was performed to measure the expression of SAMHD1 at pro-tein level. THP-1 and Jurkat cells were transfected with p-181a, an over-expression vector of miR-181a, and then treated with 200 IU/ml of IFN-α. Changes in the expression of SAMHD1 in those cells were analyzed. Results IFN-α significantly enhanced the expression of SAMHD1 at mRNA and protein levels, but inhibi-ted the expression of miR-181a, especially in Jurkat cells. The expression of SAMHD induced by IFN-αwas inhibited in cells over-expressing miR-181a. Conclusion This study suggests that IFN-α could induce the expression of SAMHD1 by down-regulating the level of miR-181a.

A 12-year-old spayed female Pomeranian (weighing 2.4 kg) was referred with primary complaints of acute dyspnea, cough, and lethargy. Diagnostic imaging studies found degenerative mitral valve cusps, chordae tendinae rupture, severe mitral regurgitation (5.45 m/s of peak velocity), and marked left atrial and ventricular dilation. The dog was diagnosed as having degenerative mitral valve disease (DMVD) with ISACHC stage IIIa heart failure. Her clinical condition was stabilized after administration of cardiac medication (e.g. diuretics and pimobendan). Ten months later, the dog was referred back to the clinic due to a sudden worsening of clinical signs. Echocardiographic study found pulmonary hypertension in addition to DMVD. After medication was adjusted, clinical signs were stabilized in 2 weeks. The patient was returned after 4 months for cardiac recheck and there was no obvious worsening of clinical signs. Incidental finding of a left-to-right atrial septal defect from rupture of the atrial septum secondary to marked left atrial dilation by DMVD was noted by echocardiography. To diminish left atrial volume overload, the frequencies of both furosemide and pimobendan were increased (i.e. from q 12 hr to q 8 hr) in addition to adding spironolactone (1 mg/kg q 12 hr). Based on diagnostic findings, this case was re-diagnosed as acquired atrial septal defect secondary to rupture of the atrial septum with advanced stage DMVD. The dog was then stabilized and is currently being regularly monitored.
Animals ; Atrial Septum* ; Child ; Cough ; Diagnostic Imaging ; Diuretics ; Dogs* ; Dyspnea ; Echocardiography ; Female ; Furosemide ; Heart Failure ; Heart Septal Defects, Atrial ; Humans ; Hypertension, Pulmonary ; Incidental Findings ; Lethargy ; Mitral Valve Insufficiency ; Mitral Valve* ; Rupture* ; Spironolactone

Animals ; Autoantibodies ; blood ; Cytokines ; biosynthesis ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Lew ; Selenium ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Th1 Cells ; drug effects ; immunology ; Th2 Cells ; drug effects ; immunology ; Thyroid Gland ; drug effects ; immunology ; pathology ; Thyroiditis, Autoimmune ; drug therapy ; immunology ; Trace Elements ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use