Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease （MAFLD） is a chronic liver disease closely related to metabolic dysfunction. Its global prevalence is increasing year by year and shows a trend toward younger onset. It is closely associated with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases， chronic kidney disease， and extrahepatic malignant tumors， and has become a major public health problem affecting the health of the Chinese population. At present， the treatment of MAFLD mainly focuses on lifestyle intervention. When metabolic cardiovascular risk factors and liver injury are present， pharmacological intervention is required. However， there is still no specific drug therapy for MAFLD. In recent years， many studies have found that the pathogenesis of MAFLD involves interactions among multiple factors， including insulin resistance， oxidative stress， endoplasmic reticulum stress， programmed cell death， immune dysregulation， inflammasomes， gut microbiota imbalance， and bile acid metabolism. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has advantages in integrated regulation with multiple components and multiple targets， and shows significant efficacy in the treatment of MAFLD. Active components of Chinese medicinal herbs and Chinese medicine compound formulas exert definite therapeutic effects by regulating multiple signaling pathways to improve lipid metabolism disorders， inhibit inflammatory responses， and regulate the gut microbiota， thereby effectively improving clinical symptoms and delaying the occurrence and development of MAFLD. Therefore， strengthening research on the mechanisms of action of TCM in MAFLD is of crucial importance and significance for its treatment. This article summarizes the mechanisms by which Chinese medicine monomers and compound formulas intervene in MAFLD through the regulation of related signaling pathways， based on the retrieval and analysis of relevant literature from multiple databases， with the aim of providing theoretical support and a reference basis for the clinical application of TCM in the treatment of MAFLD.

Objective:To explore the possibility of using a inferior gluteal artery perforator flap (IGAPF) for breast reconstruction in the patient who did not have suitable donor site in back and abdomen.Methods:In November 2024, a 25-year-old unmarried and childless woman with right breast cancer received immediate right breast reconstruction by a right free IGAPF after modified right mastectomy in the Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University. The locations of perforators were confirmed by both Multi-detector computed tomography angiography (MDCTA) and portable Doppler blood flow detector before surgery. The IGAPF was designed to take the inferior gluteal wrinkle as the lower edge, the axis of the flap was parallel to the inferior gluteal wrinkle, and the width of the flap was estimated where the incision could be directly closed. The size of right IGAPF was 6.0 cm×19.0 cm. Sharp dissection was performed between the sarcolemma and muscle fibres of gluteus, then the perforators were dissected along the direction of muscle fibres of gluteus. The vascular pedicle was kept at about 8.0 cm in length. The diameter of artery was about 2.0 mm and that for the veins was about 1.5 mm. End-to-end anastomoses with the right thoracodorsal artery and vein were successfully carried out. The donor site was directly closed, and it was hidden in the inferior gluteal wrinkle. Postoperative outpatient clinical review was made.Results:Pathological examination reported: an invasive carcinoma of right breast, axillary lymph node metastasis (2/10). The patient recovered well and the flap survived without any complication, i.e. ischemic necrosis, infection and haematoma. The patient was off-bed at 3 days and discharged at 13 days after surgery. At the 40 days of postoperative follow-up, the patient achieved a good recovery and the lower limb activity was not affected by the surgery. The patient was satisfied with the reconstructed breast and donor site recovery. The patient followed with scheduled chemotherapy and subsequent radiotherapy. The volume of reconstructed breast was smaller than the other breast, of which the patient was fully informed before the surgery.Conclusion:A free IGAPF provides an alternative donor sites for achieving a breast reconstruction due to the reliable pedicle vessels and invisible donor scars.

Objective To explore whether the biopsy rate and the positive rate of biopsy during colonoscopy can serve as effective indicators for evaluating the diagnostic proficiency of endoscopists.Methods Total fifteen endoscopists from the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Military Medical University,Guiqian International General Hospital and No.958 Hospital of PLA Army were enrolled and served as the study subjects.According to their years of experience,gender and working hours,they were divided into a senior group(n=8)and a junior group(n=7),a male group(n=9)and a female group(n=6),and a morning period(08:00-12:00)and an afternoon period(13:00-18:00).The data of all patients examined by the aforementioned endoscopists between January 2023 and December 2023 were collected,including the basic demographics,colonoscopic results,biopsy outcomes and pathological diagnoses of the patients.ANOVA was used to analyze the differences in the biopsy rate and positive rate of biopsy existed among the endoscopists of different years of experience,gender and working at different periods(morning and afternoon).Additionally,multivariate logistic regression analysis was employed to identify the independent risk factors associated with positive rates of biopsy.Results The senior group had significantly lower biopsy rate[(5.73±0.81)%vs(6.89±0.97)%],but obviously higher positive rate of biopsy[(53.52±3.87)%vs(33.70±7.85)%]than the junior group(both P<0.01).The biopsy rate was notably higher during the morning working time period than the afternoon working time period in all the endoscopits[(6.76±1.11)%vs(5.53±1.57)%,P<0.05].Logistic regression analysis showed that the years of experience[(53.52±3.87)%vs(33.70±7.85)%,OR=92.187,95%CI:3.118～2 725.366,P<0.01)and working time[(48.35±10.50)%vs(37.80±10.65)%,OR=20.885,95%CI:1.266～344.602,P<0.05)were influencing factors for positive rate of biopsy.Conclusion The biopsy rate is low and positive rate of biopsy is high among the senior experienced endoscopists,while,opposite results are seen in the junior experienced clinicians,indicating correlation of biopsy rate and positive rate of biopsy with diagnostic proficiency of endoscopists.

Metabolic bariatric surgery is an effective intervention for obesity and related metabolic disorders.Beyond substantial weight reduction,it modulates orexigenic and anorexigenic neuropeptides and their signaling pathways to improve energy homeostasis and metabolic function.This review summarizes the regulatory effects of various bariatric procedures(such as Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy)on orexigenic neuropeptides and anorexigenic factors,highlighting the involvement of key signaling pathways including mTOR and AMPK.These mechanisms contribute to weight control,enhanced insulin sensitivity,and remission of metabolic diseases.By integrating central and peripheral regulatory processes,metabolic surgery provides new biological insights into individualized obesity management.Future research should focus on interindividual variability and long-term neuro-metabolic adaptations to optimize surgical outcomes and improve metabolic health.

Objective:To systematically synthesize the real experiences of cancer patients undergoing prehabilitation and provide a reference for the development of targeted prehabilitation programs.Methods:A systematic search was conducted in China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data, VIP, China Biology Medicine disc, Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library databases for qualitative studies on the prehabilitation experiences of cancer patients. The quality of the included studies was appraised, and the findings were integrated using a Meta-aggregative approach. The search covered publications up to June 30, 2024.Results:A total of 17 studies were included, yielding 76 themes. These were synthesized into 12 categories and further integrated into four integration results: heavy physical and psychological burden with low adherence to programs; positive cognition supported by multiple factors leads to high adherence under appropriate interventions; unmet practical needs require urgent attention; physical and psychological benefits are sustained and influential.Conclusions:Multiple factors affect patients' adherence to prehabilitation, and unmet needs are common. Future research should aim to identify barriers and meet patients' needs.

Objective:To analyze interobserver variability in endoscopic diagnostic accuracy of chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) among endoscopists with varying levels of experience.Methods:Endoscopic examination data from 247 patients who underwent endoscopy from January 2021 to June 2024 at Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University ( n=154), Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University ( n=35) and Shanxi Provincial Coal Central Hospital ( n=58) were retrospectively collected. The collected images were reviewed by an expert panel of three individuals with the title of deputy chief physician or above. The final endoscopic Kimura-Takemoto classification diagnosis of the expert panel was regarded as the golden standard. Fourteen endoscopists from the above three centers provided their Kimura-Takemoto classification diagnosis. These endoscopists were divided into the junior group ( n=7, with experience of <2 000 procedures) and the senior group ( n=7, with experience of >10 000 procedures). The difference in the accuracy of endoscopic Kimura-Takemoto classification diagnosis between the groups were analyzed. Results:Diagnostic accuracy for Kimura-Takemoto classification ranged from 65.99% (163/247) to 86.64% (214/247) in the senior group with the overall accuracy of 77.27% (1 336/1 729). The junior group exhibited diagnostic accuracy ranging from 36.44% (90/247) to 72.47% (179/247) with the overall accuracy of 62.12% (1 074/1 729). The senior group demonstrated higher overall diagnostic accuracy than that of the junior group ( χ 2=93.27, P<0.001). The diagnostic accuracy of non-CAG in the senior group was higher than that in the junior group [83.73% (463/553) VS 72.33% (400/553), χ 2=20.27, P<0.001]. The diagnostic accuracy of C-type atrophy in the senior group was higher than that in the junior group [90.10% (801/889) VS 82.79% (736/889), χ 2=19.66, P<0.001] .The diagnostic accuracy of O-type atrophy in the senior group was higher than that in the junior group [83.97% (241/287) VS 68.29% (196/287), χ 2=18.56, P<0.001]. Conclusion:Interobserver variability is observed in the diagnostic accuracy of endoscopic Kimura-Takemoto classification for CAG among endoscopists with different experience levels. Experienced endoscopists exhibit higher diagnostic accuracy for CAG compared with their less experienced counterparts.

Metabolic bariatric surgery is an effective intervention for obesity and related metabolic disorders.Beyond substantial weight reduction,it modulates orexigenic and anorexigenic neuropeptides and their signaling pathways to improve energy homeostasis and metabolic function.This review summarizes the regulatory effects of various bariatric procedures(such as Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy)on orexigenic neuropeptides and anorexigenic factors,highlighting the involvement of key signaling pathways including mTOR and AMPK.These mechanisms contribute to weight control,enhanced insulin sensitivity,and remission of metabolic diseases.By integrating central and peripheral regulatory processes,metabolic surgery provides new biological insights into individualized obesity management.Future research should focus on interindividual variability and long-term neuro-metabolic adaptations to optimize surgical outcomes and improve metabolic health.

Objective:To analyze interobserver variability in endoscopic diagnostic accuracy of chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) among endoscopists with varying levels of experience.Methods:Endoscopic examination data from 247 patients who underwent endoscopy from January 2021 to June 2024 at Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University ( n=154), Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University ( n=35) and Shanxi Provincial Coal Central Hospital ( n=58) were retrospectively collected. The collected images were reviewed by an expert panel of three individuals with the title of deputy chief physician or above. The final endoscopic Kimura-Takemoto classification diagnosis of the expert panel was regarded as the golden standard. Fourteen endoscopists from the above three centers provided their Kimura-Takemoto classification diagnosis. These endoscopists were divided into the junior group ( n=7, with experience of <2 000 procedures) and the senior group ( n=7, with experience of >10 000 procedures). The difference in the accuracy of endoscopic Kimura-Takemoto classification diagnosis between the groups were analyzed. Results:Diagnostic accuracy for Kimura-Takemoto classification ranged from 65.99% (163/247) to 86.64% (214/247) in the senior group with the overall accuracy of 77.27% (1 336/1 729). The junior group exhibited diagnostic accuracy ranging from 36.44% (90/247) to 72.47% (179/247) with the overall accuracy of 62.12% (1 074/1 729). The senior group demonstrated higher overall diagnostic accuracy than that of the junior group ( χ 2=93.27, P<0.001). The diagnostic accuracy of non-CAG in the senior group was higher than that in the junior group [83.73% (463/553) VS 72.33% (400/553), χ 2=20.27, P<0.001]. The diagnostic accuracy of C-type atrophy in the senior group was higher than that in the junior group [90.10% (801/889) VS 82.79% (736/889), χ 2=19.66, P<0.001] .The diagnostic accuracy of O-type atrophy in the senior group was higher than that in the junior group [83.97% (241/287) VS 68.29% (196/287), χ 2=18.56, P<0.001]. Conclusion:Interobserver variability is observed in the diagnostic accuracy of endoscopic Kimura-Takemoto classification for CAG among endoscopists with different experience levels. Experienced endoscopists exhibit higher diagnostic accuracy for CAG compared with their less experienced counterparts.

Objective:To systematically synthesize the real experiences of cancer patients undergoing prehabilitation and provide a reference for the development of targeted prehabilitation programs.Methods:A systematic search was conducted in China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data, VIP, China Biology Medicine disc, Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library databases for qualitative studies on the prehabilitation experiences of cancer patients. The quality of the included studies was appraised, and the findings were integrated using a Meta-aggregative approach. The search covered publications up to June 30, 2024.Results:A total of 17 studies were included, yielding 76 themes. These were synthesized into 12 categories and further integrated into four integration results: heavy physical and psychological burden with low adherence to programs; positive cognition supported by multiple factors leads to high adherence under appropriate interventions; unmet practical needs require urgent attention; physical and psychological benefits are sustained and influential.Conclusions:Multiple factors affect patients' adherence to prehabilitation, and unmet needs are common. Future research should aim to identify barriers and meet patients' needs.

Objective:To explore the possibility of using a inferior gluteal artery perforator flap (IGAPF) for breast reconstruction in the patient who did not have suitable donor site in back and abdomen.Methods:In November 2024, a 25-year-old unmarried and childless woman with right breast cancer received immediate right breast reconstruction by a right free IGAPF after modified right mastectomy in the Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University. The locations of perforators were confirmed by both Multi-detector computed tomography angiography (MDCTA) and portable Doppler blood flow detector before surgery. The IGAPF was designed to take the inferior gluteal wrinkle as the lower edge, the axis of the flap was parallel to the inferior gluteal wrinkle, and the width of the flap was estimated where the incision could be directly closed. The size of right IGAPF was 6.0 cm×19.0 cm. Sharp dissection was performed between the sarcolemma and muscle fibres of gluteus, then the perforators were dissected along the direction of muscle fibres of gluteus. The vascular pedicle was kept at about 8.0 cm in length. The diameter of artery was about 2.0 mm and that for the veins was about 1.5 mm. End-to-end anastomoses with the right thoracodorsal artery and vein were successfully carried out. The donor site was directly closed, and it was hidden in the inferior gluteal wrinkle. Postoperative outpatient clinical review was made.Results:Pathological examination reported: an invasive carcinoma of right breast, axillary lymph node metastasis (2/10). The patient recovered well and the flap survived without any complication, i.e. ischemic necrosis, infection and haematoma. The patient was off-bed at 3 days and discharged at 13 days after surgery. At the 40 days of postoperative follow-up, the patient achieved a good recovery and the lower limb activity was not affected by the surgery. The patient was satisfied with the reconstructed breast and donor site recovery. The patient followed with scheduled chemotherapy and subsequent radiotherapy. The volume of reconstructed breast was smaller than the other breast, of which the patient was fully informed before the surgery.Conclusion:A free IGAPF provides an alternative donor sites for achieving a breast reconstruction due to the reliable pedicle vessels and invisible donor scars.